Sensors based on inorganic nanomaterials for the detection of human body fluids show great potential in real-time detection and treatment of human health due to their advantages of small size and easy to wear. Nevertheless, most of the existing sensors have the disadvantage of detecting relatively simple substances and suffer from low sensitivity, which undermines their practical applicability in body fluids detection. In this study, based on the transition metal carbide (Ti 3 C 2 T x , MXene)/αFe 2 O 3 grid composite structure, a highly sensitive flexible sensor is proposed, which can realize accurate and simultaneous detection of glucose and uric acid (UA) concentration. The sensor exhibits outstanding durability, enabling it to withstand prolonged immersion in water and exposure to high flow velocities. More importantly, the sensor has extremely high sensitivity for both glucose (2.14 mA mM −1 cm −2 , 5.5 times the mean value) and UA (2.56 μA μM −1 cm −2 , 3.5 times the mean value). It also has the advantage of low detection limits (0.27 μM for glucose and 0.31 μM for UA) and a wide linear detection range (1 mM–40 mM for glucose and 10 μM–900 μM for UA) compared to existing sensors for body fluids detection. In addition, the sensor has excellent repeatability, long shelf life (over 40 days) and excellent immunity to interference (accurate detection of glucose and UA in the presence of multiple metal ions as well as organics in human body fluids). This study establishes the groundwork for developing a production-ready and highly sensitive blood detection sensor capable of real-time monitoring.
Mohamed Sharaf,Eman Jassim Mohammed,Eman M. Farahat,Amani A. Alrehaili,Abdulsalam Alkhudhayri,Ahmed Mohamed Ali,Abdullah A. Zahra,Shadi A. Zakai,Amr Elkelish,Maha AlHarbi,Mai Farag Saad
This study targeted developing a novel Zinc oxide with alpha hematite nanoflowers (NFs)-loaded bee venom (Bv) (Bv-ZnO@αFe2O3NFs) as a bio-natural product from bees to combine both the advantages of combination magnetic properties and the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties on isolated coliform bacteria from the effluent of wastewater treatment plants. About 24 isolates of treated wastewater isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). The phylogenetic grouping ofEscherichia coli(E. coli) andKlebsiella pneumonia(K. pneumonia) showed that the largest group was Group A, followed by Group B2 and Group B1. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), The X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM− EDX) validated the coating operation’s contact with Bv onto ZnO@αFe2O3NFs. According to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), pattern analyses for prepared nanoformulations exhibited a spherical shape of αFe2O3(~9–15 nm), and floral needle shapes with uniform distribution of size with aggregation of ZnOαFe2O3and Bv-ZnO@αFe2O3NFs around (~100–200 nm). The toxicity of Bv-ZnO@αFe2O3NFs was comparable up to 125 µg mL−1, when it reached 64.79% (IC50, 107.18 µg mL−1). The antibacterial activity showed different zones of inhibition against different isolates. The biofilm inhibitory activity of NPs and NFs showed a highly significant reduction (p< 0.001) in treated biofilms with ZnO@αFe2O3and Bv-ZnO@αFe2O3. In essence, ZnO@αFe2O3and Bv-ZnO@αFe2O3NFs are promising antimicrobials for inhibiting the growth and biofilm of MDRE. coliandK. pneumoniaisolates, thereby, biocontrol of wastewater.Keywords:alpha magnetite nanoparticles;nanoflowers;bee venom;antimicrobial activity;anti-biofilm formation;drug delivery
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