Journal of Fungi
·
2024
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·151
·
IF 4.2
Xianran Zhu,Shaoying Zhang,Youwei Yu,Shengwang Li,Chao Yang,Yuan Chang
Alternaria alternatais the main pathogenic fungus of postharvest black spots in fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to explore the antifungal activity of methionine onA. alternatain vitro and to reveal related antifungal mechanisms through a metabolomics analysis. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of L-methionine (Met) treatment on mycelium growth, spore germination, and the germ tube elongation ofA. alternatawere enhanced with an increase in the Met concentration, but the inhibitory effects decreased when the Met concentration was higher than 50 mmolL−1. The results of propidium iodide staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that the Met treatment damaged the plasma membrane integrity of theA. alternataspores and caused an irreversible deformation of mycelium. In addition, after the Met treatment, the leakage of electrolytes, nucleic acid, and proteins in theA. alternatacells was significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that the Met treatment increased the permeability of the cell membranes. Eighty-one different metabolites, divided into seven categories, were identified through the metabolomics analysis, including forty-three downregulated metabolites and thirty-eight upregulated metabolites. Among them, these differential metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid synthesis and metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the TCA cycle. Therefore, the antifungal effect of the Met treatment onA. alternatawas mainly to damage the integrity of the cell membranes, make nucleic acid and protein contents leak, and affect the TCA cycle, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid synthesis metabolism, and the metabolic pathways associated with cell membrane biosynthesis. Thus, the growth and development ofA. alternatawere inhibited. The research enriched the investigation of the effect of the antifungal mechanism of Met treatment onA. alternataand provided a theoretical basis for the application of Met to prevent and treat postharvest black spots in fruits and vegetables.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
食品科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2023
·Vol. 24
·期 11
·9673
·
IF 5.6
Zitong Yuan,Yiwei Li,Yuke He,Kun Qian,Yongqiang Zhang
The overuse of copper-based fertilizers and pesticides over the last few decades has resulted in detrimental risks to our environment. Nano-enabled agrichemicals with a high effective utilization ratio have shown great potential for maintaining or minimizing environmental issues in agriculture. Copper-based nanomaterials (Cu-based NMs) serve as a promising alternative to fungicides. Three types of Cu-based NMs with different morphologies were analyzed for their different antifungal effects onAlternaria alternatain this current study. Compared to commercial copper hydroxide water power (Cu(OH)2WP), all tested Cu-based NMs, including cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs), copper nanorods (Cu NRs) and copper nanowires (Cu NWs), especially Cu2O NPs and Cu NWs, showed higher antifungal activity againstAlternaria alternata. Its EC50were 104.24 and 89.40 mg L−1, respectively, achieving comparable activity using a dose approximately 1.6 and 1.9-fold lower. Cu-based NMs could introduce the downregulation of melanin production and soluble protein content. In contrast to trends in antifungal activity, Cu2O NPs showed the strongest power in regulating melanin production and protein content and similarly exhibited the highest acute toxicity to adult zebrafish compared to other Cu-based NMs. These results demonstrate that Cu-based NMs could offer great potential in plant disease management strategies.Keywords:cuprous oxide nanoparticles;copper nanorods;copper nanowires;nano-pesticide;zebrafish;Alternaria alternata
研究领域:
农业科学
·
纳米技术
·
毒理学
·
植物病理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Fungi
·
2024
·Vol. 10
·期 11
·801
·
IF 4.2
Di Wang,Lingkui Meng,Haijue Zhang,Rong Liu,Yuhan Zhu,Xinyu Tan,Yan Wu,Qingchao Gao,Xueyan Ren,Qingjun Kong
Black spot, one of the major diseases of kiwifruit, is caused byAlternaria alternata. A comprehensive investigation into its pathogenicity mechanism is imperative in order to propose a targeted and effective control strategy. The effect of L-arginine on the pathogenicity ofA. alternataand the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that treatment with 5 mM L−1of L-arginine promoted spore germination and increased the colony diameter and lesion diameter ofA. alternatain vivo and in vitro, which were 23.1% and 9.3% higher than that of the control, respectively. Exogenous L-arginine treatment also induced endogenous L-arginine and nitric oxide (NO) accumulation by activating nitric oxide synthase (NOS), arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). In addition, exogenous L-arginine triggered an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by activating the activity and inducing gene expression upregulation of NADPH oxidase. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2.−) levels were 15.9% and 2.2 times higher, respectively, than in the control group on the second day of L-arginine treatment. Meanwhile, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression levels were enhanced, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR). In addition, exogenous L-arginine stimulated cell wall-degrading enzymes in vivo and in vitro by activating gene expression. These results suggested that exogenous L-arginine promoted the pathogenicity ofA. alternataby inducing the accumulation of polyamines, NO, and ROS, and by activating systems of antioxidants and cell wall-degrading enzymes. The present study not only revealed the mechanism by which low concentrations of L-arginine increase the pathogenicity ofA. alternata, but also provided a theoretical basis for the exclusive and precise targeting ofA. alternatain kiwifruit.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
分子生物学
·
植物生理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 6.751
Hui Kong,Xincheng Fu,Xia Chang,Zemin Ding,Yang Yu,Haishan Xu,Rongrong Wang,Yang Shan,Shenghua Ding
Alternaria alternata is the principal pathogenic fungus causing postharvest black spot disease of Korla pear, leading to enormous economic losses. This study aimed to explore the antifungal activity of ferulic acid (FA) and its two simple esterified derivatives, methyl ferulate (MF) and ethyl ferulate (EF), against A. alternata in vitro and in vivo , and to reveal the underlying inhibitory mechanisms. The results showed that MF and EF exhibited stronger inhibitory effects than FA on mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation of A. alternata in vitro , and on reducing the development of black spot disease in Korla pear fruit. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the surface morphology of A. alternata hyphae treated with FA, MF, and EF presented irreversible deformation, and transmission electron microscopy observation further demonstrated that MF and EF caused more serious damage to the cell membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles of A. alternata than FA, which impeded the normal growth of A. alternata . Notably, EF was slightly better than MF in inhibiting spore germination and damaging cell ultrastructure of A. alternata . In addition, propidium iodide staining suggested that FA, MF, and EF treatments damaged the plasma membrane integrity of A. alternata spores. At the same conditions, MF and EF treatments induced more leakage of intercellular electrolytes, nucleic acids and proteins of A. alternata than FA, indicating the increase of cell membrane permeability . Taken together, all these results evidenced that MF and EF exerted stronger antifungal activity than FA against A. alternata in vitro and in vivo through membrane damage mechanism, therefore they can be used as promising green substitutes to control postharvest black spot disease on Korla pear fruit.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
植物化学
·
食品科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）