Mei Guo,Yu Li,Kewen Du,Chaochao Qiu,Gang Dou,Guoxin Zhang
Improving specific energy of supercapacitors (SCs) at high power has been intensively investigated as a hot and challengeable topic. In this work, hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) materials with well-defined meso-/macro-pores are reported via the dehalogenation reaction of polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF) by NaNH 2 . The pore hierarchy is achievable mainly because of the coupled effects of NaNH 2 activation and the template/bubbling effects of byproducts of NaF and NH 3 . Electron microscopy studies and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements confirm that the structures of HPC samples contain multiple-scale pores assembled in a hierarchical pattern, and most of their volumes are contributed by mesopores. Aqueous symmetric supercapacitors (ASSCs) were fabricated using HPC-M7 materials, achieving an ultrahigh specific energy of 18.8 Wh kg −1 at specific power of 986.8 W kg −1 . Remarkably, at the ultrahigh power of 14.3 kW kg −1 , the HPC-ASSCs still output a very high specific energy of 16.7 Wh kg −1 , which means the ASSCs can be charged or discharged within 4 s. The outstanding rate capacitive performance is mainly benefited from the hierarchical porous structure that allows highly efficient ion diffusion.
A meso/macropore carbon nanotube paper (CNP) and a self-heating fiber reinforced polymer composite of CNP/glassfiber/epoxy (CGE) based on the meso/macropore CNP were fabricated in this article. The pore diameters mainly distribute from 30 to 90 nm characterized using nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K. The electric conductivities of the CNP and CGE composite are 77.8 and 64.9 S cm −1 . Electric heating performance of CGE was investigated at different heat flux densities , wind speed and ambient temperature. A uniform temperature distributed was observed on the surface of CGE detected by an infrared temperature camera. The electric heating performance was verified by deicing a certain amount of ice at different heat flux densities under two kinds of ambient conditions: −22 °C without wind and −22 °C with 14 m/s of the wind speed. The deicing time under the two conditions were less than 220 and 450 s, respectively. The feasibility of the deicing performance was demonstrated through a series of experiments and the results indicate this material is a promising candidate as an electric heating material for deicing.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）