CHEMOSPHERE
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2016
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IF 3.698
Weiping Xie,Wei Dong,Deyang Kong,Yuefei Ji,Junhe Lu,Xiaoming Yin
Sulfate radicals (SO 4 − ) generated by activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and persulfate (PS) are highly oxidative and applied to degrade various organic pollutants. This research was designed to investigate formation of halogenated by-products in Co 2+ activated PMS process in the presence of halides and natural organic matter (NOM). It was revealed that no halogenated by-products were detected in the presence of Cl − while 189 μg/L bromoform and 100.7 μg/L dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) were found after 120 h when 2 mg/L NOM, 0.1 mM Br − , 1.0 mM PMS, and 5 μL Co 2+ were present initially. These products are known as disinfection by-products (DBPs) since they are formed in water disinfection processes. Formation of DBPs was even more significant in the absence of Co 2+ . The data indicate that both PMS and SO 4 − can transform Br − to reactive bromine species which react with NOM to form halogenated by-products. Less DBP formation in Co 2+ -PMS systems was due to the further destruction of DBPs by SO 4 − . More DBPs species including chlorinated ones were detected in the presence of both Cl − and Br − . However, more brominated species produced than chlorinate ones generally. The total DBP yield decreased with the increase of Cl − content when total halides kept constant. This is one of the few studies that demonstrate the formation of halogenated DBPs in Co 2+ /PMS reaction systems, which should be taken into consideration in the application of SO 4 − based oxidation technologies .
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理技术
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2022
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IF 8.91
Lu Wang,Yaqun Yu,Guoqiang Liu,Junhe Lu
Tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), an emerging brominated flame retardant , can cause neurotoxic and cytotoxic effects to human physiology . In this study, the degradation of TBBPS in Co 2+ activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation process was explored. In particular, brominated by-products formed during the degradation of the TBBPS were examined. It was found that TBBPS could be effectively removed in the Co 2+ /PMS oxidation process. The pseudo-first-order rate constants were 0.13 min −1 at 0.2 mM PMS and 0.5 μM Co 2+ initially. It appeared that TBBPS degradation occurred via and HO attacks, but played a dominant role. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) greatly inhibited the transformation of the TBBPS, which can be explained by the scavenging of the radical species. β-Scission, debromination, and cross-coupling were identified as the main reaction pathways of TBBPS degradation in the Co 2+ /PMS system. Further oxidation and ring-opening of the intermediates generated brominated by-products including bromoform, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid. The formation of the brominated by-products increased gradually in approximately 48 h. But, the presence of NOM reduced the yields of the brominated -by-products. The findings of this study indicate that organic bromine contaminants can be effectively removed but lead to brominated by-products in the activated PMS oxidation process, which should be taken into consideration when -based oxidation technology is applied.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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水处理
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PubMed
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COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
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2025
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IF 4.3
Xiaoyu Mao,Dashuang Mo,Mengzhu Lv
Disinfection by-products are widespread contaminants formed during water disinfection processes, with bromoacetic acids (BAAs), including bromoacetic acid (BAA) and dibromoacetic acid (DBAA), frequently detected in swimming pools, spas, and tap water. Although their environmental occurrence is well documented, the in vivo organ-specific toxicity of BAAs remains poorly understood. In this study, zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) were employed to investigate the developmental and cardiotoxic effects of BAA and DBAA, individually and in combination. Exposure to BAA or combined BAA/DBAA significantly increased mortality and reduced hatching rates, whereas DBAA alone showed no significant effect on hatching. Both compounds induced morphological abnormalities, including reduced body length, swim bladder defects, and pericardial edema. Cardiac assessments revealed enlarged pericardial areas, decreased heart rates, and downregulation of key cardiac developmental genes. BAAs also elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the heart, upregulated ROS-generating genes, and suppressed antioxidant genes. Furthermore, BAAs reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation, increased γH2AX-positive cells, and upregulated apoptosis-related genes, indicating DNA damage and apoptosis. Co-treatment with the antioxidant N -acetylcysteine mitigated pericardial edema and reduced γH2AX-positive cells, confirming a central role of oxidative stress in BAAs-induced cardiotoxicity. These findings demonstrate that BAA and DBAA impair zebrafish heart development through oxidative stress–mediated disruption of cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. This study highlights the need for further evaluation of BAA and DBAA toxicity to better understand their potential health risks in humans.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Baoquan Liu,Lianchong Shao,Jiayun Yu,Feipeng Huang,Chengpu Chu,Shaoping Tong,Laiquan Li,Huan Wu,Yinghua Xu,Bin Liu
Halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) pose significant health risks owing to their widespread occurrence and high toxicity in drinking water. Traditional water treatment technologies often fail to remove these toxic compounds without generating secondary pollutants. Herein, we report a sustainable and highly efficient electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) strategy using a delicately designed ruthenium nanoparticle-modified electrochemical‑hydrogen-membrane (Ru NPs-EHM) reactor, which enables the complete conversion of halogenated DBPs into non-toxic products without the need for supporting electrolyte. The reactor achieves >99.9% conversion of 12 representative halogenated DBPs, with minimal formation of hazardous intermediates. The exceptional catalytic performance is attributed to the strong adsorption capability of Ru nanoparticles and the unique EHM configuration, which enhances both ECH selectivity and efficiency. This work presents a breakthrough in water treatment technology, offering a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and scalable solution for the safe purification of drinking water.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Yujie Chai,Fupeng Li,Huawei Shi,Junjun Cao,Shuai Wang,Yan Wang,Gaohui Liu,Ruiyan Xiong,Junqi Gan,Chuanjie Fang,Liping Zhu
Haloacetic acids (HAAs), a class of disinfection by-products (DBPs) commonly found in potable water, pose significant risks to human health. It is challenging for conventional membrane filtration technologies to efficiently remove HAAs from water due to their small molecular sizes, as size-sieving effects often dominate the separation process. In this work, a nanofibrous membrane was developed for the rapid and effective adsorptive removal of HAAs from water. A two-step intensified strategy was employed to fabricate the adsorptive membrane: polyethyleneimine (PEI) was incorporated during electrospinning to provide abundant amine-based adsorption sites, followed by a co-deposition process involving PEI and dopamine (DA) to enhance interfacial contact between water and the membrane. The resulting membrane exhibited a high specific surface area, significant porosity, and improved hydrophilicity, all of which contributed to its strong adsorption capacity for HAAs. As a result, the membrane demonstrated an exceptional water flux of up to 260 L·h −1 ·m −2 under a 2.5 cm water column, with dihaloacetic acids (DCAA) treating capacity of 36 mg·m −2 and a removal efficiency exceeding 93%. Furthermore, an adsorptive membrane module with an effective area of 0.27 m 2 was fabricated, achieving an ultrahigh treating capacity of 297 mg·m −2 for five HAAs, a removal efficiency exceeding 99%, and a water flux of 370 L·h −1 ·m −2 ·bar −1 —two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional membranes. This work presents a simple yet highly effective strategy for the enhanced removal of DBPs, highlighting its strong potential for practical applications in drinking water purification.
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TALANTA
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2025
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IF 6.1
Xueyun Wei,Baorong Zhang,Zhuomin Zhang,Gongke Li
Haloacetic acid (HAA) disinfection by-products (DBPs) with high polarity, low concentration and significant health hazard are widely present during disinfection processes, particularly iodinated and brominated acetic acids. Due to the lack of selective enrichment media, current sample preparation methods are insufficient for efficient enrichment of low concentrations of HAA DBPs in complex samples, which usually influences the analytical sensitivity and accuracy. In this study, a modulator-induced defect formation strategy was employed to prepare defective UiO-66-NH 2 (D-UiO) as a selective enrichment medium which was further fabricated as membrane solid-phase extraction (M-SPE) to efficiently enrich HAA DBPs. The structure and enrichment performance of the D-UiO medium was studied in detail. D-UiO exhibited good extraction selectivity for the five target DBPs in the presence of structural analogs as interfering compounds. Then, a sensitive quantification method by D-UiO based M-SPE was developed for trace brominated and iodinated acetic acid DBPs in tea drinks coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of detection of the method were in the range of 5.0-15.0 ng/L, and the recoveries were in the range of 78.3%-124%. By combining a ten-pass syringe pump with M-SPE technology, this method enabled batch sample processing and significantly reduced pre-treatment time. The method developed was efficient, selective, sensitive, and accurate for the analysis of hazardous HAA DBPs in complex tea drinks.
研究领域:
环境科学
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分析化学
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 11.3
Yu-Jia Nong,Qian-Yuan Wu,Yuan-Chu Qin,Zi-Bo Jing,Er-Dong Wang,Qing Bai,Wen-Long Wang
UV/sulfite technologies offer promising advanced reduction processes (ARPs) for the degradation and dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs), but are limited by the low absorption of sulfite at a conventional wavelength of 254 nm (UV254). This study introduces a wavelength-optimized far-UVC KrCl* lamp (UV222)/sulfite as transformative ARPs. Sulfite exhibited 45.6-fold stronger absorption at 222 nm compared with 254 nm, coupled with a higher innate quantum yield (Φinnate) of 0.128 mol·Ein–1 versus 0.115 mol·Ein–1. This wavelength optimization generated 29.2-fold higher steady-state concentration of eaq–, with optimal performance at basic pH (>9) and moderate sulfite dosages (0.4–0.75 mM). HOC degradation and dehalogenation showed clear structure-dependent patterns. The enhancive effect of UV222 over UV254 negatively correlated with HOCs’ susceptibility to UV photolysis due to competitive absorption between sulfite and target compounds. Electron-withdrawing halogens significantly favored reductive degradation over oxidation, enabling UV222/sulfite to outperform UV222/H2O2 by 1.3–37.1 times in degradation and 1.9–48.6 times in dehalogenation efficiency, with prominent enhancement particularly for polyhalogenated HOCs. In real water matrices, nitrate and nitrite inhibited HOCs’ degradation through UV absorption and eaq– scavenging. Compared with UV254/sulfite, UV222/sulfite reduced energy costs by 92.7% and required lower sulfite doses. This study provides insights into the wavelength-matching mechanism for UV/sulfite, offering an economical and efficient solution for the remediation of recalcitrant HOCs.
研究领域:
环境科学
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光化学
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水处理
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化学工程
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污染修复
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PubMed
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
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2018
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IF 7.051
Lei Wang,Yanan Sun,Baiyang Chen
Among available technologies to ensure drinking water security, reverse osmosis (RO) has become the gold-standard for purification due to its maturity and reliability. However, high energy consumption and low water recovery are the major impediments for extensive adoption of RO. Multi-stage RO process is an innovative system design that can offer a more effective way to improve energy efficiency and water recovery, but it is rarely employed for disinfection by-product (DBP) treatment in drinking water. Thus, this study applied multi-stage RO to treat water containing haloacetic acids (HAAs), a prevalent class of DBPs with widespread occurrence and high toxicity, under a variety of environmental and operational conditions. Overall, we found that >75% HAAs were rejected and 87% of water was recovered with a five-stage RO process. For compounds with identical number of halogen substitutions, iodinated, brominated, and chlorinated HAAs were almost equally removed; however, highly halogenated species were easier to be rejected than lowly halogenated HAAs. By developing quantitative structure-activity relationship models, the importance of size exclusion, charge repulsion, and hydrophobic interaction effects on multi-stage RO removal was revealed. Environmental and operational variables like pH, operating pressure, water matrix, and membrane age also played important roles in this process. Increasing pH from 6.5 to 8.5 and membrane age apparently enhanced HAA rejections. In contrast, HAA rejection increased only slightly from an operating pressure of 4–6 bars but decreased markedly from 6 to 8 bars. Compared to ultrapure water, equal or higher removal efficiency was observed for HAAs spiked to tap water . Considering the need to balance water quality and quantity, a four-stage RO was preferred under this study's condition.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理工程
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2017
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IF 6.216
Lei Wang,Ruilan Niu,Baiyang Chen,Liwei Wang,Guan Zhang
In order to better understand the haloacetic acid (HAA) photodegradation process, this study investigated the kinetics, mechanisms, and products of seven chlorinated (Cl-), brominated (Br-), and iodinated (I-) HAAs irradiated with 254 nm ultraviolet light (UV 254 ). The photodegradation rates of HAAs by UV 254 alone were found to increase with increasing halogenation degrees (i.e., tri > di > mono) and molecular weights (i.e., I > Br > Cl), and the kinetic trends from both literature and this study were well captured by a quantitative structure activity relationship model, which reveals that molar absorptivity of compound is the most important property of HAAs in defining its photo-susceptibility. Interestingly, although direct photolysis was dominant for all HAAs removal, indirect photolysis via generation of hydroxyl radicals due to photodecomposition of degradation intermediates such as formic acid also contributes partially (26–47%) to the losses of Cl-HAAs. Degradation products and pathways varied significantly among HAAs too. While Cl-HAAs mainly underwent mineralization with carbon dioxide being the major product, Br- and I-HAAs experienced stepwise dehalogenation and decarboxylation processes, which resulted in substantial halogen-free organic compounds. The common products of HAAs photolysis are halide(s), formic acid, formaldehyde, and halomethanes, symbolizing three concurrent pathways. Overall, the findings clearly demonstrated the dramatic differences between Cl- and Br-/I-HAAs, and indirectly evidenced the presence of hydroxyl radical during HAA irradiation even without addition of catalyst.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学
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水处理工程
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2022
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IF 14.224
Wei Ma,Wenyu Li,Yang Yang,Jie Yang,Baiyang Chen,Yuefeng Xie
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are a type of disinfection byproducts commonly found in drinking water with carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic risks to humans. Currently, the analytical methods of trace HAAs are either labor-intensive or very expensive. We herein propose a facile multiple-step extraction strategy for HAAs analysis with common ion chromatography (IC). This study is based on a fundamental water chemistry principle that HAAs become protonated featuring positive log K ow values (> 0.34) under pH < pK a but deprotonated featuring negative log K ow values (< −2.37) under pH > pK a . By taking advantage of the species and property switches, HAAs can be extracted and enriched into methyl tert -butyl ether first at pH < 0.5 and then back-extracted into neutral water and enriched again. Equally important, interfering anions in IC chromatogram are eliminated because they have negative log K ow values. Verification results show that HAAs were enriched by 11.4 times in average while interfering anions were almost eliminated (> 99%). Although similar to USEPA Method 552.3 in method detection limits (0.033–0.246 μg/L), recoveries (70%~110%), and relative standard deviations (< 9.91%), this method took ≤ 70 min to run a batch of samples without derivatization, which takes over 2 h. The methodology may be applicable to other pollutants that also have contrasting K ow values at different pH.
研究领域:
环境科学
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分析化学
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
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2022
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IF 5.304
Yang Yang,Wei Ma,Baiyang Chen,Chong Peng,Wang Luo,Huan He
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are a group of disinfection byproducts ubiquitously found in disinfected drinking water and they are currently regulated by some governments. Conventional HAAs analytic methods employ either gas chromatography (GC), two-dimensional ion chromatography (2D-IC), or ion chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS) to reduce the effect of interfering compounds and enhance detection resolution; however, they are either laborious in sample preparation procedures or too expensive to be used by common laboratories. To bypass these problems, this study proposes to analyze HAAs by employing a one-pump column-switching ion chromatography (OPCS-IC) that allows direct sample injection without requiring extraction and derivatization pretreatments. Unlike 2D-IC method, which uses two pumps and two parallel sets of IC columns, this method applies only one pump and one column. The tailored OPCS-IC removes coexisting anions from water and enriches HAAs simultaneously, thereby distinguishing HAAs from interfering anions and magnifying the signals of HAAs. For example, when HAAs were enriched by five times, the coexisting F − , Cl − , Br − , NO 3 – , and SO 4 2− were removed by 62.4%, 93.9%, 99.7%, 99.9%, and 98.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the recoveries of HAAs dosed into real samples ranged from 84% to 102%, similar to those obtained from conventional GC method, meaning that the convenience of this method did not compromise its performance. The study hence proves an easy-to-use and relatively cheaper method for measuring HAAs in drinking water.
研究领域:
环境科学
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分析化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
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2023
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IF 3.8
Chunge Wu,Yicui Wang,Xuewen Cai,Yao Wu,Erdeng Du,Lu Zheng,Mingguo Peng
Haloacetic acid (HAAs) has been shown in studies to be teratogenic and mutagenic. The toxicity of HAAs to macromolecules and their mechanism of action are still unclear. To further explore the potential impact of HAAs on organisms, this study used multi-spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT), and molecular docking to analyze the characteristics and mechanisms of five typical HAAs interactions with HSA. Multispectral analysis indicates that the binding energies of the interactions between the five HAAs and HSA are weaker than other HSA-ligand complex systems. The order of binding constants at 298 K was as follows: DBAA (458.14 L mol −1 ) > TCAA (374.71 L mol −1 ) > DCAA (242.89 L mol −1 ) > MBAA (140.73 L mol −1 ) > MCAA (102.05 L mol −1 ). The quenching processes of the interactions between the five HAAs and HSA belong to static quenching, an exothermic reaction process. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces are the main driving forces in the formation process of the HSA-HAAs complex. Molecular docking results indicate that TCAA, DBAA, and DCAA are more likely to bind with HSA. Correlation analysis based on DFT calculations reveals the intrinsic relationship between the chemical structural features of HAAs and the binding performance of HSA-HAAs. For the first time, the research discovered that among the quantum chemical descriptors, the highest ALIE maximum, the highest ESP maximum, and the maximum local electrophilic index f − (r) all correlate well with the HSA-HAAs binding constants. Their correlation coefficients are 0.83, 0.94, and -0.56, respectively, which can effectively predict the binding performance of HAAs with HSA. In-vitro toxicity experiments on LO2 cells show that within the concentration range of 0.002–10 mmol·L −1 , MBAA, MCAA, and DBAA exhibit higher toxicity to normal human liver cells. In contrast, DCAA and TCAA show low or no toxicity. Through comprehensive research combining experimental and theoretical analysis, the mechanism of HSA-HAAs has been deeply revealed. This holds significant scientific value for assessing the environmental risks of HAAs and understanding their impact on biological activities.
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