Structured porous carbon materials have been extensively applied for catalyst, sensor, adsorbent, energy storage materials and many others. However, the preparation of such carbon materials in a controllable way remains a significant challenge. In this work, 3D printing has been employed to prepare porous carbon structures with tailorable pore sizes. A starch/gelatin ink has been applied as carbon source with SiO 2 monodispersed spheres as hard template. The process exhibits an excellent printing accuracy. Controllable meso and macro structures can be thereby obtained. The printed monolithic structures have been used as metal-free catalysts for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol, as an illustration. The monolithic and meso/macro-porous structure has a remarkable influence on the reaction rate. A high conversion with high benzaldehyde selectivity has been achieved. The 3D printing strategy provides us a simple, low cost and reliable way of fabricating carbon structures with designable meso/macro-pores, which is promising for many other applications beyond catalysis.
Manufacturing complexity and poor machinability hinder the preparation of complex-shaped ceramic composites. Three-dimensional printing can overcome this difficulty. Herein, we report a type of photocurable preceramic resin containing SiO 2 nanoparticles (up to 20 wt% of polymer), which do not affect the photocurability of the preceramic resin, and a small amount of SiC nanofibres (1 wt%). We successfully printed precise green bodies with a complex shape by digital light processing and converted them into ceramic composites via pyrolysis at 1300 °C under a N 2 atmosphere. The introduction of SiO 2 and SiC into the ceramic composites led to reduced weight loss of the composites during pyrolysis and a decrease in their porosity and enhancement in their mechanical properties after pyrolysis. The properties of the printed samples pyrolysed at different ramping rates were compared, and the effects of the microstructure on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.
Conducting polymer hydrogels are emerging as a promising class of materials that combine the advantageous features of conventional hydrogels and organic conductors, and would potentially be used in many applications, especially for energy storage devices. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional synthesis, this work describes the use of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid as the gelator and dopant for rapidly fabricating hierarchical nanostructured polyaniline (PAni) hydrogel with excellent electronic conductivity and electrochemical properties. Owing to 3D porous nanostructures and high surface area, the PAni hydrogel exhibits potential as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes with specific capacitance over 420 F g −1 . Furthermore, the rapidly formed PAni hydrogel was first used for 3D multilayer printing of micro-patterns due to the unique synthesis method and desirable processability. Taken together, these results suggest that the PAni hydrogel networks exhibit highly useful for a broad range of applications.
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