Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
·
2018
·
IF 1.262
Hui Zhang,Huijie Jiang,Xiaojing Zhang,Shengqiang Tong,Jizhong Yan
Triterpenoids are the major secondary metabolites and active substances in Ganoderma, considered as the “marker compounds” for the chemical evaluation or standardization of Ganoderma. A response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of triterpenoids. The extraction rate was 7.338 ± 0.150 mg/g under the optimum conditions: 87% ethanol, ratio of solid to liquid (w : v) 1 : 28, and ultrasound extraction time 36 min. Based on the high sensitivity and selectivity of HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn, 24 components of triterpenoids were tentatively identified in the negative mode. Then, the global chemical profiling consisting of HPLC and TLC fingerprints generated by ChemPattern™ software was developed for evaluation of Ganoderma species. For fingerprint analysis, 11 peaks of triterpenoids were selected as the characteristic peaks to evaluate the similarities of different samples. The correlation coefficients of similarity were greater than 0.830. The cluster analysis showed a clear separation of three groups, and 11 peaks played key roles in differentiating these samples. The developed global chemical profiling method could be applied for rapid evaluation, quality control, and authenticity identification of Ganoderma and other herbal medicines.
研究领域:
药用植物学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
·
2018
·Vol. 221
·期 5
·
IF 3.179
Zhang Junjun,Wang Zhengwei,Wen Ping,Qu Yufeng,Tan Ken,Nieh James C.
The nectar of the thunder god vine, Tripterygium hypoglaucum , contains a terpenoid, triptolide (TRP), that may be toxic to the sympatric Asian honey bee, Apis cerana , because honey produced from this nectar is toxic to bees. However, these bees will forage on, recruit for, and pollinate this plant during a seasonal dearth of preferred food sources. Olfactory learning plays a key role in forager constancy and pollination, and we therefore tested the effects of acute and chronic TRP feeding on forager olfactory learning, using proboscis extension reflex conditioning. At concentrations of 0.5–10 µg TRP ml −1 , there were no learning effects of acute exposure. However, memory retention (1 h after the last learning trial) significantly decreased by 56% following acute consumption of 0.5 µg TRP ml −1 . Chronic exposure did not alter learning or memory, except at high concentrations (5 and 10 µg TRP ml −1 ). TRP concentrations in nectar may therefore not significantly harm plant pollination. Surprisingly, TRP slightly increased bee survival, and thus other components in T. hypoglaucum honey may be toxic. Long-term exposure to TRP could have colony effects but these may be ameliorated by the bees’ aversion to T. hypoglaucum nectar when other food sources are available and, perhaps, by detoxification mechanisms. The co-evolution of this plant and its reluctant visitor may therefore likely illustrate a classic compromise between the interests of both actors.
研究领域:
生态学
·
昆虫学
·
植物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2020
·
IF 3.067
Jing Huang,Kun Wang,Song Zuo,Lei Chen,Zhongyang Ding,Mohamed El-shazly,Bo-Bo Zhang
Sanghuangporus species are precious edible and medicinal fungi that are traditionally used in Asian countries. Triterpenoids, the major bioactive constituents of Sanghuangporus spp. are currently receiving a lot of attention from the scientific community due to their potent pharmacological activities. However, very few reports have been conducted about the possibility of adjusting the fermentation conditions to increase the triterpenoids yield from certain fungi such as Sanghuangporus baumii . In this study, we examined the effects of four different extracts from mulberry shavings on the production of triterpenoids and traced the major components from the effective extracts by GC-MS to provide a reference for further exploration of the triterpenoids synthetic mechanism. It was found that unsaturated fatty acids significantly promoted the production of triterpenoids. The results suggested a direct correlation between the degree of unsaturation of fatty acid and the triterpenoids yield. The best stimulatory additive was linolenic acid . It increased the triterpenoids yield to 573 mg/L, which was 2.53 times higher than the control. This study not only showed that addition of mulberry shavings extract was an efficient fermentation protocol to improve the triterpenoids yield of S. baumii , but it also highlighted the importance of fatty acid content in the production of triterpenoids.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
药理学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.2
Fidelis Azi,Xiaomei Dai,Yuxiang Hong,Liqing Yin,Mingsheng Dong,Peng Xu
Plant-derived oleanolic and ursolic acids are sought-after triterpenoid sapogenins used in modern curative and preventive medicines. Several plant species have been overexploited for triterpenoid sapogenin extraction. In this study, we reconfigured the metabolic fingerprints of Ganoderma lucidum and produced oleanolic and ursolic acids, ganoderic acids, and meroterpenoids. Oleanolic and ursolic acids were first synthesized in the medicinal mushroom by expressing amyrin-synthases and beta-amyrin 28-monooxygenase from plants. The production of sapogenin precursors (2,3-oxidosqualene) and ganoderic acid was enhanced by reconstructing the mushroom terpenoid biosynthetic pathway using a new terpenoid gene cluster recovered from the mycelium. Overexpression of the VeA–VelB velvet and LaeA proteins upregulated secondary metabolism and stimulated the hyperproduction of a renoprotective meroterpenoid. The VeA–VelB velvet and LaeA protein variants developed a radically distinctive yellow phenotype that has not yet been reported in any of the mushroom mycelial variants. CRISPR-AsCpf1-based lanosterol synthase editing repressed the competing ganoderic acid pathway and further enhanced 2,3-oxidosqualene accumulation and triterpenoid sapogenin biosynthesis. The oleanolic and ursolic acid titer reached 1.478 g L−1 and 0.87 g L−1, respectively, when the fermentation conditions were optimized in a 5 L lab bioreactor. This study presents fascinating metabolic engineering strategies that remodel Ganoderma's metabolic route and produce oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, ganoderic acids, and meroterpenoids. These new strains could replace wild plant species as a green source of triterpenoid sapogenins.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
代谢工程
·
药用植物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 3.1
Rong Zhenji,Yu Chunping,Wang Xin,Wang Ruyue,Gao Yang,Zhang Hailong
Blue honeyberry is a well-known nutritious fruit. Meanwhile, it is also an Oroqen herb in China. However, the chemical constituent of the leaves of the plant is little known, despite having better anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we investigated the chemical constituents of blue honeyberry leaves and screened their anti-inflammatory effects in RAW264.7 cells. Thirty-nine compounds including a new fernane-type triterpenoid were isolated and identified using various chromatographic approaches and spectroscopic techniques. The new compound and some other components showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells, in which compounds 6 and 38 exhibited the inhibition of 40.6 ± 4.8% and 46.0 ± 1.4% at the concentration of 100 μM, respectively, without inducing any cytotoxicity.
研究领域:
植物化学
·
药理学
·
天然产物研究
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Phytochemistry Letters
·
2025
·
IF 1.4
Yan-Mei Wu,Jing-Ya Mo,Yong-Yan Mei,Quan Liu,Yuan-Yuan Huang,Bei Zhou,Yi-Hang Li,Yan-Chun Wu,Jing-Quan Yuan
Trichodones D-F ( 1 - 3 ), three previously undescribed polyketide compounds featuring conjugated α - β -unsaturated ketone moieties, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma protrudens associated with the semi-mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. The structural elucidation of these compounds was accomplished through the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra, complemented by HR-ESI-MS data. The absolute configurations were determined through comparative analysis of experimental CD and calculated ECD spectra. Additionally, the cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 - 3 against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 were evaluated using the CCK8 assay. Notably, compound 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC 50 values of 22.7 μM and 55.1 μM, respectively.
研究领域:
药理学
·
有机化学
·
肿瘤学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Yanwei Yang,Shuaichao Wang,Lei Liu,Bolin Yue,Peilan Qi,Mengke Zhang,Shiyong Song
Carrier materials always account for the majority particularly in nanosized formulations, which are administrated along with the active ingredient part might result in metabolism related toxicity. The usage of bioactive excipients could not only reduce the sided effect but also provide additional therapeutic effects. In the present study, a triterpene based micellar drug delivery system was developed using a bioactive solanesol derivative. Solanesylamine was prepared firstly followed by conjugating with poly (ethylene glycol) using maleic acid amide linkage. The amphiphilic drug carrier PEGylated (2-propyl-3-methylmaleic acid)-block-solanesol amine (mPEG-CDM-NH-SOL) could be formed into micelles and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) inside. The micelles were about 112 nm in size and the drug loading content was about 5.97 wt%. An acid triggered drug release behavior was obviously observed for the DOX loaded pH-sensitive micelle mPEG-CDM-NH-SOL-DOX. While not for DOX-loaded micelles without pH-sensitivity (mPEG-NHS-NH-SOL). CCK8 assay showed that the micelles of PEGylated solanesylamines exhibited certain inhibitory effect on tumor cells at high concentration and the pH sensitive ones seemed more toxic. In vivo studies showed that the pH sensitive mPEG-CDM-NH-SOL-DOX had a superior anti-tumor effect, indicating its great potential in cancer treatment.
研究领域:
药学
·
肿瘤学
·
生物材料学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM
·
2024
·Vol. 46
·期 3
·1-11
·
IF 2.4
Wu Wenqing,Li Simeng,Gu Wei,Tian Rong,Luo Man,Tang Junjie,Tang Min,Wu Yinzhi
Alismatis rhizoma is an essential medicine in clinical practice. Asian water plantain ( Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep) is one of the original plants of Alismatis rhizoma. Previous studies have identified the optimal light intensity range for the growth and development of A. orientale , but the mechanism by which light intensity affects the accumulation of secondary metabolites of A. orientale is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of light intensity on the accumulation of triterpenoids in A. orientale saplings and its potential molecular mechanism. The dry weight and contents of total triterpenes and indicative components (alisol B 23-acetate and alisol C 23-acetate) as well as the expression of key enzyme genes in the triterpene biosynthesis pathway under different light intensities (50–600 μmol m −2 ·s −1 ) were determined. The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter and the contents of total triterpenes, alisol B 23-acetate, and alisol C 23-acetate increase first and then decrease with increasing light intensity, with the maximum values of 31.65 g, 18.35 mg·g −1 , 1.91 mg·g −1 , and 0.13 mg·g −1 recorded at light intensities of 400, 200, and both of 300 μmol m −2 ·s −1 , respectively. Light intensities of 200–400 μmol m −2 ·s −1 promote the expressions of key enzyme genes and the accumulation of total triterpenes significantly. Correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of key enzyme genes are significantly correlated with total triterpene and indicative component contents, and these correlations are strongest under moderate light intensities. Overall, our results reveal that a moderate light intensity of 200–400 μmol m −2 ·s −1 is beneficial for the growth and synthesis of protostane triterpenes in A. orientale seedlings, and that its probable mechanism involves the upregulated expression of enzymes that are key in the synthesis of triterpenoid ingredients. This study clarified the suitable light intensity range for the synthesis and accumulation of protostane triterpenes of A. orientale , which provided scientific basis for the production of high-quality superior forms of A. orientale .
研究领域:
生药学
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植物生理学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2022
·Vol. 27
·期 9
·2618
·
IF 4.927
Jiao Zhou,Xinyue Lin,Shuangshuang Liu,Zhanbin Wang,Dongchao Liu,Yonghong Huo,Dehai Li
Inonotus hispidushas various health-promoting activities, such as anticancer effects and immune-stimulating activity. The commercialization of valuable plant triterpenoids faces major challenges, including low abundance in natural hosts and costly downstream purification procedures. In this work, orthogonal design was used to compound methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), oleic acid, and Cu2+, and the effects of combinations on the total triterpenes biosynthesized were studied. The optimal combination was screened out and its effect on the activity of PAL, CAT, and SOD was studied. The optimal concentration of oleic acid was 2% when MeJA was 100 mol/L, and the total triterpenoid content and mycelia production were 3.918 g and 85.17 mg/g, respectively. MeJA treatment induced oxidative stress, and at the same time increased the activity of related defense enzymes. Oleic acid is thought to regulate cell permeability by recombining cell membranes. It promotes the material exchange process between cells and the environment without affecting cell growth. When oleic acid was used in combination with MeJA, a synergistic effect on triterpene production was observed. In conclusion, our findings provide a strategy for triterpenoid enrichment ofI. hispidus.Keywords:Inonotus hispidus;combination of elicitors;defense enzyme;triterpenoid
研究领域:
药理学
·
真菌学
·
生物化学
·
天然产物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FITOTERAPIA
·
2025
·
IF 2.6
Han Wang,Meiling Tai,Wanzhao Li,Yawen Li,Zhimeng Zhang,Dongli Zhang,Lishe Gan,Junhao Li,Xiaojuan Song,Honghong Qiu,Manmei Li,Heyun Zhang,Zhong Liu
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the important signs of cellular and even individual aging. Ganoderma lucidum is a common edible and medicinal mushroom, widely used as a functional food in Asia. This study investigated the potential anti-aging effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE). Our results demonstrated that GLE alleviated cellular oxidative stress, reduced the abnormal increase of mitochondrial ROS in aging cells, and maintained mitochondrial membrane integrity and inner membrane potential. Additionally, GLE affected mitochondrial biogenesis in aging cells. In a murine photoaging model, GLE treatment mitigated UVA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction while markedly attenuating UVA-triggered epidermal thickening and dermal protein depletion. These properties may be interrelated with the presence of abundant triterpenoids identified by LC-MS analysis.
研究领域:
细胞生物学
·
分子生物学
·
药理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 4.006
Ming Cai,Hua Mu,Haoyong Xing,Zhenhao Li,Jing Xu,Wei Liu,Kai Yang,Peilong Sun
Ganoderma lucidum spores (GLS) constitute a healthy food for humans, but the hard spore shells are difficult to digest. In this study, digestive properties of GLS in different forms (sporoderm-unbroken, sporoderm-broken [SB-GLS] and sporoderm-removed [SR-GLS]) were investigated in vitro digestion and fermentation. After simulated digestion, morphologies of all three spores changed slightly. After gastric and intestinal digestion, the amounts of polysaccharides in each digestive residue of GLS, SB-GLS and SR-GLS were greatly reduced, by approximately 90.3%, 96.5% and 99.2%, respectively. Triterpenoid quantities in the digestive residues were higher than those before digestion because the absolute weight of residue decreased. Total triterpenoid contents of GLS, SB-GLS and SR-GLS after digestion were 9.2 ± 0.8, 24.7 ± 1.3, and 32.5 ± 1.1 mg/g, respectively. The amounts of CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2 found in the water and alcohol extracts of SR-GLS were similar, but the amount of H 2 in the alcohol extract was higher. In terms of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, propionic, butyric and valeric acids found in the water extracts were more abundant than those in alcohol extracts, which suggests that the polysaccharides were particularly important for SCFA production. This finding indicates that SR-GLS for the water extract has stronger metabolic promotion effects and better anti-inflammatory properties.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
微生物学
·
植物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
·
2025
·
IF 11.5
Yuwen Song,Tingting Xu,Hao Li,Jing Liu,Shumin Cao,Yichen Yang,Nianlu Li,Peiwen Lv,Min Han,Haohan Sun,Guangfu Dang,Jianxin Li,Hao Sun,Tao Xin,Huitang Xia,CanWei Zhang
Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. However, CoNV remains challenging to cure clinically because of the limitations of current drugs. New and more effective therapeutic formulations for CoNV treatment are therefore urgently needed. Antisense oligonucleotide drugs hold great promise for the treatment of neovascular diseases, and ionizable cationic lipid nanoparticles (icLNPs) have shown excellent performance for nucleic acid delivery, with high encapsulation, good cellular uptake, and effective endosomal escape. In the present study, we identified integrin β1 ( Itgb1 ) as a key gene involved in angiogenesis and revealed the significant upregulation of Flt1 in vascular endothelial cells and pericytes in CoNV using single-cell sequencing. Itgb1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and CoNV in mice. Based on these findings, we developed Itgb1 -small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded icLNPs, and conjugated anti-Flt1 peptide to their surface to improve CoNV targeting. Furthermore, because lipid nanoparticles reportedly trigger immune responses by upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, which may promote neovascularization, we modified triptolide (a compound with anti-inflammatory properties) into the icLNPs. The triptolide-modified, anti-Flt1 peptide-conjugated, and Itgb1 -siRNA-loaded icLNPs ( Itgb1 -siRNA@TPL) effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells in vitro and CoNV in mice after eye drop administration. These effects occurred via downregulation of the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, the biosafety of Itgb1 -siRNA@TPL was tested, and the results revealed that it was not toxic to the cornea or major organs and had no impact on corneal epithelial healing. In conclusion, Itgb1 -siRNA@TPL represent a novel, noninvasive, and effective approach for the treatment of CoNV.
研究领域:
医学
·
分子生物学
·
药剂学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）