Animal Nutrition
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2025
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IF 7.5
Jing Zhang,Jiaojiao Lang,Lijun Bu,Yapeng Liu,Wenjie Huo,Caixia Pei,Qiang Liu
Arginine (Arg) can potentially increase milk yields in early lactating dairy cows by stimulating the development of mammary gland and the biosynthesis of milk proteins and fatty acids (FA); however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The hypothesis was detected that rumen-protected Arg (RPArg) addition would increase the yields of milk, milk fat, and milk protein and aimed to elucidate the possible mechanism. Forty-eight multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows (milk yield 34.9 ± 1.27 kg/d, body weight 658 ± 12.7 kg, and days in lactation [DIL] 16.4 ± 2.56) were selected on the principle of proximity and blocked by DIL and milk yield, and divided into one of four groups in a randomized block design: control (without RPArg), low RPArg (LRPArg, 20 g/d Arg), medium RPArg (MRPArg, 40 g/d Arg), and high RPArg (HRPArg, 60 g/d Arg), 4 replicates per group and 3 cows per replicate the experiment duration was 95 days, including a 10-day covariate period, a 15-day adaptation period, and a 70-day sampling period. The production of actual milk, energy-corrected milk, fat-corrected milk, milk fat, and milk protein linearly increased ( P < 0.05) with RPArg provision. The yields of de novo FA and mixed FA in the milk linearly increased ( P < 0.01), but that of preformed FA linearly decreased ( P = 0.007). Supplementation with RPArg linearly increased the daily production of Arg, Asp, Cys, Glu, His, Met, Phe, Ser, Thr, and Trp ( P < 0.05). With RPArg provision, serum contents of glucose, albumin, total protein, and nitric oxide linearly increased ( P < 0.05); the levels of estradiol, prolactin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 quadratically increased ( P < 0.01); and that of blood urea nitrogen quadratically decreased ( P = 0.023). Furthermore, supplementation with 40 g/d Arg from RPArg promoted the expression of proteins implicated in mammary gland proliferation, FA synthesis, and milk protein synthesis. Thus, RPArg addition enhanced milk production, FA synthesis, and milk protein synthesis by promoting the expression of proteins involved in mammary gland development, FA synthesis, and milk protein synthesis.
研究领域:
动物营养学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 3.1
Xi Cao,Miao Qiao,Yayu Pan,Qingbin Bao,Guiquan Zhang,Yikun Xian
The fatty acid (FA) composition of giant panda colostrum and the variation during lactation were determined. Of the 35 FAs detected in giant panda milk fat , the most abundant were oleic acid , palmitic acid and linoleic acid . There were 14 very long-chain and 5 short- and medium-chain FAs detected. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 FAs was 3.60–7.21. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated there was an unusually slow transition from colostrum to mature milk, probably an adaptive strategy. The oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio was higher in colostrum than mature milk, which may benefit digestion. Most saturated FAs were more abundant in mature milk than colostrum. Arachidonic acid accounted for 48.49% of very long-chain polyunsaturated FAs in colostrum, which was 3.34 fold that in mature milk, and for docosahexaenoic acid , 2.75 fold. During the lactation, Spearman correlations within unsaturated and saturated FAs were generally positive; correlations between them were generally negative.
研究领域:
动物学
·
营养学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Animal Nutrition
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Qingyan Yin,Xingwei Jiang,Huifeng Liu,Peiyue Wang,Xiaodong Su,Jun Zhang,Xinjian Lei,Junhu Yao
An essential function carried out by bile acids (BA) is to aid in lipid absorption, as they emulsify lipids and combine with them to form chylomicrons. While BA have been utilized as lipid emulsifiers in monogastric and aquatic animals, their impact on ruminants remains relatively unexplored. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of BA on the lipid absorption of lactating dairy goats. In experiment 1, twelve lactating goats with similar days in milk (42 ± 2 d), body weight (46.2 ± 5.1 kg), and milk yield (1.62 ± 0.33 kg) were administered four BA doses (0, 1, 2, or 4 g/d) to explore the effects of BA supplementation. The results observed a positive correlation between the BA dose and plasma total bile acid concentration ( P < 0.001). Notably, when goats received BA, there was a trend of increase in the proportion of preformed fatty acids in milk ( P = 0.079). In experiment 2, eighteen lactating goats with similar days in milk (100 ± 6 d), body weight (45.0 ± 3.7 kg), and milk yield (1.60 ± 0.31 kg) were divided into two groups (HF and HFB): HF group received no BA, while HFB group received BA (4 g/d). Both the groups were fed diets with fat powder supplementation (1% of dry material) for 5 weeks. BA supplementation led to a significant increase in milk yield ( P = 0.024) and fat concentration ( P = 0.045). Meanwhile, there was a significant rise of total bile acid concentration in plasma ( P < 0.001), rumen ( P < 0.001) and feces ( P < 0.001). Additionally, BA supplementation had a significant impact on blood metabolism, up-regulating 241 metabolites and down-regulating 208 metabolites ( P < 0.05). BA supplementation also altered the correlations among various plasma lipid components ( P < 0.05). In fatty acid (FA) analysis, 26 different FA were detected, out of which 16 showed significant down-regulation upon BA supplementation ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, BA supplementation positively influenced lactating dairy goats, particularly when fed diets with fat powder supplementation. BA supplementation enhanced milk yield, improved milk fat concentration, and significantly altered lipid-related blood metabolism. These findings suggest that BA supplementation could be a valuable strategy for enhancing dairy production and lipid metabolism in dairy goats, offering potential benefits for the dairy industry.
研究领域:
动物营养学
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生物化学
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乳品科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 9.231
Xi Cao,Yayu Pan,Miao Qiao,Yongjun Yuan
Rapeseed oil has a similar oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio to human milk fat (HMF). However, it can hardly be used for human milk fat substitute (HMFS) synthesis due to high erucic acid content. In this study, Candida cylindracea lipase (CCL) was found to strongly discriminate against erucic acid. Free fatty acids containing low erucic acid and high oleic acid and linoleic acid were prepared from rapeseed oil hydrolysis catalyzed by CCL. The erucic acid content was only 1.58% (initial 8.70%), when the degree of hydrolysis reached 79.58%. The free fatty acids were used as acyl-donors in the acidolysis catalyzed by Novozym 40086. Considering acyl incorporation and migration, the optimum conditions were 1:8 (tripalmitin to acyl-donors), 40 °C and 2 h. The erucic acid content dropped to 0.97% in the HMFS. According to the Q-TOF-MS analysis, the HMFS was rich in 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (18.20%) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol (17.96%), which was similar to HMF.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·
IF 3.571
Wei Wei,Jie Yang,Dan Yang,Xiangyu Wang,Zhenyu Yang,Qingzhe Jin,Manyi Wang,Jianqiang Lai,Xingguo Wang
We compared phospholipids (PLs), PL fatty acid (FA) composition, and milk fat globule size and structure in human milk (n = 120) from mothers of full-term and preterm infants during lactation (colostrum, transition, 1 mo, 2 mo, and 3 mo) and 8 brands of infant formulas. The absolute quantification of PLs was analyzed using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Sphingomyelin was the dominant PLs (35.01 ± 3.31%) in human milk, whereas phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were the dominant PLs in infant formulas. The PL content in preterm milk increased during lactation, whereas that in term milk remained stable. Saturated FAs (mainly 16:0 and 18:0) were the most abundant (>60%) PL FA in both preterm and term milk and increased throughout lactation. The mean diameter of milk fat globules in infant formulas was much smaller than that found in human milk (200 nm vs 5.63 μm). Significant differences were observed between human milk and infant formulas with regard to PLs, suggesting that more research is needed to mimic the PL profile in infant formulas.
研究领域:
营养学
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生物化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 6
Yan Liu,Junying Zhao,Weicang Qiao,Baoyu Yang,Qian Liu,Yan Liu,Lijun Chen
The phospholipid (PL) composition and milk fat globule (MFG) structure are important for MFG membrane function. However, the effects of various processing methods on these factors remain unclear. In the present study, we compared the effects of different processing methods for infant formula (IF) production on PLs and MFGs. Homogenization and heat sterilization significantly decreased the number of PL species in raw milk (RM, 104). Heat sterilization and spray drying significantly reduced PL content in RM (160.3 ± 12.2 mg/L; p < 0.05). During processing, the average volume diameter (5.67 ± 0.81 μm) and zeta potential (−7.37 ± 0.27 mV) of RM were significantly reduced ( p < 0.05). After homogenization, PLs were distributed in a circular and dotted manner around the MFGs. After spray drying, PL fluorescent rings lost structural integrity. Therefore, the tested processing methods substantially damaged the PL composition and MFG structure. These results may provide a scientific basis for future IF development.
研究领域:
食品科学
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营养学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Yue Sun,Xueying Zhang,Jiayu Li,Xiaodong Li,Lu Liu,Kouadio Jean Eric-Parfait Kouame
We hypothesized that improving the fat globule structure of infant formulae based on the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) would regulate metabolites and metabolic pathways, making it more similar to the metabolic properties of human milk. Therefore, we prepared infant formulae with different fat globule structures, including two model infant formulae (F1: fat globules surrounded by MFGM; F2: fat globules surrounded by protein) and one commercial infant formulae containing MFGM, and compared their metabolic differences with those of human milk. The number of differential metabolites between each sample and human milk reached 60 (F1), 132 (F2) and 126 (IF1). Glycerophosphocholines were screened as potential biomarkers to distinguish infant formulae from human milk. Compared with F2 and IF1, the enrichment of amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways was not significant between F1 and human milk. These results emphasized that F1 had the highest similarity to human milk in metabolic properties.
研究领域:
营养学
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生物化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
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2022
·
IF 4.52
Zhuoneng Huang,Keying Liu,Ye Chen,Ye Huang,Xiaohan Wang,Xiaosan Wang
Most infant formula oils differ significantly from human milk fat (HMF) in structure and composition , which is detrimental to the development of infants. In this study, the lipid compositions of Carassius auratus oils (CAOs) from seven provinces of China were systematically analyzed, and the potential of CAO for use in human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) was evaluated. First, the main fatty acids in most CAOs were confirmed to be palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids . It is interesting to find that 57.08–69.27% of palmitic acid tended to be located at the sn -2 position, which showed a consistency with HMF. Afterwards, content of C52 triacylglycerol in CAOs from three regions exceeded 45%. Finally, a HMFS containing CAO from Jiangsu province was prepared by physical blending and it was verified to have a high similarity with HMF after similarity evaluation, which can provide a reference for the application of CAO in infant formulas.
研究领域:
营养学
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食品科学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2023
·
IF 10.7
Yue Pan,Shuming Liu,Jiayu Li,Muhammad Hussain,Awa Fanny Massounga Bora,Xiaodong Li,Lu Liu,Wenli Liu,Linyao Li,Bin Zhu,Wenli Zhou
The interfacial properties of lipid droplets play a crucial role in lipid digestion. In this study, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) was used to improve the lipid droplet interface of model infant formula emulsions (IFEs). We focused on the effects of the addition sequence of MFGM and milk proteins commonly used in infant formula (IFE1: Milk proteins added before homogenization, MFGM added after homogenization; IFE2: MFGM added before homogenization, milk proteins added after homogenization; IFE3: MFGM and milk proteins added before homogenization) on lipid droplets' interfacial compositions, structure, and lipid digestion behaviors and compared with human milk (HM) and commercial infant formula (IF). The results showed that the interfacial protein load was significantly lower ( P < 0.05), and the interfacial phospholipid load was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in IFE2 compared to IFE1, IFE3, and IF. The lipid droplet structure of IFE2 is closer to that of HM. MFGM fragments-covered lipid droplets can be observed in IFE2. In contrast, the lipid droplets in IFE1, IFE3, and IF were covered by casein micelles, and MFGM fragments were free in the serum phase. After digestion, the lipolysis degree of IFE2 (91.7 ± 1.51%) was comparable to that of HM (94.98 ± 1.08%) and significantly higher than other samples ( P < 0.05). During digestion, IFE1 and IFE3 formed thicker and denser protein knit networks compared to IFE2. The lipid droplets in IFE1 and IFE3 were embedded in protein networks, thereby inhibiting lipid digestion. These results indicated that changes in the interfacial composition of lipid droplets improved lipid digestion by mitigating the aggregate and coalescence of protein and lipid droplets.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
营养学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2022
·
IF 11.504
Yue Sun,Shuaiyi Ma,Yibo Liu,Zhibin Jia,Xiaodong Li,Lu Liu,Qian Ma,Kouadio Jean Eric-parfait Kouame,Chunmei Li,Youbin Leng,Shilong Jiang
The interfacial phospholipid and protein compositions of fat globule in human milk and three different infant formulas (F1: supplied with MFGM and OPO; F2: supplied with OPO and without MFGM; F3: supplied with MFGM and without OPO) were analyzed and compared, and the changes of interfacial composition and structure on their in-vitro infant gastrointestinal digestion were evaluated. The study from the interfacial properties of fat globule to illustrating the effect of interfacial composition and structure on lipolysis and proteolysis. The results showed that, both F1 and human milk had a similar interfacial phospholipid composition and higher sphingomyelin (SM) content. The interfacial protein composition of F1 was closer to human milk. F1 had the average particle size of 3.67 ± 0.12 μm and a phospholipid layer on the surface of triglyceride. Meanwhile, the relatively complete phospholipid ring structure in F1 could always be observed during gastric digestion, while was gradually destroyed during intestinal digestion. Moreover, F2 and F3 are significantly different from HM and F1 in composition and structure of fat globule. Although MFGM is added to commercial infant formula (F3), most MFGM still existed in the aqueous phase of emulsion in free form. Notable, F1 had similar in-vitro lipolysis and proteolysis properties to human milk. These results indicated that the simulation of human milk fat globule at the molecular level and structure feature was the key contributing to digestion behavior.
研究领域:
营养学
·
食品科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2012
·
IF 2.823
Xiao-Li Qin,Bo Yang,Hui-Hua Huang,Yong-Hua Wang
Tripalmitin-enriched triacylglycerols were concentrated from palm stearin by acetone fractionation and as the substrate reacted with a mixture of equimolar quantities of fatty acids (C8:0–C18:3). The incorporation degree and acyl migration level of the fatty acids and acylglycerols composition were investigated, providing helpful information for the production of human milk fat substitutes. Higher incorporation degrees of the fatty acids were obtained with lipase PS IM, Lipozyme TL IM, and Lipozyme RM IM followed by porcine pancreatic lipase and Novozym 435-catalyzed acidolysis. During reactions catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM, Lipozyme RM IM, and lipase PS IM, incorporation degrees of C12:0, C14:0, C18:1, and C18:2 were higher than those of other fatty acids at operated variables (molar ratio, temperature, and time), and the triacylglycerols content reached the highest (82.09%) via Lipozyme RM IM-catalyzed acidolysis. On the basis of significantly different levels of acyl migration to the sn-2 position, lipases were in the order of lipase PS IM < Lipozyme TL IM < Lipozyme RM IM.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 3.1
Yancong Wang,Yanmei Hou,Tong Wu,Jie Zhang,Xiaoming Liu,Dasong Liu,Peng Zhou
Comparison of typical milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) components was made first among buttermilk, butter serum, α-serum and β-serum produced from caprine milk cream, then subsequently among effects of different demulsification treatments and ripening/churning conditions applied to cream on the resulting buttermilk. Of the four initial materials, buttermilk had the highest yield of MFGM components and best retention of bioactive MFGM proteins. For the resulting buttermilk, ripening followed by churning achieved a MFGM component content comparable with that achieved with freezing followed by churning, and higher than that achieved with ripening or freezing followed by heating. To maximise MFGM component content, ripening cream at 12 °C and pH 6.7 for 12 h in an uncycled mode was indicated. Following optimised ripening, laboratory-scale and small technical-scale churning achieved a comparable content of MFGM components in buttermilk. To further increase the yield of MFGM components, one-time butter washing following cream churning was indicated.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）