The magnetic Hexamethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (HDTMP)-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HD-MHAP) were firstly prepared and applied for the immobilization of radioactive Sr 2+ (Strontium ion) and Co 2+ (Cobalt ion). The molar ratio of organic phosphine in HDTMP to total phosphorus was 10% (10HD-MHAP) and can also be easily separated from aqueous solution. At the equilibrium concentration of Sr 2+ and Co 2+ (200 mg/L), the adsorption capacity of MHAP and 10HD-MHAP on Co 2+ was 28.4 mg/g and 172.3 mg/g, respectively and for Sr 2+ , the adsorption capacity was 54.9 mg/g and 320.7 mg/g. Additionally, the desorption percentage of Sr 2+ (%) and Co 2+ (%) was very low, which was 0.66 and 1.61, respectively. This is significant because the irreversible adsorption of HDTMP/Fe 3 O 4 /HAP composite for Sr 2+ and Co 2+ ensures the captured radionuclides will not be released back into the aquatic systems. Moreover, the affinity between HDTMP and HAP and the coordination of HDTMP and Sr 2+ or Co 2+ was probed by Multiwfn wavefunction analysis. The results indicated that the formation of a ternary surface complex of MHAP-HDTMP-M (Sr 2+ or Co 2+ ) was the key to the excellent immobilization performance of HD-MHAP composite for Sr 2+ or Co 2+ .
Topical fluid foam has a considerable application value in the field of topical medicine due to benefits such as simple uniform distribution on the skin’s surface, ease of use, and good patient compliance. The longevity of topical fluid foam is crucial in assessing its therapeutic success, particularly in complicated heat and salt settings. Nanoparticles could improve the stability of topical fluid foam, but their density, size, homogeneity, and surface characteristics are difficult to be taken into consideration simultaneously, resulting in the unclear underlying molecular mechanism. In this work, the raspberry-like microspheres (RM) with a high cross-linked structure were synthesized using a simple one-step dispersion polymerization. The stabilizing foam function of RM in fluid foam was connected to their size, surface chemical characteristics, and foaming temperature. The effect of gravity on foam stability induced by liquid flow acceleration of RM competed fiercely with their size and surface chemical characteristics, and this competitive connection was highly influenced by temperature. The unique surface properties of RM1 (polymerization time of 1h) allowed for their irreversible adsorption at the gas-liquid interface following sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) adsorption. RM1 could counteract the harmful effect of gravity on foam stability at a high temperature of 60 oC, enhancing the surface elasticity of the liquid film and improving foam stability. This work is a fantastic starting point for the development of novel nanomaterials to improve the stability of topical fluid foam for pharmaceutical and medical applications.
Nanoparticle-stabilized foam fluid provided excellent efficiency in tertiary oil recovery, and a more appealing technique is to exploit reusable low-dimensional nanomaterials, which can achieve better oil-displacement efficiency during the period of global decarbonization. Herein, the magnetic quantum dots (MQDs) were synthesized and then modified by a silane-coupling ionic liquid (SIL) to produce unique quantum dots MQDs@SIL. A series of characterizations and foaming measurements reveal that MQDs@SIL with an average surface grafting density of 1.01 functional chains nm −2 at an ultra-low concentration (0.005 wt%) demonstrated distinct foam stability and salt resistance capability, as well as a unique defoaming performance in a constant magnetic field for regulated foam performance at high temperature. The stretched-straight functional chains and adequate hydrophilic-hydrophobic surface of MQDs@SIL substantially favor the nonreversible adsorption of MQDs@SIL on the gas–liquid interface, leading to an increased surface elasticity, and thus an enhanced foam stability. MQDs@SIL-stabilized foam liquid demonstrated exceptional plugging performance and achieved an enhanced oil recovery of 18.2 % in the stage of foam fluid flooding, exceeding most nanoparticle-stabilized foam fluids ever reported. Furthermore, MQDs@SIL with the unique magnetic property provided unique recycling and reusing benefits, emphasizing their potential applications for enhanced oil recovery.
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