Metabolites
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 2
·105
·
IF 4.5
Qi Zheng,Nan Hong,Lin Liu,Cong Wang,Ruixi Gan,Di Xu,Junsong Wang
Background/Objectives: Tributyltin (TBT) remains a persistent aquatic contaminant with documented neurotoxic effects, yet the underlying mechanisms of its neurotoxicity remain poorly understood. Methods: We investigated the comprehensive molecular mechanisms of TBT-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) through an integrated approach combining histopathological examination, metabolomics analysis, transcriptional profiling, and behavioral assays. Results: Histopathological analysis revealed significant TBT-induced damage to brain tissue architecture. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated that TBT exposure (500 ng/L) severely disrupted cellular energy metabolism, particularly the TCA cycle and purine/pyrimidine metabolism, while exhibiting hormetic responses at lower concentrations. Transcriptional analysis identified widespread downregulation of SNARE complex proteins and neurotransmitter transporters, indicating comprehensive deterioration of synaptic machinery. Conclusions: These molecular perturbations corresponded with systematic disruption of antioxidant defense mechanisms and neurotransmitter signaling pathways, establishing a direct mechanistic link to observed behavioral deficits. Our findings reveal a hierarchical cascade of molecular disruptions triggered by TBT exposure, bridging the critical gap between metabolic dysregulation and synaptic dysfunction. This mechanistic framework provides fundamental insights into the neurotoxicological impact of this widespread environmental contaminant, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for intervention.
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CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES
·
2026
·
IF 4.7
Gao Yuxuan,Kong Qiyu,Wang Jun,Sun Fengwei,Liu Xinyu,Wang Deliang,Li Jiangao,Yang Zhen
Developing organic type I photosensitizers (PSs) that generate less oxygen-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) has long been recognized to be an appealing yet significantly challenging task in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT), owing to the high oxygen dependency of conventional PDT, which impairs its overall therapeutic efficacy, particularly in hypoxic solid tumors. Herein, a molecular fluorination strategy to finely regulate PSs with bright near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and superior type I ROS generation ability was exploited. Benefited from the improved donor-acceptor interaction, promoted intersystem crossing process, and increased spin-orbit coupling (SOC) constant, the optimal TIBT-5F simultaneously exhibits broad absorption with a larger molar extinction coefficient in the visible-light region, bright NIR fluorescence emission and stronger type I ROS generation efficiency, making TIBT-5F a promising candidate for precise NIR fluorescence-guided PDT. The as-prepared TIBT-5F nanoparticles (NPs) can quickly accumulate in the tumor site, effectively produce both type II and type I ROS and prominently suppress the tumor growth under a safe white light irradiation (40 mW/cm 2 ) with minimized systemic toxicity. This study thus offers a new insight into constructing advanced type I PSs for precise fluorescence imaging-guided tumor theranostics.
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Polymers
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 10
·2274
·
IF 5
Zipeng He,Binhua Mei,Hongmei Chu,Yanjun Hou,Haijun Niu
In this study, six conjugated oligomers containing D–A structures were synthesized using the Stille coupling reaction and named PHZ1–PHZ6. All the oligomers utilized demonstrated excellent solubilities in common solvents and notable color variations in the domain of electrochromic characteristics. By designing and synthesizing two electron-donating groups modified with alkyl side chains and a common aromatic electron-donating group, as well as cross-binding them with two electron-withdrawing groups with lower molecular weights, the six oligomers presented good color-rendering efficiencies, among which PHZ4 presented the best color-rendering efficiency (283 cm2·C−1). The products also demonstrated excellent electrochemical switching-response times. PHZ5 presented the fastest coloring time (0.7 s), PHZ3 and PHZ6 presented the fastest bleaching times (2.1 s). Following 400 s of cycling activity, all the oligomers under study showed good working stabilities. Moreover, three kinds of photodetectors based on conducting oligomers were prepared, and the experimental results show that the three photodetectors have better specific detection performances and gains. These characteristics indicate that oligomers containing D–A structures are suitable for use as electrochromic and photodetector materials in the research.
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International Journal of Electrochemical Science
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Shaowen Pei,Xiuping Ju,Jinsheng Zhao,Hongmei Du
Two random copolymers, poly (benzotriazole-indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole) (PBTIDBD) and poly (benzotriazole-benzodithiophene-benzothiadiazole) (PBTBDBD) were synthesized and characterized by electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, electrochromic switching, colorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. For PBTIDBD, the color of film changed from rosybrown in neutral state to transparent lightgrey in oxidized state. The band gap calculated according to the spectroelectrochemistry data is 1.86 eV, and the response time, optical contrast, coloration efficiency at 1560 nm are 1.04 s, 62.1%, 276.29 cm 2 ∙C -1 , respectively. And, for PBTBDBD, its color changes from rosybrown to transparent grey as it was fully oxidized. The band gap is 1.68 eV, and the response time, optical contrast, coloration efficiency at 1560 nm are 2.68 s, 62.4%, 193.31 cm 2 ∙C -1 , respectively. Both copolymers are stable at a high temperature, and the decomposition temperature of PBTIDBD and PBTBDBD are 463 °C and 326 °C. Both copolymers can be good candidates for electrochromic application.
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International Journal of Electrochemical Science
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Lanlan Shen,Zhiru Bai,Yu Jiang,Liying Li,Fengxing Jiang,Jingkun Xu,Huanhuan Qiu,Huixuan Liu,Rongri Tan
Based on quaterthiophenen, bisethyleneoxyl are appended to thiophene rings (2,5-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, BED-TT) for modified monomer structure and obtain a lower onset potential as well as strong electron donor properties. Different molar ratio copolymers of BED-TT with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was electrochemically synthesized, and the effects of changes in the amount of EDOT on the electrochemical and spectrochemistry properties of the copolymers were tracked. The resultant copolymer P(BED-TT- co -EDOT) was characterized via cyclic voltammetry, Raman, and spectroelecrochemistry. The study found that the amount of EDOT in the mixed system of BED-TT and EDOT can regulate the oxidation potential, electrochemical activity, and redox process of polymer films to a certain extent. The spectroelectrochemical results revealed that the copolymer P(BED-TT- co -EDOT) has a narrower optical band gap (1.63-1.67eV) and a richer electrochromic color (from pink purple, purple to gray blue, blue).
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International Journal of Electrochemical Science
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Shuang Chen,Lingqian Kong,Chaolei Ban,Jinsheng Zhao,Hongmei Du
Four copolymers, poly(fluorene-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine) (PFPP), poly(benzotriazole-fluorene-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine) (PBTFPP), poly(benzotriazole-fluorene-benzothiadiazole) (PBTFBD), poly(benzothiadiazole-fluorene-benzothiadiazole) (PBDFBD)were synthesized successfully. Afterwards, a series of characterization, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), spectroelectrochemistry, kinetics, colorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis were carried out to fully investigate the properties of the copolymers we got. Their band gaps are 1.87 eV, 1.91 eV, 1.97 eV and 1.98 eV, respectively. From neutral state to oxidized state, PFPP changes from thistle to transparent gray, PBTFPP changes from tan to transparent gray, PBTFBD changes from sienna to lightslategray, and PBDFBD changes from rosybrown to lightgrey. The coloration efficiencies are 269.91cm 2 ·C -1 for PFPP, 177.45cm 2 ·C -1 for PBTFPP, 241.92cm 2 ·C -1 for PBTFBD, and 174.67cm 2 ·C -1 for PBDFBD in near infrared region. Except for PFPP, all the other three copolymers are stable and could be good candidates in electrochromic application.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2022
·
IF 10.753
Qiaoqiao Wang,Jingjing Miao,Anran Zhao,Manni Wu,Luqing Pan
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) have been shown as important targets of endocrine disrupting effects caused by organotin compounds (OTCs). In vitro methods for non-model species are instrumental in revealing not only mechanism of toxicity but also basic biology. In the present study, we constructed the GAL4 factor-based recombinant yeast systems of RXRα/RXRα (RR), RXRα/PPARα (RPα) and RXRα/PPARγ (RPγ) of the scallop Chlamys farreri to investigate their transcriptional activity under the induction of OTCs (tributyltin chloride, triphenyltin chloride, tripropyltin chloride and bis(tributyltin)oxide), their spiked sediments and five other non‑tin compounds (Wy14643, rosiglitazone, benzyl butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate). The results showed that the natural ligand of RXR, 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA), induces transcriptional activity in all three systems, while four OTCs induced the transcriptional activity of the RR and RPα systems. None of the five potential non‑tin endocrine disruptors induced effects on the RPα and RPγ systems. The spiked sediment experiment demonstrated the feasibility of the recombinant yeast systems constructed in this study for environmental sample detection. These results suggest that OTCs pose a threat to affect function of RXRα and PPARα of bivalve mollusks. The newly developed GAL4 factor-based yeast two-hybrid system can be used as a valuable tool for identification and quantification of compounds active in disturbing RXR and PPAR of bivalves.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2022
·
IF 6.911
Xiaochong Song,Qing Luo,Xiaojia Huang
A new strategy based on online hyphenation of magnetism-enhanced in-tube solid phase microextraction (ME-SPME) and HPLC was developed for speciation of organotin compounds (OTCs) in water and seafood samples. Task specific porous polymer embedded magnetic nanoparticles (TPM) was fabricated in capillary and utilized as the microextraction column (MEC) of ME-SPME. The implement of magnetic field during extraction duration obviously improved extraction efficiencies of prepared TPM/MEC towards studied TOCs from 48.0-77.0% to 84.2–99.7%. Under the optimized extraction parameters, sensitive and automatic approach for the quantification of TOCs was developed by online hyphenation of ME-SPME and HPLC with fluorescence detection. The limits of detection for water and seafood samples were in the ranges of 0.0030–1.5 μg/L and 0.71–14 μg/kg, respectively. The established method was employed to measure low contents of studied OTCs in actual samples, and the recoveries at different fortified contents varied from 80.2% to 116% with satisfactory reproducibility (RSDs below 10%). In addition, confirmation experiments were adopted to inspect the accuracy of introduced method.
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MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2021
·Vol. 223
·期 2
·2100341
·
IF 2.527
Yuhang Zhang,Rui Li,Lijing Chang,Yang Ma,Yanjun Hou,Haijun Niu
The development prospect of conductive electrochromic (EC) polymers requires the design of polymers with high performance and good stability. Here, a new scheme is designed to enhance EC properties by adjusting the monomer molecular structure. Four monomers with different structures based on thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) are designed and synthesized. The corresponding polymer films (P1, P2, P3, and P4) are prepared by electrochemical polymerization at low applied potential. The spatial structure–performance relationship of precursors with different structures and polymers is systematically discussed. In the electropolymerization experiments, it is noted that P3 has no EC property. This may be connected to the spatial structure of P3 polymerization which is not suitable for charge transporting. By contrast, the other three polymers exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. The diffusion rate higher of P1 has also been corroborated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectrum. The P1 film has the best stability and fastest colorized time among the samples; such superior electrochemical property may be associated with the closely stacked formed by the unique sheet-like spatial structure. The design of the space structure has a significant impact on the optical and electrical properties of the polymer film.
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RSC Advances
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 62
·39291-39305
·
IF 3.361
Rui Li,Haoran Xu,Yuhang Zhang,Lijing Chang,Yang Ma,Yanjun Hou,Shoulei Miao,Cheng Wang
Pyrene is composed of four benzene rings and has a unique planar melting ring structure. Pyrene is the smallest condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and its unique structural properties have been extensively studied. Pyrene has excellent properties such as thermal stability, high fluorescence quantum efficiency and high carrier mobility. This paper mainly used thiophene, EDOT and triphenylamine groups to enhance the pyrene based π-conjugated system and control the molecular accumulation of organic semiconductors, and improve their charge transport performances. Five kinds of polymer were synthesized and correspondingly characterized. The five kinds of pyrene conductive polymer had outstanding properties in terms of solubility, fluorescence intensity and thermal stability, good film-forming properties, stable electrochromic properties and high coloring efficiency. The coloration efficiency (CE) of PPYTP was as high as 277 cm2 C−1, and the switching response time was short. The coloring time of PPYEDOT was 1.3 s and the bleaching time was 3.2 s. The lower impedance will also provide the possibility of such polymers being incorporated into electrochromic devices in the future. In short, the synthesized new pyrene conductive polymers will have wide application prospects in the field of electrochromic materials.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 36
·50926
·
IF 3.125
Haoran Xu,Yanjun Hou,Rui Li,Lijing Chang,Yang Ma,Shoulei Miao,Haijun Niu
Two donor units (D)-acceptor units (A) type monomers were synthesized by Stille coupling reaction, and then three D-A type hybrid polymers based on 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and various benzodiazoles were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. Spectroelectrochemical and kinetic studies of these polymers showed that all polymer films exhibited excellent electrochromic behavior, obvious optical contrast, and excellent stability. Among them, the response time of P3 film was the shortest ( t c = 1.6 s, t b = 2.2 s), the coloring efficiency of P2 film was the highest ( CE = 333 cm 2 ·C −1 ), and the stability of P1 was the best (the ΔT loss of P1 after 1000 s cycles is only 2.3%). Therefore, these data prove that these new polymers have great potential in applications as electrochromic materials.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2020
·
IF 6.793
Jing Zhan,Xiaoran Ma,Donghui Liu,Yiran Liang,Peize Li,Jingna Cui,Zhiqiang Zhou,Peng Wang
Tributyltin (TBT), an organotin compound once widely used in agriculture and industry, has been reported to induce obesity and endocrine disruption. Gut microbiota has a strong connection with the host’s physiology. Nevertheless, the influences of TBT exposure on gut microbiota and whether TBT-influenced gut microbiota is related to TBT-induced toxicity remain unclear. To fill these gaps, ICR (CD-1) mice were respectively exposed to TBT at NOEL (L-TBT) and tenfold NOEL (H-TBT) daily by gavage for 8 weeks in the current study. The results showed that TBT exposure significantly increased body weight as well as epididymal fat, and led to adipocyte hypertrophy, dyslipidemia and impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis in mice. Additionally, TBT exposure significantly decreased the levels of T4, T3 and testosterone in serum. Also of note, TBT exposure changed gut microbiota composition mainly by decreasing Bacteroidetes and increasing Firmicutes proportions. To confirm the role of gut microbiota in TBT-induced overweight and hormonal disorders, fecal microbiota transplantation was performed and the mice receiving gut microbiota from H-TBT mice had similar phenotypes with their donor mice including significant body weight and epididymal fat gain, glucose and insulin dysbiosis and hormonal disorders. These results suggested that gut microbiome altered by TBT exposure was involved in the TBT-induced increased body weight, impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis and endocrine disruption in mice, providing significant evidence and a novel perspective for better understanding the mechanism by which TBT induces toxicity.
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