Polymers
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 11
·1679
·
IF 4.329
Yanning Zeng,Weiming Yang,Shuxin Liu,Xiahui Shi,Aoqian Xi,Faai Zhang
Thermoset polymers show favorable material properties, while bringing about environmental pollution due to non-reprocessing and unrecyclable. Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry or reversible exchange boronic ester bonds have been employed to fabricate recycled polymers with covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Herein, a novel type of CANs with multiple dynamic linkers (DA chemistry and boronic ester bonds) was firstly constructed based on a linear copolymer of styrene and furfuryl methacrylate and boronic ester crosslinker. Thermoplastic polyurethane is introduced into the CANs to give a semi Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (semi IPNs) to enhance the properties of the CANs. We describe the synthesis and dynamic properties of semi IPNs. Because of the DA reaction and transesterification of boronic ester bonds, the topologies of semi IPNs can be altered, contributing to the reprocessing, self-healing, welding, and shape memory behaviors of the produced polymer. Through a microinjection technique, the cut samples of the semi IPNs can be reshaped and mechanical properties of the recycled samples can be well-restored after being remolded at 190 °C for 5 min.Keywords:CANs;semi IPNs;self-healing
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Jie Pan,Xueliang Chen,Yizhen Chen,Wendi Liu,Mingen Fei,Renhui Qiu
An adhesive serves as a vital tool in construction, repair, and rehabilitation projects. Typically crafted from polymer materials such as epoxies or polyurethane latex, it facilitates the creation of resilient bonds between a variety of surfaces, ranging from concrete-concrete and metal-concrete to concrete-composites. However, employing epoxy or polyurethane individually as adhesives often demonstrate insufficient performance and weak interfacial adhesion during service. In this study, an adhesive combining polyurethane and epoxy was synthesized, featuring an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure. This innovative agent was created using polyols sourced from soybean oil and a commercial epoxy resin. By tuning the infusion of polyurethane content, the resultant resin exhibited favorable flowability in civil applications, simultaneously improved strength and toughness due to the IPN structure, and outstanding thermal stability. Notably, the incorporation of 20 wt% polyurethane yielded a polymer with a remarkable tensile strength of 35.9 MPa. Additionally, the bonding adhesion of the prepared resins on concrete specimens was investigated through splitting tensile test and shear strength test. The study explored the influences of polyurethane content, concrete strength, and adhesive layer thickness on interfacial bonding strength. The introduction of an IPN structure within the PU-20 agent proved advantageous for enhancing the bonding adhesion of the concrete, resulting in remarkable interfacial tensile and shear strengths of 4.56 MPa and 21.73 MPa, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
土木工程
·
高分子化学
·
建筑材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 44
·期 37
·16045-16053
·
IF 3.288
Yang Ma,Mingming Li,Keren Shi,Zhifeng Chen,Baozhong Yang,Deyu Rao,Xiawei Li,Wei Ma,Shaozhang Hou,Guojing Gou,Huiqin Yao
Based on semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogel films, a multiple stimuli-responsive film system composed of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and N,N-diethyl acrylamide (DEA), designated as PAA–PDEA semi-IPN films, was realized on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface with a one-step polymerization method. Rutin (RT), an electroactive probe, displayed invertible pH-, thermo- and SO42− concentration–sensitive cyclic voltammogram (CV) behaviors in the film system. This multiply sensitive electrocatalysis of RT at the PAA–PDEA films was employed to further investigate the multiple stimuli-responsive ON–OFF behaviors of RT. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and control experiments showed pH-sensitive ON–OFF properties of RT, which could be ascribed to the protonated/deprotonated carboxylic (–COOH) groups of the PAA component in different pH buffers and the properties of RT itself. However, the confirmation change or phase transition of the PDEA hydrogel film between the coil and globular states led to thermo- and SO42− concentration–sensitive ON–OFF properties. According to these results, a 3-input/3-output logic gate and a 2-to-1 encoder were constructed successfully. This present system was fabricated for the first time, which may offer numerous possibilities for the design of new electrochemical drug sensors, drug-mimicking release processes and other medical applications. Furthermore, it also can contribute to the development of biomolecular or molecular computing.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Handong Shi,Shijiao Li,Kai Han,Chuanhao Xu,Lei Gao,Fan Liao,Yanpeng Lv,Yurong Zhang,Chongwei An
This study presents a strategy for developing CL-20 (Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzita-ne)-based energetic composites with enhanced mechanical properties and intrinsic safety through the synergistic design of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) /PAA (polyacrylic acid) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) and direct ink writing (DIW) technology. Based on the “hydrogen bond-covalent bond-plasticization” synergistic reinforcement strategy, an IPNs gel system with tunable mechanical properties was developed. After optimizing the polymer ratio (4:3), Crosslinking agent (1 %), and glycerol content (17.5 %), a balance between toughness, ductility, and strength was attained. The DIW-printed structure exhibited excellent molding accuracy and interfacial adhesion (0.924 MPa to aluminum). System characterization demonstrated that the IPN structure achieved uniform CL-20 distribution and controlled porosity, significantly enhancing its mechanical properties, safety, and detonation performance. Its elastic modulus is close to that of engineering plastics(4.504 GPa), the hardness is between soft rubber and hard plastics (0.107 GPa), and the compressive strength is higher than that of typical PBX explosives (15.64 MPa). By using PVA/PAA IPNs, a “topological entanglement-passivation defect” mechanism was established to suppress mechanical sensitivity. Compared to submicron ε-CL-20, the molded sample reduced impact sensitivity by 33.3 % and friction sensitivity by 128.6 %. Additionally, detonation propagation was achieved in a 1.2 × 1.2 mm charge slot within a 90°-160° corner range, with the critical detonation transmission size reaching 0.3 × 0.3 mm and the detonation velocity maintained at 7362 m/s (82.4 % theoretical detonation velocity). This study offers a scalable manufacturing framework for developing energetic devices that combine mechanical properties, intrinsic safety, and adaptability to complex structures.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
·
先进制造
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2020
·
IF 4.231
Fuyuan Ding,Yang Zou,Shuping Wu,Xiaobo Zou
Recent years have witnessed great developments in self-healing biopolymeric hydrogel. However, it is difficult to balance the trade-off between self-healing and mechanical properties which limits the applications of these hydrogels. In this article, an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel was fabricated by combining the network of acrylamide-modified chitosan crosslinked with oxidized alginate and the network of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This hydrogel showed self-healing ability and improved mechanical properties. The hydrogel could self-heal after incubating for 12 h without external stimulus. In addition, the hydrogels showed better toughness than pure acrylamide-modified chitosan or PVA hydrogel. The IPN hydrogels can recover its original shape after a compression strain of 80%, which exhibited excellent recoverability. Interestingly, the free ions in chitosan and alginate endued the hydrogels with electric conductivity of 0.0046 S cm −1 . This self-healing and conductive hydrogels can be used as wires to light LED bulb and be assembled into an electrochromic device . We anticipate that this IPN hydrogel with self-healing, conductive and enhanced mechanical properties can be applied in different engineering fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2020
·
IF 2.87
Rui Ma,Tianbo Zhao,Hongrong Pu,Mingliang Sun,Yonghong Cui,Xiaoqian Xie
Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on triisocyanate-terminated poly(urethane-imide)s (PUIs) were prepared by in situ interpenetrating reactions between modified polyurethane (PU) with different ratios of polyimide (PI). The effects of PU, which was made from hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene modified with triisocyanate, and the amounts of PI on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and crystalline character of the IPNs were discussed. Triisocyanate-terminated PUI showed that the highest tensile strength was 38 times that of the diisocyanate-terminated materials. Supramolecular cross-linking from an additional hydrogen-bonding network of modified PU and the degree of interpenetration with a regular imide structure of PI were introduced, which accounted for the remarkable improvement in mechanical properties of IPNs. Preferable thermal stability and glass transition temperature for the hard segment of IPNs were rewarded with increasing PI content. X-ray diffraction revealed vigorous segmental mixing between the soft and hard segments of modified PUI. Scanning electron micrographs showed the “fibrous assembly” morphology and short-range-ordered structure of modified PUI.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2022
·
IF 7.613
Y. Xu,Z. Li,X. Sun,K. Zhu,N. Yang,Y. Liu,Q. He,C. Li
Benzoxazine resins are widely used as matrix resins of composites in the aerospace industry. For example, auxiliary power units and center bodies of an aircraft are usually made by polybenzoxazine composites, and these parts should be replaced periodically for aviation safety. So, resins used in this field would better be strong and economically maintainable. However, traditional polybenzoxazines, which are formed by irreversible crosslinked networks, show brittle and undegradable. These two disadvantages may not only cause component malfunction but also huge maintenance costs. Considering these two points above, we developed a new kind of resin by employing an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure into polybenzoxazine. A series of IPNs were prepared using 3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazine-6-carbaldehyde (HB) and poly-(hexahydrotriazine) (PHT), by thermal polymerization . Various proportions of these two monomers were studied and their mechanical, thermal, and degrade properties were characterized. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) proves that intermolecular H-bonds (OH⋯O) exist between PHB and PHT, which facilitate the formation of homogeneous phase in IPNs. Tension test results show that mechanical properties especially the toughness of these IPNs increase sharply. The minimums of tensile strength and breaking elongation we acquired are 94.29 MPa and 5.63%, respectively, which exhibit 180% and 250% higher than those of pure PHT. In addition, we find that when the molar ratio of PHB/PHT is 2.4, tensile strength of the polymer (PHB/PHT-2.4) exhibits a highest value of 122.75 Mpa, and breaking elongation reaches 9.60%. At the same time, it shows the highest glass transition temperature (T g ) of 211 °C by dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA), compared with PHT and IPNs of the other proportions. Additionally, PHB/PHT IPNs exhibit a good solution degradability, when immersed for 36 h in a mixed solution, which was prepared by hydrochloric acid/tetrahydrofuran (1:4) mixed solvent. IPNs prepared by PHB/PHT could be totally broken in the solution above, except for PHB/PHT-4.8.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
·
2021
·Vol. 38
·期 4
·669-680
·
IF 4.2
Wang Yeying,Li Qilong,Zhou Jing-e,Tan Jingwen,Li Minghao,Xu Nan,Qu Feng,Chen Jian,Li Ji,Wang Jing,Liang Zhiqiang,Yu Lei,Wang Yiting,Yan Zhiqiang
Purpose To address the issue of local drug delivery in tumor treatment, a novel nanoparticle-hydrogel superstructure, namely semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) hydrogel composed of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) and incorporated with paclitaxel (PTX) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (PEGDA-HA/PLGA-PTX), was prepared by in situ UV photopolymerization for the use of local drug delivery. Methods Using the gelation time, swelling rate and degradation rate as indicators, the optimal proportion of Irgacure 2959 initiator and the concentration of HA was screened and obtained for preparing hydrogels. Next, paclitaxel (PTX) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-PTX NPs) were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. Results The mass ratio of the initiator was 1%, and the best concentration of HA was 5 mg/mL in PEGDA-HA hydrogel. In vitro experiments showed that PLGA-PTX NPs had similar cytotoxicity to free PTX, and the cell uptake ratio on NCI-H460 cells was up to 96% by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The drug release of the PEGDA-HA/PLGA-PTX hydrogel local drug delivery system could last for 13 days. In vivo experiments proved that PEGDAHA/PLGA-PTX hydrogel could effectively inhibit the tumor growth without causing toxic effects in mice. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the PEGDA-HA/PLGA-PTX hydrogel is a promising local drug delivery system in future clinical applications for tumor therapy. Graphical abstract
A photopolymerized semi-interpenetrating polymer networks-based hydrogel incorporated with paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles was fabricated by in situ UV photopolymerization, providing a promised nanoplatform for local chemotherapy of tumors.
研究领域:
生物材料学
·
肿瘤学
·
药剂学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2013
·Vol. 34
·期 2
·288-292
·
IF 1.482
Meiju Liu,Guojing Song,Jin Yi,Yonggang Xu
The graphite-filled polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate) (PU/P(MMA-BMA)) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were synthesized by sequential method. The influences of graphite particle content and size on the 60/40 PU/P(MMA-BMA) IPNs were studied. The damping properties of IPN composites were evaluated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) and cantilever beam resonance methods. The mechanical performances were investigated using tensile and hardness devices. DMA results revealed that the incorporation of graphite particles improved damping properties of IPNs significantly. The 5% graphite-filled IPN composite exhibited the widest temperature range and the highest loss factor (tan δ) when the test frequency was 1 Hz. As to the damping properties covering a wide frequency range from 1 to 3,000 Hz, the addition of graphite particles broadened the damping frequency range (Δ f , where tan δ is above 0.3) and increased the tan δ value of IPNs. Among them, the composite with 7.5% graphite showed the best damping capacity. And the hardness and the tensile strength of IPN composites were also improved significantly. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2015
·Vol. 22
·期 5
·1-14
·
IF 1.92
Li Yinwen,Guo Huilong,Gan Jianqun,Zheng Jian,Zhang Yan,Wu Kun,Lu Mangeng
Thermal-responsive hydrogels poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(aminoethyl methacrylate β-cyclodextrin)] (PNiCD) were synthesized, and the morphology, thermal behavior and swelling/deswelling kinetic of the PNiCD hydrogels were studied. The results indicate that PNiCD hydrogels not only had considerable swelling ratios and rapid swelling/deswelling kinetics, but also behaved with fast thermal response sensitivities. In addition, by adjusting the weight ratio of GCD/NIPAAm ratio PNiCD hydrogels with different macroporous and thermal-responsive performances can be prepared for potential application in the biological medicine field. Levofloxacin lactate (LL) and rhodamine B (Rh) were elected as model drugs to explore controlled drug release for PNiCD hydrogels. The results showed that about 30 % of the LL and Rh were released within the first 30 min, and 80 % drugs were released at around 300 min, and this release process was faster than that of PNIPAAm hydrogel. The fast release performance indicated that these new CD modified PNIPAAm-based PNiCD hydrogels are promising for use in rapid drug delivery in the biological medicine field.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
药物递送
·
高分子材料
·
智能响应材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2020
·Vol. 30
·期 14
·1910426
·
IF 16.836
Yuyao Li,Leitao Cao,Xia Yin,Yang Si,Jianyong Yu,Bin Ding
Particulate matter (PM) has taken heavy tolls on the global economy and public health, calling for air filters that can remove PM from high-temperature emission sources. However, creating desirable filter media capable of capturing polydisperse fine particles (PFPs) effectively and enduringly, while also withstanding high speed airstream, is extremely challenging. Here, a biomimetic and bottom-up strategy to prepare superelastic, strong, and thermostable nanofibrous aerogels (NFAs) as cascade filters by assembling semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN)-based nanofibers into a gradient architecture is reported. Inspired by the robust loofah sponges originating from stiff cellulose networks, the mechanical property of NFAs is enhanced via tailoring the chain flexibility of heat-resistant semi-IPNs. Further constructing a gradient cellular architecture endows NFAs with a versatile cascade filtration behavior for capturing polydisperse fine particles. The resultant semi-IPN-based gradient NFAs exhibit temperature-invariant superelasticity, a high compressive stress (7.9 kPa) and modulus (12 kPa), high filtration efficiency (>99.97%, PM 0.3 ), low pressure drop (≈50% that of membranes), and ultrahigh dust-holding capacity (114 g m −2 ). The fabrication of this attractive material paves the way for designing next-generation air filters for industrial dust removal.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
仿生学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Qi Wu,Hui Ye,Xu Yang,Huicong Liu,Haining Chen,Weiping Li
Silicone modified epoxy resin (EPS) is synthesized through the condensation reaction of methoxy and hydroxy groups , which improves the compatibility of epoxy resin and silicone rubber (SR). EPS and SR are blended and cured at room temperature . Through the self-locking method of chain segments, an EPS/SR interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with limited microscopic morphology and excellent macroscopic properties is obtained, which effectively solves the problems of Pure SR's low binding force and poor thermal properties. Furthermore, an IPN-based ablation thermal protection coating (ATPC) is also prepared. Compared with the classic SR-based ATPC, the IPN-based ATPC has higher mechanical strength and better ablated surface state, and a stable carbon layer is formed during the ablation process, which is carried out through a coordinated mechanism of thermal blockage and thermal barrier.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）