Advanced Science
·
2026
·
IF 14.1
Junming Dai,Jianming Zhong,Jinpeng Luo,Yuxing Song,Fan Hu,Young Moo Lee,Yongbing Zhuang
Expanding the operational temperature range and reducing the humidity dependence of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) remain critical challenges. To address these issues, we developed a dual-network architecture that integrates a thermally reinforced hydrogen-bonding matrix with an amine-anhydride covalent crosslinking framework within Tröger's Base (TB)-functionalized polybenzimidazole membranes. The covalently crosslinked TBAm-PBI-TB membrane with dual-network architecture exhibited a high phosphoric acid uptake of 469.5% with negligible leaching and achieved proton conductivities of 255.5 mS cm − 1 at 90°C and 20% relative humidity (RH) and 264.7 mS cm − 1 at 160°C under anhydrous conditions. It also demonstrated excellent oxidative and mechanical stability. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) based on the TBAm-PBI-TB membrane delivered peak power densities ranging from 108.6 to 446.2 mW cm − 2 between 30 and 160°C under anhydrous H 2 /air conditions. This maximum power density exceeds that of a Nafion 211-based MEA, which reached 367.8 mW cm − 2 at 30°C under 40%–50% RH. The MEA also showed outstanding operational durability. This work presents a strategy for developing wide-temperature proton-conducting membranes for anhydrous fuel cells.
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Thermal Science and Engineering Progress
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Shanshan Ruan,Wenyao Zhao,Junheng Liu,Chengcheng Ao
This study systematically evaluates the combustion, emission, and fuel economy characteristics of pure diesel and a diethoxymethane (DEM) blend (DEMDB, 1:4 vol ratio with diesel) in a diesel engine under varying load conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that both fuels exhibit increased peak in-cylinder pressure and a transition from single-peak to dual-peak heat release rate patterns with rising loads. DEMDB, characterized by low latent heat of vaporization and a distinct molecular structure, displays unique combustion behavior, with prolonged ignition delay and combustion duration at low loads but aligning closely with diesel at high loads. A key finding is that DEMDB significantly reduces soot emissions by 46.5 %–62.1 % across all loads compared to pure diesel, attributed to its oxygen-rich composition that suppresses polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation. However, DEMDB increases NOx emissions by 3.4 %–8.1 % due to extended high-temperature combustion and oxygen-enhanced nitrogen oxidation. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of DEMDB is slightly lower than diesel at low loads but surpasses diesel at medium-to-high loads, reflecting enhanced combustion efficiency. These findings underscore DEM’s potential as a sustainable, biomass-derived diesel additive for achieving cleaner combustion, while highlighting the need for combustion phasing optimization and advanced aftertreatment to mitigate NOx emissions.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Xiaoqing Lu,Haolin Wang,Jiafu Chen,Lanlan Yang,Tianzhao Hu,Feng Wu,Jianwei Fu,Zhimin Chen
The complete, high-efficiency removal of cationic dyes in industrial wastewater before discharge becomes particularly urgent due to their biological toxicity. The membranes have emerged for removal of dyes benefiting from free separation, cheap component and easy operation, and thus aroused increasing research interest. Herein, the negatively charged hollow crosslinked aromatic polystyrene (PS) fiber (HPF-C) membrane has been successfully synthesized by a rapid room-temperature crosslinking of linear PS in HPF membrane, followed by deep sulfonation. The sulfonated HPF-C (HPF-C-S) membrane showed high experimental equilibrium adsorption capacity of 443.6 mg·g −1 for basic red 46 (BR46) with initial concentration of 50 mg·L -1 . Its maximum adsorption capacity (346.0 mg·g −1 ) of methylene blue (MB) calculated by Langmuir model was about 5 times that of carboxylated cellulose fabrics (CCFs) membrane and higher than that of the most reported or commercially available nanofiber/nanoparticle adsorbents. Without external driven pressure, a flow rate of cationic dye solution through HPF-C-S membrane was up to 530 L·m −2 ·h −1 which was about 90 times that (6 L·m −2 ·h −1 ) of the CCFs membrane. The solution concentration through the HPF-C-S membrane always remained 0 mg L -1 (lower than the LODs of UV) before the permeation volume reached 4000 mL for 2 mg L -1 BR46 solution (In other words, 20 L of clean water could be obtained through per gram of membrane) and 1500 mL for 2 mg L -1 MB solution, respectively. The rejection ratio of 100% fully met the environmental criterion for wastewater disposal, indicating absolute superiority to the reported CCFs membrane that could not completely purify dyes. Moreover, the HPF-C-S membranes indicated excellent sustainability and stability. Besides, the kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism behind these phenomena were studied.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2021
·
IF 6.165
Qingsong Li,Hongyue Guo,Song Lin,Yicong Zhao,Hui Li
To separate and purify diethoxymethane (DEM) from water, in 101.3 kPa and at 303.2 K, the liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) data of water + DEM + solvents (p-xylene, isopropyl ether, ethyl acetate and isooctyl alcohol) were obtained. The ability to extract DEM from water was evaluated by distribution coefficient (D) and separation coefficient (S). The LLE data were tested by the Bachman and Hand equations with the linear coefficient was greater than 0.99. As well as correlated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models with the RMSD are no greater than 0.70%.
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FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
·
2019
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IF 2.514
Qingsong Li,Wenyang Fan,Houchun Yan,Xin Huang,Lili Zhang,Zhanhua Ma
The liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of ternary systems water + diethoxymethane (DEM) + Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and water + DEM + Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) were determined experimentally at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K under the atmospheric pressure condition. The solvents' extraction capacity was assessed by the solute distribution coefficient and selectivity. Othmer-Tobias and Hand equations were utilized to validate the accuracy and reliability of the measured data, which the linear correlation (R 2 ) ≥ 0.99. Experimental LLE data was correlated utilizing the NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models with all of the RMSD values below 0.002 meaning that each ternary system satisfactory agreement at temperatures studied. Also, the reliability of binary interaction parameters was validated by the topological analysis based on the Gibbs tangent plane test using a graphical user interface.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 15.7
Chen Xiuling,Chen Guining,Xie Cong,Wu Lei,Liu Gongping,Li Nanwen,Jin Wanqin
High-performance gas separation membranes have potential in industrial separation applications, while overcoming the permeability-selectivity trade-off via regulable aperture distribution remains challenging. Here, we report a strategy to fabricate Polyolefin Reweaved Ultra-micropore Membrane (PRUM) to acquire regulable microporous channel. Specifically, olefin monomers are dispersed uniformly into a pristine membrane (e.g., PIM-1) via solution diffusion method. Upon controlled electron beam irradiation, the olefin undergoes a free radical polymerization, resulting in the formation of olefin polymer in-situ reweaved in the membrane. The deliberately regulated and contracted pore-aperture size of the membrane can be accomplished by varying the olefin polymer loading to achieve efficient gas separation. For instance, PIM-1 PRUM containing 27 wt% poly-glycidyl methacrylate demonstrate CO 2 permeability of 1976 Barrer, combined with CO 2 /CH 4 and CO 2 /N 2 selectivities of 58.4 and 48.3 respectively, transcending the performance upper bounds. This controllable and high efficiency-design strategy provides a general approach to create sub-nanometre-sized pore-apertures of gas separation membranes with wide universality.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2025
·Vol. 35
·期 44
·2509658
·
IF 19
Chaoqiang Tan,Zeyu Shen,Shichao Zhang,Zhijun Wu,Shengnan He,Hongge Pan,Hao Cheng,Yingying Lu
Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) recently emerges as a prospective cathode for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries owing to its high S utilization, remarkable cycling stability, and liberty from shuttle effect. Despite weakly solvating ether electrolytes exhibiting simultaneously compatibility for SPAN cathode and lithium (Li) anode, they universally suffer from low ionic conductivity and narrow liquid-phase temperature range. However, conventional ether-based electrolytes with excellent ionic conductivity cannot realize reversible solid–solid conversion of SPAN cathode due to Li polysulfide intermediates (LiPSs) dissolving and shuttling. Here, a series of weakly solvating ethers are evaluated by selectively methylating dimethoxymethane (DMM) to fine-tune their solvation capability and liquid-phase temperature range. Enlightened from weakly solvating ether electrolytes, the contact ion pair (CIP)-dominated electrolyte is designed for satisfactory ionic conductivity of electrolyte and reversible solid–solid conversion of SPAN cathode over wide temperature range. The reinforcement mechanisms of the CIP-dominated electrolyte for the Li anode and SPAN cathode are comprehensively elucidated through experimental characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations. Based on the optimized electrolyte, Li||SPAN full cells can steadily operate over wide temperature range from −20 to 60 °C. Furthermore, the 120 mAh Li||SPAN pouch cell can exhibit 85.5% capacity retention after 45 cycles at 0.2 C.
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