Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is an indispensable and important reaction in the fuel production process. Generally, the catalysts for HDO contain metal or acidic active sites, and the co-existence of them can significantly promote the HDO performance. While the subtle interaction between metal and acidic active sites is still not very clear. Herein, a series of Ru-based catalysts with different supports were prepared by photochemical method to obtain both of the high Ru dispersion and the moderate acidity. Among the catalysts with various supports, Ru/TiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 showed the most efficient performance in the HDO process of phenolic compounds. Guaiacol was converted into cyclohexane with above 90% selectivity at 240 °C. Other typical phenolic compounds, including phenol, anisole, p -cresol, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, benzofuran , eugenol and dibenzyl ether, were all transformed into the corresponding cycloalkanes with yield close to 100%. The synergistic effect between highly dispersed Ru and moderate acid site played the key role for the enhanced production of hydrocarbon fuels. Moreover, this catalytic system was also effective on the raw bio-oil upgradation for producing high yield of hydrocarbons and alkylphenols, which has the potential to be used as biofuels.
Yingkang Chen,Hang Zhang,Hongmei Li,Junhua Hu,Yan Long,Min Liu
The N-alkylation of amines with tetrahydrofuran (THF) to synthesize pyrrolidine compounds is an economic and environmental benign route. However, current catalytic system often suffered from harsh reaction condition and hazardous reagents. In this work, we developed an alumina nanosheet catalyst with a large amount of medium acid sites for synthesis of N-arylpyrrolidines. Nearly 100% target product yield could be obtained at 190 °C, and this catalyst could be reused at least 5 times without obvious deactivation. NH 3 -temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and pyridine-infrared (py-IR) revealed that the catalytic performance is positively correlated with the content of medium acid sites. In-situ IR spectrum proved that the reaction follows the carbocation mechanism. This work affords a competitive system for green sustainable chemistry.
Silicoaluminophosphates SAPO-41 is a superior unidimensional zeotype catalyst used in hydroisomerization. Generation of hierarchically structured SAPO-41 provides an effective way to promote its hydroisomerization selectivity, which is nonetheless difficult to achieve due to the formation of impurities. Herein, we report crystallization of plate-like crystals of pure phase SAPO-41 in a toluene-aqueous biphasic media in the presence of both Pr 2 NH and oleylamine. The obtained material has a larger adjustable range of silicon content (n Si /(n Al +n Si +n P ) = 0.02−0.15), intermediate acidity and reduced diffusion path length along the micropore channel direction. Catalytic tests for n -heptane hydroisomerization on Pt loaded plate-like SAPO-41 crystals showed that the yield of the isomerized products could reach up to 68 %, with respect to 57 % for a control sample. The selectivities for isomers were found to increase with decreasing Si contents and enhanced diffusion properties, suggesting side β-scission reaction was disfavored at reduced acid site density and shortened diffusion path length.
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