Calcium peroxide (CP) combined persulfate (PS) oxidation is an emerging in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology for ground water remediation. Many field cases also confirm its effectiveness in ground water remediation while few research articles document it. This study investigated the performance of α-methylnaphthalene (MN) degradation by PS/CP to further understand this dual oxidant application in ISCO. Results showed that MN could be completely oxidized in 72 h with 1 g L −1 PS and 1 g L −1 CP. The degradation rates of MN increased with the increase of PS and CP concentration. MN degradation was significantly enhanced with the solution pH decrease, because CP was easier to dissolve and generated more radicals in acidic condition. Solutes in ground water including chloride ions, alkalinity and natural organic matters presented inhibitory effect on MN degradation in this dual oxidant system. Plausible mechanisms of the sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in the system were proposed based on the results of radical scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests. It appeared that surface OH of CP was also responsible for the MN removal. The major oxidation products in this study were 1-naphthaldehdye, naphthalene-1-ylmethanol and 4-hydroxy-4-methylnaphthalen-1(4H)-one. To better understand PS/CP in ISCO, the degradation of MN was tested in ground water matrix, which showed satisfactory efficiency. The results of this study provided some detail information of PS/CP dual oxidant in degradation organic contaminants, which might provide some references for the application of this technology in ISCO.
Tar is a barrier to limit the development of biomass gasification. Catalytic steam reforming experiments using α -methylnaphthalene (MNP) as a model tar compound were carried out in the two-stage reactor system (TSR). Based on response surface methodology, the effects of TSR temperatures and the molar ratio of steam to carbon (S/C) on MNP reforming performances were analyzed using the Li-modified Ni-based catalyst (NBC). The results show that the proper introduction of H 2 is able to improve significantly the MNP conversion, specially at lower temperatures. Furthermore, it is more appropriate for the modified catalysts by Li and Mg to be loaded in the first reactor due to their significant promotion to hydrocracking reactions, and it is favorable to place the Ni/Al catalyst in the second reactor for H 2 -rich gas. Additionally, the carbon deposition resistance of the NBC modified by Li exhibits better than that of the NBC modified by Mg.