Zhao Liu,Qian-Ping Xie,Huai-Wang Guo,Wei Xu,Jin-Jun Wang
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are believed to play critical roles in host-seeking behavior. However, little attention was paid to its different functions in male and female. The antenna-specific OBP gene from Bactrocera dorsalis , BdorOBP13, was cloned and its expression profile was examined. The results showed that BdorOBP13 was exclusively expressed in male and female adults, which exhibited a high transcript level in antennae. After injection of BdorOBP13 dsRNA, its transcript level in males and females decreased significantly. Electrophysiological responses of RNAi-injected flies to, methyl eugenol (male attractant) and γ-octalactone (female attractant) decreased significantly. However, no significant changes in the electrophysiological response were observed in RNAi-injected flies to benzothiazole, (+),dipentene, and ethyl tiglate. The behavioral bioassay showed that males treated with RNAi significantly reduced their preference to methyl eugenol, while RNAi-injected females showed a significantly lower preference to γ-octalactone, suggesting that BdorOBP13 may have different functions between males and females: it may be involved in the detection of methyl eugenol in males but is involved in the detection of γ-octalactone in females. These findings improve our understanding of insect OBPs and their roles in insect chemosensation, which may provide us with new molecular targets in the management of B. dorsalis .
Wang Zhengwei,Wen Ping,Qu Yufeng,Dong Shihao,Li Jianjun,Tan Ken,Nieh James C.
Pollinators such as bees provide a critical ecosystem service that can be impaired by information about predation. We provide the first evidence for olfactory eavesdropping and avoidance of heterospecific alarm signals, alarm pheromones, at food sources in bees. We predicted that foragers could eavesdrop upon heterospecific alarm pheromones, and would detect and avoid conspicuous individual pheromone compounds, defined by abundance and their ability to persist. We show that Apis cerana foragers avoid the distinctive alarm pheromones of A. dorsata and A. mellifera , species that share the same floral resources and predators. We next examined responses to individual alarm pheromone compounds. Apis cerana foragers avoided isopentyl acetate (IPA), which is found in all three species and is the most abundant and volatile of the tested compounds. Interestingly, A. cerana also avoided an odor component, gamma-octanoic lactone (GOL), which is >150-fold less volatile than IPA. Chemical analyses confirmed that GOL is only present in A. dorsata , not in A. cerana. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings revealed that A. cerana antennae are 10-fold more sensitive to GOL than to other tested compounds. Thus, the eavesdropping strategy is shaped by signal conspicuousness (abundance and commonality) and signal persistence (volatility).
Yang Yue,Chao Wang,Yashu Chen,Mingming Zheng,Yi Zhang,Qianchun Deng,Qi Zhou
Currently, the effect of varieties on the flavor and stability of flaxseed milk remains unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of different varieties on the stability, sensory, and aromas of flaxseed milk. 51 volatile compounds were identified in flaxseed milk using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry-Mass Spectrometry (SBSE-GC-O-MS). Among them, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine contributed higher relative odor active values (ROAV), resulted in the fruity, roasted, sweet, and cucumber in flaxseed milk. Isovaleraldehyde (green notes) was not detected in XHZM. However, other compounds such as 1-nonanol (floral), γ-nonanolactone and γ-octanoic lactone (coconut milk) had higher concentrations, causing a better sensory evaluation. Additionally, its stability was relatively good. The orthogonal partial least-squares regression (OPLS) model and VIP values showed that eight compounds were responsible for the sensory differences from different varietals. The study provided references to selection and understanding flavor composition basis of flaxseed milk.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）