CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
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2026
·
IF 8.9
Yilin Pi,Yi Li,Wangkun Ma,Cong Lu
To address the early-age strength degradation of low-clinker limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), this study developed a highly reactive and sustainable carbonate source by enhancing the CO 2 mineralization efficiency of carbide slag (CS) through utilizing carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH) as growth template. Results showed that the CNT-COOH significantly accelerated the carbonation kinetics of CS. With a 2% dosage of CNT-COOH (by mass of CS), the Ca 2 + concentration in the CS slurry decreased to 410.17 mg/L at 10 min, which was 41.15% lower than that of the reference group. This is because the CNT-COOH induced heterogeneous nucleation of calcite crystals, resulting in a more porous CaCO 3 product layer on the CS surface, thereby providing more channels for the diffusion of CO 2 and Ca 2+ . In low-clinker LC3 systems, the modified CS significantly accelerated hydration kinetics, leading to a 23% and 13.4% increase in the compressive and flexural strength at 1d, respectively. Furthermore, the proportion of harmful pores at 28d was decreased by 20.7%. This is attributed to the promotion of carboaluminate precipitation by the modified CS, as well as the pore refinement resulting from the filling effect of CNT-COOH. This study aims to provide a stable carbonate source for low-clinker LC3, thereby promoting the low-carbon transition of the construction industry.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
·
2026
·Vol. 38
·期 4
·04026031
·
IF 3
Yimu Wang,Jing Geng,Tianyu Zhai
Calcium formate (CF) is a widely used, chloride-free organic admixture, and yet its effects on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A), the component in cement that hydrates the fastest, remain incompletely understood. This study investigates the mechanism by which CF influences the hydration products of the C3A-gypsum system with different gypsum contents, specifically focusing on ettringite (AFt), monosulfate (AFm), and hydrogarnet (C3AH6), through isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and thermodynamic phase composition calculation. The results demonstrate that CF accelerates the initial hydration of C3A and the formation of AFt. When the gypsum content is relatively high, the influence of CF on the conversion of AFt to AFm is not significant. However, with lower gypsum content (mass ratios of C3A to gypsum being 3∶1 and 2∶1), CF markedly inhibits the conversion of AFt to AFm while facilitating the generation of C3AH6. These findings enhance the theoretical understanding of additive interactions in cement and provide guidance for the development of noncorrosive concrete additives.
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 12.4
Huihui Chen,Gang Guo,Haibo Li,Guanghao Chen,Jie Ma
With global phosphorus depletion, a novel strategy for phosphorus recovery from phosphorus-laden wastewater combined with phosphogypsum recycling to form hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) via sulfur-metabolizing bacteria was recently developed. However, enhancing recovery efficiency and reducing costs in complex wastewater systems remain key challenges, primarily due to variations in binding energy and impurity species within waste-gypsum from different sources. Therefore, the effects of three waste gypsum types (phosphogypsum [PG], titanium gypsum [TG], and flue gas desulfurization gypsum [FGD]) on recovery efficiency and mechanisms were evaluated/elucidated, with analytical-grade CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O (ARG) as the reference material. Results revealed that waste gypsum selection is pivotal for efficient phosphorus recovery in sulfur-metabolizing microbial systems. Although a negative correlation was observed between phosphorus recovery efficiency and gypsum stability (FGD > TG > PG > ARG), deviations from this trend occurred due to the specific impurity composition of the waste gypsum. TG, containing abundant Fe impurities, inhibited sulfur-metabolizing bacterial activity and impeded Ca-P precipitation. Despite intermediate stability, PG emerged as the optimal substrate, achieving 62.86% phosphorus recovery efficiency. This superior performance was attributed to PG’s phosphorus-containing impurity species, which actively promoted Ca-P formation (72% proportion in sediments). Final economic evaluation demonstrated that utilizing PG as the treatment additive for wastewater phosphorus recovery achieved optimal waste gypsum valorization, delivering a net economic benefit of $1.73 per ton of wastewater - significantly higher than other gypsum types ($0.89-1.30 per ton).
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Liran Zhang,Yang Chen,Junhui Qiao,Shanshan Chen,Size Fan,Xinyue Zhai,Yuxuan Cheng,Tao Yang,Yue Zhang,Changhuan Zhang,Han Wu,Dongmin Wang
With the completion of many large-scale projects in coastal areas, the durability deterioration of reinforced concrete caused by various erosion factors has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, it is very important to develop in-situ, real-time and non-destructive monitoring technology for these ions. Here, we report a high-performance, flexible and all-solid-state chloride ion sensor fabricated by inkjet printing. Optimization of ink formulation, droplet-assisted printing, design of a unique functional interlayer interface structure, and precise control of active materials loading achieved excellent sensor characteristics. The sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, stability and quick response in chloride ion quantification. We confirmed the sensor's reliability and potential for on-site durability evaluation through successful real-time monitoring. The sensor accurately tracked the chloride ion concentration and distribution within the pore solution of cement specimens. The sensor design strategy also demonstrated the scalability for monitoring various erosion ions. This work provides a novel method that establishes a foundation for advancing the monitoring and maintenance of smart concrete infrastructure.
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PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2026
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IF 7.8
Jie Chen,Lianghui Li,Zhiliang Chen,Junwei Liu,Xiaoqing Lin,Xinyue Wang
The low-carbon utilization of carbonated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) as a cementitious material represents a promising strategy for achieving both harmless disposal and resource recovery. However, the occurrence and transformation mechanisms of heavy metals within cementitious systems remain poorly understood, constraining their environmental safety and long-term stability. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted carbonation was employed to pretreat FA, enhancing dechlorination, carbonation, and dealkalization, thereby reconstructing its mineral composition and chemical environment. The ultrasonically carbonated FA (UFA) was subsequently incorporated into cement paste. pH-dependent leaching experiments combined with geochemical modeling elucidated the mineral phase transformations of major and trace elements in RFA, UFA, and FA-blended systems. In UFA-cementitious systems, ultrasonic carbonation reduced the alkalinity and ionic strength of FA, stabilized Ca and Mg as carbonate phases, transformed sulfur from gypsum to ettringite (AFt), and promoted the synergistic formation and densification of C-S-A-H gels and AFt phases. Anionic elements (As, Cr) were immobilized through adsorption on Fe oxides, complexation with organic ligands, and lattice substitution within AFt, while cationic metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) were stabilized via the formation of insoluble carbonates and hydroxides, as well as encapsulation within C-S-A-H gels. Through these synergistic mechanisms, heavy metal solubility was markedly suppressed over the pH range of 6–13, thereby maintaining the OPTI of UFA and cementitious matrices at a Low-risk level. This study reveals the elemental stabilization mechanisms involved in ultrasonic carbonation and hydration-gelation processes in FA, underpinning the improved environmental stability of FA-derived cementitious systems.
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 12.4
Jiameng Liu,Tianchi Cao,Tong Zhang,Thilo Hofmann,Wei Chen
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely recognized soil and groundwater contaminants of global concerns. Beyond directly compromising groundwater quality, PFAS may alter the fate and transport of coexisting contaminants, posing additional ecological and human health risks. In this study, we demonstrate that PFAS elevate the risk of colloid-facilitated contaminant transport in groundwater. Specifically, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), one of the most commonly detected PFAS in groundwater, increases the mobility of three soil colloids (Entisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol), thereby promoting the transport of decabromodiphenyl ether associated with the colloids. In contrast, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), another commonly detected PFAS, has negligible impact on the co-transport of colloids and contaminants. Using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, atomic force microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that despite the fact that PFOS and PFOA have very similar molecular structures, PFOS adsorbs more strongly to aquifer materials and forms aggregates on sand grains, thereby creating steric repulsion that inhibits the attachment of soil colloids. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized risk associated with PFAS, particularly near point sources and spill sites wherein PFAS concentrations are high, and underscore the need for a deeper understanding of the structure–activity relationships governing PFAS interfacial processes.
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Processes
·
2025
·Vol. 13
·期 10
·3203
·
IF 2.8
Kaster Kamunur,Olesya Tyumentseva,Lyazzat Mussapyrova,Aisulu Batkal,Ardak Karagulanova,Rashid Nadirov
Coal ash represents an abundant secondary resource of rare earth elements (REEs), but their recovery is hindered by low concentrations in leachates and the presence of large amounts of competing matrix elements such as Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg. In this study, a stepwise pH-controlled precipitation approach was applied to real sulfuric acid coal ash leachates for selective recovery of Ce and La. The process combined impurity scrubbing, oxidative precipitation of Ce, and phosphate precipitation of La. Nearly complete recovery was achieved, with >95% of both Ce and La recovered and >99% phase purity. Selectivity analysis further demonstrated strong discrimination of REEs over matrix elements, with Ce showing >400 selectivity over Fe, Al, and Ca, and La showing ~170 over the same ions and ~17 over Ce. These results show the efficiency of the approach under realistic multi-element conditions.
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FUEL
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Ke Ren,Suxia Ma,Yuchuan Feng,Nuo Xu,Shanshui Bai
The cooperative treatment of fly ash and fuel gas of coal-fired plants is a promising way. In this study, circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFBFA), gypsum, Portland Cement (PC) and water were mixed and pelleted, with carbonation curing by fuel gas to prepare the composite gravel. Experimental results showed that C S H gel and ettringite were the main hydration products and calcite was the main carbonation product. The highest strength of the composite gravel reached 11.11 MPa at 28d which was positively related to the absorption rate of CO 2 , and the CO 2 absorption rate reached 4.789 %. Both hydration and carbonation reactions contributed positively to strength. The carbonation process caused a higher Si 2p binding energy, and the addition of gypsum led to a higher binding energy of Ca 2p. The addition of gypsum increased the porosity and main pore diameter. The porosity and main pore diameter determined the strength of composite gravel. It was observed that gypsum acted as a catalyst to promote the formation of hydration products and carbonation products. This study provided a theoretical support for the preparation of composite gravel which was a substitute for river sand and natural gravel.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2023
·Vol. 33
·期 31
·2303306
·
IF 19
Weicheng Gao,Jie Chang,Xueping Li,Sidi Li,Yuwei Zhou,Xin Hou,Lixia Long,Jin Zhao,Xubo Yuan
With the emergence of various hydrogels with excellent functions, the air-drying of hydrogels has attracted extensive attention. Improving the water retention capacity is critical in the application of hydrogels. Herein, inspired by the dense aggregation structure of natural hydrophilic macromolecules, hydrophilic substances (gelatin and glycerol) are first applied to enhance the water retention capacity of hydrogels by constructing a quenched double-hydrophilic coating. The weight retention ratio of the modified hydrogels is increased to 72.5% at 25 °C and 40 RH% after 5 days. Furthermore, the construction of hydrophilic coating on the surface does not affect the mechanical properties, and the modified hydrogels still retain strong water retention capacity after loading. In addition, this approach is applicable to hydrogels with different shapes and types, and various materials can be selected. Therefore, the proposed method provides new insights for expanding the application scope and service life of hydrogels.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Yingying Luo,Hongjiao Wu,Junpeng Qiao,Jiaming Zhang,Kai Liu,Liqing Zou,Ying Chen,Pengcheng Lin
It is still a big challenge to develop state-of-art thermal energy storage materials based on phase-change materials (PCMs) with superior thermophysical properties and wearability for efficient advanced personal thermal management (PTM). A novel strategy for synthesizing thermal energy storage gel with sandwich structure by confining the inorganic PCM gel in the organic PCM gel was proposed to maximize the advantages of inorganic PCMs, organic PCMs and gel materials. Octadecane and sodium sulfate decahydrate were selected as the organic PCM and inorganic PCM, respectively to satisfy the requirements of the working temperature of PTM. The thermal energy storage gels with sandwich structure demonstrate superior thermophysical properties, such as the absence of supercooling (0 °C), high latent heat (158.65 J g −1 ), high form-stability (no leakage), high cyclic stability (200 cycles) and high economic benefits (4.85 × 10 −3 ¥ J −1 ). Besides, they also have excellent wearability, such as high flexibility, self-healing feature and high biocompatibility. Due to the synergistic enhancement effect and various merits, the novel thermal energy storage gels are successfully utilized in the wearable PTM for human body thermal comfort. The inorganic–organic combination methodology is promising for the highly efficient applications of PCMs in the next-generation PTM.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry B
·
2022
·Vol. 11
·期 2
·303-315
·
IF 7.571
Xiao-Dan Li,Da-Wei Yan,Hao-Hao Ren,Qi-Yi Zhang,Yong-Gang Yan
Osteoporosis is a growing public health concern worldwide. To avoid extra surgeries, developing biodegradable bone cement is critical for the treatment of osteoporosis. Herein, we designed calcium phosphate/calcium sulfate cement reinforced with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC/OPC). It presents an appropriate physicochemical performance for clinical handling. Meanwhile, CMC/OPC bone cement promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Results of the immune response in vitro and in vivo confirmed that increasing the cellulose content triggered macrophage switching into the M2 phenotype and CMC/OPC exhibited significant anti-inflammation. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo degradation demonstrated that cellulose tailors the degradation rate of composite bone cement, which achieved a linear degradation process and could degrade by more than 90% for 12 weeks. In summary, the composite bone cement CMC/OPC is a promising candidate for bone repair applications.
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MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
·
2023
·Vol. 44
·期 19
·2300324
·
IF 4.6
Zeyu Cui,Chen Liu,Shiqiang Fang,Junbin Xu,Zhi Zhao,Jiaquan Fang,Zehao Shen,Zhenhua Cong,Jian Niu
Drawing inspiration from Salicornia , a plant with the remarkable ability to thrive in harsh environments, a conductive hydrogel with high toughness and ultra-stability is reported. Specifically, the strategy of pre-cross-linking followed by secondary soaking in saturated salt solutions is introduced to prepare the PAAM-alginate conductive hydrogel with dual cross-linked dual network structure. It allows the alginate network to achieve complete cross-linking, fully leveraging the structural advantages of the PAAM-alginate conductive hydrogel. The highest tensile strength of the obtained conductive hydrogel is 697.3 kPa and the fracture energy can reach 69.59 kJ m −2 , significantly higher than human cartilage and natural rubbers. Specially, by introducing saturated salt solutions within the hydrogel, the colligative properties endow the PAAM-alginate conductive hydrogel with excellent water retention and anti-freezing properties. The prepared conductive hydrogels can work stably in an ambient environment for more than 7 days and still maintain good mechanical behavior and ionic conductivity at −50 °C. Benefiting from the excellent comprehensive performance of conductive hydrogels, wearable human-machine interfaces that can withstand large joint movements and are adapted for extreme environments are prepared to achieve precise control of robots and prostheses, respectively.
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