Coatings
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 4
·149
·
IF 2.35
Sean Bowman,Xiaoyu Hu,Qiuran Jiang,Yiping Qiu,Wanshuang Liu,Yi Wei
Graphene oxide (GO) modified with ferrites (GO@Fe3O4) were studied to determine their effect on the interfacial properties of continuous carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. The GO@Fe3O4were introduced by mixing them directly in an acrylic-styrene (AS) sizing emulsion suitable for the making of continuous carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics and towpregs. A magnetic field was then generated during the online sizing using coils in order to change the morphology of the coating on the fiber. The effect on the obtained sizing quality and final properties of continuous carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites was then studied. The results showed that the topography of the sized fibers was modified, showing a kind of “drag” effect and more than a 32% increase was obtained for interlaminar shear strength.Keywords:carbon fiber;sizing;coating;composites;graphene oxide
研究领域:
材料科学
·
工程学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2019
·Vol. 11
·期 9
·1528
·
IF 3.164
Zhenyu Wang,Huijun Guo,Hang Zhou,Xinfeng Ouyang,Di Jiang,Jianhua Li,Qipeng Guo,Jun Tang,Chuncai Yang
Herein, we report self-emulsifying anionic unsaturated polyester emulsions with different chain segments as novel sizing agents. The epoxy modified unsaturated polyester emulsions were synthesized via a self-emulsifying technique with no organic solvents. Emulsions were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, centrifuge, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM). The results showed that the emulsions obtained were mono-dispersed nanospheres that had adequate colloidal stability. The maximum Zeta potential of the sizing agent is −52.88 mV. In addition, these emulsions were investigated as the sizing agents in order to improve interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers (CFs) and unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Compared with the CFs sized with the commercial epoxy sizing agent, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF/UPR composites from the CFs sized by these emulsion sizing agents with three different chain structures were enhanced by 25%, 29%, and 42%, respectively. The emulsion sizing agent composed of a flexible segment synthesized from adipic acid, neopentyl glycol, and maleic anhydride is most effective and can achieve the highest enhancement of the ILSS of CF/UPR composites.Keywords:carbon fiber;unsaturated polyester;sizing agent;ILSS
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
复合材料工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 8.528
Hanxiong Lyu,Naiyu Jiang,Jiqiang Hu,Yingze Li,Nan Zhou,Dongxing Zhang
The weak interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix needs to be improved for obtaining good mechanical properties of carbon fiber/polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composites due to the inert nature of both components. Organic sizing is a typical interface improvement method, but it is harmful to both the human and local environment. Here, a two-step process is proposed to modify PEEK for preparing an environmentally friendly water-based sizing agent, involving taking the ketone reduction via NaBH 4 and then an esterification reaction with phosphoric acid . This PEEK derivative has good thermal stability , and its dispersion in water is stable for one month. It improves the interface between CF and PEEK by increasing the wettability and surface roughness of CFs, ultimately enhancing the mechanical properties of composites. The two-step process of fabricating the PEEK derivative may have potentials in the industrial application of the polyaryletherketone family.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
复合材料工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 6
·773
·
IF 4.9
Wen Liu,Mudasir Ahmad,Pengfei Song,Qianli Fang,Qingchao Li,Guoqing Huang,Chuncai Yang
Sizing agents are essential to address the increasing demands of enhanced carbon fibers (CFs), where increasing interfacial adhesion and the analysis of mechanical properties are achieved for critical engineering applications. In this work, five types of self-emulsifying sizing agents, featuring organic polymer–inorganic nano zinc oxide (ZnO) core-shell structures with varying crosslinked polymer densities in the core, were synthesized using self-emulsifying technology through a one-pot, in situ synthetic process. This study revealed that these sizing agents exhibited a uniform particle size distribution within the range of 100–200 nm, along with excellent storage stability and thermal stability up to 300 °C. The optimized sizing agent significantly enhanced the surface properties of CFs, achieving a surface roughness of 6.04 nm and a surface energy of 74.81 mJ/m2. Moreover, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural strength of CF/epoxy resin (EP) composites modified with the synthesized sizing agent increased by 86% and 86.43%, respectively, compared to unoptimized composites. These improvements in mechanical properties are attributed to enhanced stress transfer at the CF/EP interface, facilitated by the interlocking mechanism of the nano ZnO particle shell and the superior anti-pressure resistance provided by the crosslinked organic polymer core.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2021
·Vol. 42
·期 4
·1741-1751
·
IF 3.171
Yifan Chen,Lei Ding,Mingzhuo Chai,Li Liu,Yudong Huang
The epoxy resin was modified by hyperbranched structure of hydroxyl terminated to obtain waterborne epoxy resin for using as the carbon fiber (CF) sizing agent. By mixing method of waterborne epoxy resin and water, the waterborne epoxy sizing agent can be fabricated directly. In the sizing process, free of volatile organic solvents ensure the safety of operators and environment. Moreover, the introduction of tertiary amine group in hyperbranched structure will promote the reaction between epoxy and hydroxyl groups, and thus enhance the bonding strength between CF and epoxy resin. Results showed that the introduction of sizing agent does not sacrifice the CF single fiber tensile strength. The structure of epoxy resin retained in sizing agent is beneficial to the good wettability between CF and epoxy resin according to surface energy results. Interfacial shear strength value increases from 51.75 to 72.34 MPa, and interlaminar shear strength value increases from 80.32 to 90.34 MPa. These mechanical properties show that hyperbranched epoxy resin sizing agent with a large amount of hydroxyl groups can effectively improving the interface adhesion between CF and epoxy resin, showing a broad application prospect in composite materials field.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
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2017
·Vol. 17
·期 2
·1360-1366
·
IF 1.483
Ge Heyi,Wang Cuicui,Wang Ting,Liu Zhifang
In this paper, a method was proposed for obtaining a stable and homogeneous Pickering emulsion for carbon fiber (CF) sizing agent. Graphene oxide (GO) sheets and surfactants as the mixed emulsifiers system, epoxy resin as the primary film former, the CF sizing agent emulsion was developed
by phase inversion emulsification method based on the stability principle of Pickering emulsion. Meanwhile, the factors that affected the performances of the emulsion, including the size of GO sheets and pH value, were investigated intensively by centrifuge, electrophoresis apparatus and laser
particle size analyzer. According to scanning electron microscope observation, the CF surface was coated with GO and film former. The static contact angle tests indicated the wetting performance between the sized CF and epoxy resin was improved. Moreover, the tensile strength of single CF
sized with the Pickering emulsion showed an increase compared with that of T700 CF. This research shows the huge potential for the fabrication of GO-based Pickering emulsion for CF sizing agent.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
·
2020
·
IF 4.915
Lanqing Fang,Tingtian Qiu,Quan Yang,Lingqiang Kong,Fei Yan,Mengjie Zhang,Yu Liu,Liu Liu,Yuhui Ao
In this study, a novel UV-resistant hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) was designed and processed into a series of waterborne sizing agents for short carbon fiber (SCF). The content of functional groups on the SCF surface was subsequently increased, leading to improvement of the interfacial adhesion of SCF/polyamide6 (PA6) composites. According to the mechanical property results, SCF/PA6 composites with 0.5 wt% sizing agent showed the best reinforcing effect, with the tensile and bending strength increased by 41.4% and 26.4%, respectively. The mechanisms for the enhancement of the interfacial adhesion by sizing agent were investigated. Noteworthy, the mechanical properties of the sizing SCF/PA6 composites remained about 99% after a week of uninterrupted UV aging treatment, indicating the excellent UV resistance of the nTiO 2 grafted HBPU sizing agent.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.2
Jing Meng,Ruiyan Ni,Ziyu Zhou,Jiawen Zhang,Narendra Reddy,Xiaohui Mao,Wenfeng Hu,Xiaoyun Xu,Xian Li,Jinlian Hu,Yi Zhao
The development of green and reversible yarn coatings is essential for addressing the intelligent and sustainable weaving demands of the global textile industry. However, current sizing agents, primarily reliant on non-covalent interfacial interactions, encounter significant challenges, including insufficient mechanical properties, substantial desizing effluent production, and non-biodegradability. Herein, a green, smart, redox-responsive keratin-based sizing agent has been developed, inspired by the natural dynamic covalent behavior of disulfide bonds. By enhancing covalent disulfide switches at the size/yarn interface and within the sizing films while reducing random coil conformations, this keratin sizes demonstrates markedly improved adhesion to cotton fibers and increased film fracture energy, with enhancements of approximately 47% and 550%, respectively. Its reductive responsiveness facilitates easy removal, achieving up to 99.9% desizing efficiency at a bath ratio of 1:10 under ambient temperature conditions. The sulfhydryl-enrichment modification of feather keratins promotes reversible protein conformational changes and controllable covalent bonding during both sizing and desizing processes. Life cycle analysis (LCA) indicates an 87.3% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to conventional petroleum-based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sizes, alongside additional energy and water savings attributable to the simplified desizing process and mild operating conditions associated with the keratin-based agents.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织工程
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Bioresources and Bioprocessing
·
2025
·Vol. 12
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 5.1
Pan Xing,Qin Daen,Song Kaili,Dong Aixue
The development of biodegradable and environmental friendly wrap sizing agent is beneficial for reducing the impact of textile desizing effluent on environment. In this work, green and biodegradable keratin sizing agent with enhanced toughness and tenacity was prepared by adjusting side chain tails structure via thiol-ene click chemistry grafting modification for warp yarn slashing against film thermal-embrittlement and fracture during weaving. Feather keratin from waste feather has become an attractive target to replace petroleum-based Poly (vinyl alcohol) sizes due to its easy film-forming ability, excellent adhesive property, biodegradability and low cost. However, keratin yarn coating showed brittleness and easily peeled off from weaving yarn which highly restrict its application. Thus, polymer branched side chain tails with a structure that similar to the wrap yarn was grafted onto keratin molecular chain by utilizing its distinctive thio group as anchor point by means of click chemistry. The results showed that grafting modification could obviously improve the adhesiveness of keratin sizing by the principle of similarity compatibility. The sizing performance, desizing performance as well as its degradability were comprehensively studied. Successful utilization of modified keratin sizes will bring opportunities for the green and sustainable development of textile industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2015
·Vol. 132
·期 16
·
IF 1.768
Heyi Ge,Xiaolong Ma,Huashi Liu
A modified resin was synthesized through the reaction between dodecylamine and tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM), which was used as the film former of sizing agent for carbon fiber (CF). The sizing agents were prepared through phase inversion emulsification method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to analyze the modified resin. Particle sizes of the sizing agents were tested to evaluate their stabilities. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results demonstrated that the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the modified TGDDM is much higher than the T g of the cured epoxy resin E-44. The influences of the sizing treatment on CF were investigated by abrasion resistance, fluffs, and stiffness tests. The maximum abrasion resistance increased by 172.8%, compared with the abrasion resistance of the desized CF. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) results of the CF/TGDDM composites indicated that the interfacial adhesion between CF and matrix resin was greatly improved after CF was sized. The maximum ILSS value could obtain a 29.16% improvement, compared with the ILSS of the desized CF composite. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41882.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Natural Fibers
·
2023
·
IF 3.5
Jingyao Li,Chuanxiao Zuo,Jiwen Si,Weikun Ning,Peiping Zhang,Wenqing Li,Qian Gao,Cundi Wei,Shiding Miao
The continuous basalt fibers (BFs) dyed with cationic dyes (RhB) were prepared through one-step drawing strategy using miscible liquids of phosphorylating starch (PS) cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium silicate (SS) as infiltration agents. The new method of dyeing was relied on the residual temperature of melt drawing, and the dye molecules were lubricated onto fibers firmly. Different means were used to characterize the color fibers, and a compact layer was formed on the fiber surface. The prepared composite fibers (PVA-SS-PS-RhB/BF) exhibited stable color fastness (washing and rubbing fastness achieved to 4–5 grade). The crosslinking significantly improved the water resistance with dissolved residue up to 80%, and the heightened glass transition temperature was observed. The breaking force of dyed fibers was observed to be 50.3% higher than that of raw fibers, and the breaking elongation was 71.8% higher than the original fibers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Carbon Letters
·
2025
·
IF 5.8
Deng Pengfei,Wang Shuangquan,Zhang Qiuxue,Li Songsong,Deng Yunjiao,Fu Zhongyu,Zhou Chao,Zhang Huixuan
Poor bonding occurs with resin due to surface inertness of carbon fiber (CF), so CF surfaces were often treated. In some common surface treatments, sizing was a simple and effective modification method. Polyurethane (PU) was used as the main component of sizing agents due to its similar structure to polyamide 6 (PA6). The CF/PA6 composites’ interfacial properties were improved using PU as a sizing agent. Meanwhile, in this paper, glycidol (GLD) was introduced into the PU emulsion so that the epoxy group reacted with the carboxyl group on the acidified CF. After testing, when the content of glycidyl in the sizing agent is 2%, the CF/PA6 composites showed an important improvement in tensile, impact, and flexural strengths, which increased by 49.4%, 94.6%, and 53.2%, respectively. In addition, the effect of modified WPU sizing agents with different GLD contents on the properties of CF/PA6 composites was investigated.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
复合材料
·
表面改性
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）