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Extrusion plant microtube synthesis of micron-sized nitrogen-doped hollow porous carbon nanosheets for high rate and high energy density supercapacitors

Chong Chen,Jiacan Shao,Shaojie Qu,Li Xie,Wenjian Jiang,Keying Zhang,Xin Zhuo,Hongwei Shi,Hongyan Wang,Li Sun,Li Zhang,Guang Zhu

Hollow carbon nanosheets with predominant mesopores have been demonstrated as a promising electrode material for supercapacitor , but their low specific surface area with relatively low micropore proportion limits their specific capacitance and energy density . Herein, we develop a novel extrusion plant microtube strategy to synthesize micron-sized nitrogen-doped hollow porous carbon nanosheets (MNHPCS) from dandelion fluff having the specific natural thin-wall and hollow tubular bundled structure through high-pressure extrusion, carbonization and KOH activation. The optimized MNHPCS displays strutted bilayer nanosheet structure, large SSA of 1593 m 2 g −1 , high micoporosity of 71.2 % and high heteroatom content (5.2 at.% for N, 7.0 at.% for O). Importantly, MNHPCS prepared by the new technique overcomes the drawbacks of hollow carbon nanosheets and presents an excellent capacitance of 378 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 and rate capability of 57 % at 80 A g −1 in 6 M KOH. Furthermore, the energy density of MNHPCS//MNHPCS based supercapacitor in EMIMBF 4 can reach up to 84 Wh kg −1 . Most importantly, MNHPCS can be easily achieved from various plant wastes having hollow tubular structure, which would provide a clearly method on selecting plant precursors for producing hollow porous carbon nanosheets applied on supercapacitors.