Fangtian Liu,Yang Wu,Min Zheng,Yifei Liu,Shiyi Cao,Yijin Qiu,Ze Zhao,Hongbing Deng
The biological and environmental hazards of nanoplastics are increasingly recognized, driving the need for effective and sustainable removal methods. Hydrophobic adsorbent materials with high surface areas are promising for capturing hydrophobic nanoplastics, yet achieving these properties in an eco-friendly, energy-efficient manner remains challenging. In this study, we turned to nature and proposed a synergistic hydrophilic-hydrophobic inlay strategy that employs hydrophilic bio-macromolecule β-chitin to assemble bio-microparticle pollen featuring inherent hydrophobicity and micro/nano-patterns. The resulting pollen-chitin sponge possesses a porous, hydrophobic architecture enriched with unique components such as aromatic rings and acetylamino groups. This assembly promotes strong interpenetration and interconnection between hydrophobic particles and hydrophilic lamellae, enhancing the interaction among hydrophobic pollen particles, water, and nanoplastics. The optimized arrangement of adsorption sites enables high-efficiency nanoplastics removal, achieving an adsorption capacity of up to 236.30 mg g −1 . The removal process is primarily driven by hydrogen bond interaction, hydrophobic interaction, physical interception, and π – π interaction. As a result, it successfully purified wastewater contaminated with multi-plastic particles and showed advantageous potential for removing various hydrophobic pollutants. Furthermore, sustainable recycling performance is demonstrated. The natural co-assembly system represents a practical, sustainable combination of multi-scale and multi-component biomass materials for mitigating hydrophobic pollution.
Based on the assumption that protein could be removed by the combined mechanism of alkaline induced degradation and strong hydrogen bond interactions of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), β-chitins were successfully prepared from squid pens by using alkaline DESs formed by potassium carbonate and glycerol. The chemical structures of the DESs were investigated by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and molecular modeling , and the physicochemical property of the prepared β-chitins were characterized. The preparation yields was about 32 %, and DESs with K 2 CO 3 /glycerol of 1/10 could be reused for three times while maintaining high preparation yields (31 %–32 %) and degree of deacetylation of 66.9 %–76.9 %. The mechanisms of deproteinization and demineralization by the alkaline DESs were proposed to follow the degradation and dissolution steps, and proteins and minerals were removed from squid pens through the synergistic actions of alkaline degradation and hydrogen bonding interactions. This alkaline DESs are promising to be used as a green and efficient approach for commercial production of β-chitin.
Microsized β-chitin fibers were prepared, and PAAm /β-chitin composited hydrogels were synthesized by situ free radical polymerization . The morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, transparency and drug release capabilities of the composited PAAm hydrogels were studied systematically. The results showed that the microsized β-chitin fibers were evenly dispersed in the PAAm hydrogels, and the tensile and compressive strength of PAAm hydrogels were increased by 2.1 folds and 4.4 folds respectively by adding with 15 phr microsized β-chitin fibers, while water absorbency and transparency of the hydrogels were decreased with higher microsized β-chitin fibers content. The drug release behaviors of diclofenac sodium in the hydrogel followed the Fickian diffusion mechanism with n value of 0.099 and 0.147 for PAAm hydrogels and PAAm/β-chitin composite hydrogels respectively, and the release time of 60 % drug were extended from 1 h to 5 h by the addition of 5 phr microsized β-chitin fibers. The results indicate that microsized β-chitin fibers can improve the mechanical properties and decrease the drug release rate of PAAm hydrogel, and the composited hydrogels may find potential applications in the field of transdermal drug delivery system.
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