Shuang Wu,Yansong Zhang,Shengnan Kong,Haiyang Yan,Chuanrun Li,Huchuan Wang
s In this paper, a hybrid system of ultrafiltration and membrane distillation was used to study the resourceful reuse of active compounds and water resources in traditional Chinese medicine wastewater. Pre-treatment of turbid wastewater by ultrafiltration (UF) was found to maximise the retention of macromolecular organic matter in the wastewater using a 10 kDa ultrafiltration membrane at a trans-membrane pressure of 0.15 MPa. The UF filtrate was subjected to vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) at 60 °C, 95 kPa, 36 L·h −1 , and pH = 3, which ultimately recovered about 85 % of chlorogenic acid as well as about 74 % of baicalin. The UF-MD system can effectively separate the large organic molecules, small molecules of active compounds and water in the turbid wastewater of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to realise the recovery and reuse of valuable resources in the turbid wastewater of traditional Chinese medicine.
Wastewater discharge of traditional Chinese medicine production is a serious threat to the environment in China. This study investigated the effectiveness of the UF-FO-MD hybrid system for resources recycle from the TCM wastewater. Real TCM wastewater was treated with the self-assemble UF-FO-MD hybrid system. Moreover, the natural surfactant rejection and the FO fouling impact were evaluated by separate FO operation with synthetic TCM wastewater, and MD wetting was also assessed. Results show that the UF-FO-MD hybrid system successfully isolated the macromolecular substances, bioactive compounds and water in the TCM wastewater for recovering useful resources. Natural surfactants in the TCM wastewater could be effectively rejected by FO, avoiding the subsequent MD wetting problem which has occurred in our previous study on the resource recovering with the UF-MD hybrid system. However, FO membrane fouling might be an issue affecting the recovery efficiency of bioactive compounds from TCM wastewater. The bioactive compounds could not be completely concentrated due to potential adsorption on the fouling layer .
TCM wastewater treatment is a significant environmental issue in China. This study investigated the effectiveness of the UF-MD hybrid system on recycling valuable resources in TCM wastewater. Synthetic TCM wastewater was prepared and separated with the self-assemble UF-MD hybrid system. Moreover, the feed temperature (45 °C, 55 °C, 65 °C) and membrane materials' influence on MD performance were also evaluated. Results show that the UF-MD hybrid system is efficient to achieve a complete separation and resources recycle from the TCM wastewater. The MD flux production increased with the increment of feed temperature. However, some bioactive compounds could not be concentrated in MD due to their potential degradation at high temperatures, and membrane wetting might be an issue in long-term operation. Although PP membranes exhibited the highest flux among PP , PTFE and PVDF membranes, considering the wetting and fouling resistance , PTFE membranes would be a better option for long-term MD operation at 65 °C.
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