JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE
·
2014
·
IF 0.921
Wenping Xu,Qingchun Huang,Xiwei Wu,Xiaoqin Yu,Xuexiao Wang,Liming Tao
Midgut α-amylase is an important digestive enzyme involved in larval energy metabolism and carbohydrate assimilation. In this article, the properties of midgut α-amylase from the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), larvae were characterized, and its in vitro responses to chemical inhibitors were also determined. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax of midgut α-amylase were 0.064 M, 4.81 U mg pro(-1) in phosphate buffer, and 0.128 M, 1.96 U mg pro(-1) in barbiturate-acetate buffer; α-amylase activity linearly increased as starch concentration increased. α-Amylase activity was not influenced by amino acids such as Pro, Met, Try, His, Ala, and Phe but was strongly activated by antioxidants. Reduced glutathione, 1,4-dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, and ascorbic acid improved the activity of α-amylase about 2.06, 3.46, 3.37, and 6.38 times, respectively, relative to the control. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) strongly inhibited α-amylase. α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin were not the preferred substrates for α-amylase. Kinetic analysis showed that IC50 value of NBS against α-amylase was 1.52 (±0.26) µM, and the mode of action of NBS with Ki as 2.53 (0.35) µM was a mixed-type inhibition that indicated a combination of partial competitive and pure noncompetitive inhibition. The midgut α-amylase of armyworm larvae may be a potential target for novel insecticide development and pest control.
研究领域:
昆虫生理学
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酶学
·
害虫控制
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生物化学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 1.1
Jingjing Zhang,Cuiting Liu,Xinyi Xie,Xuanyue Yu,Yuting Huang,Rui Tang,Jian Zeng,Benshui Shu
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has become a global invasive pest in recent years, threatening agricultural production. Carvacrol (CAR) is a multifunctional plant-derived compound and exhibited significant bioactivities against many pests. Our previous study found that CAR inhibited growth and development in S. frugiperda . However, the effects of CAR on the midgut of this pest remain unknown. In this study, the actions of CAR on the larval midgut of S. frugiperda were investigated. The results found that 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg CAR treatments destroyed the structure of the larval midgut based on hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscope observation. In addition, 2.0 g/kg CAR exposure significantly altered the larval midgut bacterial community composition and structure. The results of the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis suggest that six bacterial genera contributed to the different structures of the larval bacterial community. Furthermore, PICRUSt2 analysis found that 16 bacterial function categories were altered by CAR treatment, of which 8 were significantly increased. Our results provided new insight into the toxicological mechanisms of CAR against S. frugiperda larvae and laid the foundation for the field application of S. frugiperda control.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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微生物学
·
农业科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 5.228
Huang Wuren,Zhang Jie,Yang Bing,Beerntsen Brenda T.,Song Hongsheng,Ling Erjun
Invertebrate animals have the capacity of repairing wounds in the skin and gut via different mechanisms. Gastrointestinal perforation, a hole in the human gastrointestinal system, is a serious condition and surgery is necessary to repair the perforation to prevent an abdominal abscess or sepsis. Here we report the repair of gastrointestinal perforation made by a needle-puncture wound in the silkworm larval midgut. Following insect gut perforation, only a weak immune response was observed because the growth of Escherichia coli alone was partially inhibited by plasma collected at 6 h after needle puncture of the larval midgut. However, circulating hemocytes did aggregate over the needle-puncture wound to form a scab. While, cell division and apoptosis were not observed at the wound site, the needle puncture significantly enhanced DNA duplication in cells surrounding the wound, which was essential to repair the midgut perforation. Due to the repair capacity and limited immune response caused by needle puncture to the midgut, this approach was successfully used for the injection of small compounds (ethanol in this study) into the insect midgut. Consequently, this needle-puncture wounding of the insect gut can be developed for screening compounds for use as gut chemotherapeutics in the future.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
医学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Xian Xiao,Qiang Gao,Lan-Ying Wang,Yun-Fei Zhang,Yan-Ping Luo
An aromatic ring-containing compound with a wide range of biological activities, 9-methylacridine (AD-9-Me) is a precursor for the synthesis of various drugs. However, its photoactivation properties and mechanism of damage as a photo activator against Aedes aegypti are unknown. The toxic effects of AD-9-Me on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were determined under light and non-light conditions. The results showed that the toxicity of AD-9-Me to mosquito larvae was significantly higher than that of the dark treatment after 24 h of light exposure; AD-9-Me was mainly distributed in the midgut of larvae, after 24 h of treatment, it can cause an increase in calcium ion concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) eruption and ROS accumulation by blocking the ROS elimination pathway in midgut cells. This in turn caused an increase in protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), a disruption of the barrier function of midgut tissues, a significant decrease in midgut weight and chitin content, which induced the up-regulation of AeDronc , AeCaspase8 and AeCaspase7 genes, leading to apoptotic cell death. In this study, we confirmed that AD-9-Me has photoactivation activity and mainly acts on the midgut of mosquito larvae, which can generate a large amount of ROS in the cells of the midgut and induce apoptosis to occur, resulting in the disruption of the function of the tissues of mosquito larvae, accelerating the death and delaying the development of the mosquito larvae.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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毒理学
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生物化学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH
·
2023
·
IF 1.7
Bo Zhou,Lu-Lu Liu,Wang-Yu Zhao,Li-Juan Han,Ai-Juan Li,Chun Zhao,Wen-Jun Wu,Ji-Wen Zhang
A series of 4-(propargyloxy) benzenesulfonamide derivatives with different substituents on the benzene ring were synthesized and evaluated for their insecticidal activity. Some of the compounds showed good insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata, and the LC50 value of the most active compound B2.5 was 0.235 mg/ml. Ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelial cells of Mythimna separata were observed using transmission electron microscopy, and severe structural damage was found in microvilli, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. It indicates that the possible site of action of these benzenesulfonamides is the cytoplasmic membrane and endomembrane system of the midgut epithelial cells. The above provides a basis for the development of novel insecticidal active compounds with a novel mechanism of action.
研究领域:
农药化学
·
昆虫生理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Cell Reports
·
2021
·
IF 9.423
Mengfei Wang,Yanpeng An,Li Gao,Shengzhang Dong,Xiaofeng Zhou,Yuebiao Feng,Penghua Wang,George Dimopoulos,Huiru Tang,Jingwen Wang
Summary Plant-nectar-derived sugar is the major energy source for mosquitoes, but its influence on vector competence for malaria parasites remains unclear. Here, we show that Plasmodium berghei infection of Anopheles stephensi results in global metabolome changes, with the most significant impact on glucose metabolism. Feeding on glucose or trehalose (the main hemolymph sugars) renders the mosquito more susceptible to Plasmodium infection by alkalizing the mosquito midgut. The glucose/trehalose diets promote proliferation of a commensal bacterium, Asaia bogorensis , that remodels glucose metabolism in a way that increases midgut pH, thereby promoting Plasmodium gametogenesis. We also demonstrate that the sugar composition from different natural plant nectars influences A. bogorensis growth, resulting in a greater permissiveness to Plasmodium . Altogether, our results demonstrate that dietary glucose is an important determinant of mosquito vector competency for Plasmodium, further highlighting a key role for mosquito-microbiota interactions in regulating the development of the malaria parasite.
研究领域:
疟疾生物学
·
微生物学
·
传染病学
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代谢组学
·
昆虫学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 11.4
Xu Shi,Tong Xu,Meichen Gao,Yanju Bi,Jiaqi Wang,Yilin Yin,Shiwen Xu
Pesticides and plastics bring convenience to agriculture and life, but also bring residual pollution in the environment. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is the most popular pesticide at present. The harm of microplastics (MPs) to water and aquatic organisms is gradually increasing, and the possibility that it appears synchronously with various pesticides increases. However, the damage of EMB and MPs to the carp midgut and its mechanism have not been clarified. Therefore, based on the EMB or/and MPs exposure models, this study explored the mechanism of midgut injury through transcriptomics, immunofluorescence, western blot methods, and so on. Studies in vivo and in vitro showed that EMB or MPs exposure caused cilia shortening, lysosome damage, and ROS overproduction, which led to Fe 2+ content increase, GSH/GSSG system disorder, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis. This process further led to the down-regulation of Cx43, Occludin, Claudin, and ZO-1, which further caused barrier damage, immune-related genes (immunoglobulin, IFN-γ) decrease and inflammation-related genes (TNF-α, IL-1β) increase. Combined exposure was more significant than that of single exposure, and the addition of EN6 and NAC proved that lysosome/ROS/ferroptosis regulated these midgut damages. In conclusion, EMB or/and MPs exposure induce tight junction disorder, immune disorder and inflammation in carp midgut through the lysosome/ROS/ferroptosis pathway.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水生毒理学
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分子生物学
·
免疫学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Cheng Shen,Guochen Li,Tianyi Han,Naila Ilyas,Meng He,Ziyan Huang,Xiao Zhang,Chongxin Xu,Chengyu Chen,Wei Chen,Xianjin Liu,Qing Zhu,Yuan Liu
BACKGROUND Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are widely used in pest control owing to their effectiveness as bioinsecticides. However, the extensive use of these toxins has resulted in the development of resistance in various pest populations, including Plutella xylostella , which is a significant pest of cruciferous crops. This increasing resistance highlights the need for alternative insecticidal strategies that can complement or replace traditional methods. RESULTS A novel approach involves using insect cadherin receptors to screen for nanobodies with potential insecticidal activity that selectively target the toxin binding region of the Plutella xylostella cadherin toxin via phage display technology. Through three rounds of panning with a natural alpaca nanobody phage display library, we identified nanobody B1, which specifically binds to the CR9-CR11 region of Plutella xylostella cadherin. This nanobody significantly inhibited the binding of Cry1Ac toxin to cadherin, a key factor in insect susceptibility to the toxin. In bioassays, the application of soluble B1 protein (80 μg/cm 2 ) resulted in 25 ± 4.5% mortality in Plutella xylostella larvae. Histological examination of the midgut tissue revealed substantial damage to the epithelial layer, supporting the bioassay findings. Enzymatic hydrolysis assays demonstrated that, while B1 exhibited some stability, it showed limited resistance to enzymatic degradation in vitro . This could be a significant contributing factor to the low insecticidal activity of B1. CONCLUSION This study proposes a novel strategy for insecticide development based on the application of nanobodies to target cadherins within the midgut of Plutella xylostella . The identification of nanobody B1 presents a novel approach to circumvent resistance mechanisms in pest populations, overcoming resistance mechanisms in pest populations, and thus advancing sustainable pest management practices. Furthermore, these findings establish a foundation for designing alternative insecticidal proteins that could diminish the reliance on traditional formulations. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
生物技术
·
害虫防治
·
分子生物学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 4.966
Bin Liu,Hui Chen
Bark beetles rely on detoxifying enzymes to resist the defensive oleoresin terpenes of the host tree. Insect cytochrome P450 (CYPs) plays a key role in the detoxification of plant allelochemicals and pesticides. CYP6 family is unique to Insecta, and its biochemical function is basically related to catabolize heterologous substances. In this study, two Dendroctonus armandi CYP6 genes, CYP6DF1 and CYP6DJ2, were characterized. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that CYP6DF1 and CYP6DJ2 expressions were higher in larvae and adult stages of D. armandi than in egg and pupae stages, and that two genes predominantly expressed in brain , midgut, fat body, or Malpighian tubules . Moreover, CYP6DF1 and CYP6DJ2 expressions were significantly induced after exposure to (+)- α -pinene. Importantly, silencing CYP6DF1 and CYP6DJ2 significantly inhibited the CYP activity and increased the mortality in the adults fumigated with (+)- α -pinene. Additionally, piperonyl butoxide exposure to adults also increase the sensitivity after treatment with (+)- α -pinene, which led to a significant reduction of the CYP activity, resulting a significant increase in adult mortality. These results suggest that the CYP6 family plays a key role in determining the susceptibility of D. armandi to (+)- α -pinene, which may have implications for the development of novel therapeutics to control this important pest.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
生物化学
·
分子生物学
·
害虫管理
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Physiology
·
2018
·
IF 3.394
Shu Benshui,Zhang Jingjing,Cui Gaofeng,Sun Ranran,Yi Xin,Zhong Guohua
Azadirachtin, the environmentally friendly botanical pesticide, has been used as an antifeedant and pest growth regulator in integrated pest management for decades. It has shown strong biological activity against Spodoptera litura, but the mechanism of toxicity remains unclear. The present study showed that azadirachtin inhibited the growth of S. litura larvae, which was resulted by structure destroy and size inhibition of the midgut. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis of midgut suggested that azadirachtin regulated the transcriptional level of multiple unigenes involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcium apoptotic signaling pathways. Simultaneously, the expression patterns of some differentially expressed unigenes were verified by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, the enhanced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, the increased expression of caspase family members and apoptosis-binding motif 1 (IBM1) on both gene and protein level and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm were induced in midgut after azadirachtin treatment. These results demonstrated that azadirachtin induced structural alteration in S. litura larval midgut by apoptosis activation. These alterations may affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients and eventually lead to the growth inhibition of larvae.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
分子生物学
·
害虫管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2021
·
IF 7.963
Qing Guo,Ying Yang,Lin Zhao,Jian Chen,Guangxin Duan,Zaixing Yang,Ruhong Zhou
The risk of graphene oxide (GO) exposure to various species has been greatly amplified in recent years due to its booming production and applications in various fields. However, a deep understanding of the GO biosafety lags its wide applications. Herein, we used W 1118 flies as a model organism to study GO toxicity at relatively low concentrations. We found that GO exposure led to remarkable weight loss, delayed development, retarded motion, and shortened lifespan of these flies. On the other hand, the GO influence on their sex ratio and the total number of pupae and adults were insignificant. The toxicological effect of GO was shown to be related to its serious compromise of the nutrient absorption in flies due to the severe damages in midguts. These damages were then attributed to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which triggers the oxidative stress. These findings reveal the underlying mechanisms of GO biotoxicities in fruit flies, which might provide a useful reference to assess the risks of these newly invented nanomaterials likely never encountered by various species before.
研究领域:
纳米技术
·
毒理学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Yanzheng Lin,Yuting Huang,Jiafu Liu,Luyang Liu,Xueming Cai,Jintian Lin,Benshui Shu
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda , is a polyphagous pest worldwide and feeds on many grain and cash crops, which threatens the safety of agriculture and forestry production. Toosendanin (TSN) is a commercial insecticidal active ingredient used to manage various pests in the field and showed adverse effects against S. frugiperda , while the effects of TSN on the larval midguts are not yet known. In this study, the effects of 10 and 20 mg/kg TSN exposures on the larval midguts were analyzed. The structural changes of the larval midgut induced by TSN treatments were also determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Besides, TSN treatments also changed the enzyme activities of three digestive enzymes (α-amylase, lipase, and trypsin) and two detoxification enzymes (CarE and GST). A total of 2868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-Seq in the larval midguts with 20 mg/kg TSN treatment, and the DEGs responsible for food digestion and detoxification were further examined. Our findings revealed the preliminary modes of action of TSN on the larval midguts of S. frugiperda , which provide a preliminary rationale for controlling S. frugiperda with TSN in the field.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
分子生物学
·
害虫管理
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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