MOLECULES
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2016
·Vol. 21
·期 5
·540
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IF 2.465
Wenhao Xu,Jingbo Yu,Wen Feng,Weike Su
A novel method for the selective extraction of gardenia yellow and geniposide fromGardenia Jasminoides, based on a mechanochemical method is described. Without the need of complex separation techniques, gardenia yellow compliant with the national standard could be extracted in a simple fashion. The optimal ball-milling conditions determined were as follows: 30% g/g. active carbon milling at 200 rpm in a planetary mill for 5 min. The extraction conditions of the milled mixtures were as follows: the milled mixtures were extracted with water (liquid-solid ratio 10:1) at 20 °C for 5 min with yields 85% of total geniposide, followed by extraction with 80% ethanol solution (liquid-solid ratio 5:1) and 1% g/g. Tween 20 at 75 °C for 5 min to yield 1.45% ± 0.108% g/g of gardenia yellow. The mechanism of this selective extraction was demonstrated to follow a microstructure change of activated carbon, which occurred during milling and lead to alteration of the corresponding desorption capacities. Compared with traditional extraction methods, this novel extraction technique greatly simplifies the separation process, and proves to be advantageous in terms of low organic solvent consumption, easy operation, rapid process and high efficiency.Keywords:Gardenia jasminoides;gardenia yellow;geniposide;mechanochemistry;selective extraction
研究领域:
植物化学
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药用植物学
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分离技术
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
·
2017
·Vol. 32
·期 3
·e4126
·
IF 1.613
Fuguo Shi,Hong Pan,Yi Li,Linyan Huang,Qin Wu,Yuanfu Lu
Genipin (GP), an active metabolite of geniposide (GE), exhibits more potent pharmacological effects than its parent compound. In this paper, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and fully validated for the simultaneous determination of GE and GP in rat plasma. We found that GP degraded rapidly in rat plasma at room temperature as a result of irreversible binding with the endogenous nucleophiles in plasma. GP was stable when the sample's pH was ≤4.0. The degradation of GP in rat plasma was well prevented by immediate addition of 5% glacial acetic acid to the freshly collected plasma. The detection was performed on a tandem mass spectrometer coupled with electrospray ionization source in negative mode. Quantification was conducted by multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions [M + CH 3 COO] − m/z 447.3 → 225.3 for GE and [M − H] − m/z 225.2 → 123.1 for GP. The method exhibited high sensitivity (LLOQ 1 ng/mL for GE and 0.2 ng/mL for GP) by selecting the acetate adduct ions as the precursor ions for GE. The robust developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of GE.
研究领域:
药物分析
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药理学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 6.1
Yulin Zhao,Haoyan Huang,Ning Lv,Chunyan Huang,Huili Chen,Han Xing,Chaorui Guo,Ning Li,Di Zhao,Xijing Chen,Yongjie Zhang
Genipin (GP), the reactive metabolite of geniposide (GE), is responsible for GE-induced hepatotoxicity. As a potential detoxification pathway, the inactivation of GP by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) has not yet been characterized. In this study, the thiol-GSH conjugates of GP, M532-1 and M532-2 were first identified and the catalytic activities of GSTs were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. GSTA1-1 and GSTA4-4 showed high activity in the formation of both thiol-GSH conjugates, whereas GSTA4-4 specifically catalyzed M532-2 formation in vitro. The active GST isoforms protect against alkylation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a classic model nucleophile. GST inhibition attenuated M532-1 formation in rat bile, confirming the in vivo catalytic role of GSTs. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the inactivation of GP by GSTs and implied that interindividual variability of GSTs may be a risk factor for susceptibility to GE-induced hepatotoxicity.
研究领域:
药理学
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毒理学
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生物化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A
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2016
·Vol. 104
·期 11
·2712-2722
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IF 3.263
Liming Ge,Yongbin Xu,Weijie Liang,Xinying Li,Defu Li,Changdao Mu
Genipin is an ideal cross-linking agent in biomedical applications, which can undergo ring-opening polymerization in alkaline condition. The polygenipin can create short-range and long-range intermolecular cross-linking between protein chains. In this article, the polygenipin with different degree of polymerization was successfully prepared and used to fix gelatin composite materials. The short-range and long-range cross-linking effects of polygenipin were systematically studied. The results show that the composite materials present porous structure with tunable pore sizes in the gel state, which can be easily controlled by adjusting the degree of polymerization of polygenipin. Long-range cross-linking can increase the pore size of the gel. However, during the drying process, the composite films cross-linked by polygenipin with higher degree of polymerization shrank to smaller size to create more compact structure, resulting in the improvement of water resistance properties, thermal stability, tensile strength, and darker color for the composite films. It is interesting that the composite films can partly swell to the original gel structure when in contact with water and saturated water vapor. All the composite films have excellent barrier properties against UV light. However, the compatibility of gelatin and polygenipin is reduced when the degree of polymerization of polygenipin increases to a certain extent, which will result in the formation of phase separation structure. The obtained composite films are ideal candidates for food and pharmaceutical packaging materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2712–2722, 2016.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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材料科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
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2022
·Vol. 179
·期 16
·4078-4091
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IF 9.473
Hailou Zhang,Yan Sun,Suk-yu Yau,Yanmeng Zhou,Xinxin Song,Han-Ting Zhang,Boran Zhu,Haoxin Wu,Gang Chen
Background and Purpose Current mainstream antidepressants have limited efficacy with a delayed onset of action. Yueju, a herbal medicine, has a rapid antidepressant action. Identification of the active ingredients in Yueju and the mechanism/s involved was carried out. Experimental Approach Key molecule/s and compounds involved in this antidepressant action was identified by transcriptomic and HPLC analysis, respectively. Antidepressant effects were evaluated using various behavioural experiments. The signalling involved was assessed using site-directed pharmacological intervention or optogenetic manipulation. Key Results Transcriptomic analysis showed that Yueju up-regulated pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression in the hippocampus. Two iridoids, geniposide and shanzhiside methyl ester, were identified and quantified from Yueju. Only co-treatment with both, at an equivalent concentrations found in Yueju, increased PACAP expression and elicited a rapid antidepressant action, which were blocked by intra-dentate gyrus infusion of a PACAP antagonist or optogenetic inactivation of PACAP expressing neurons. Geniposide and shanzhiside methyl ester co-treatment rapidly inhibited CaMKII phosphorylation and enhanced mTOR/4EBP1/P70S6k/BDNF ignalling, while intra-dentate gyrus infusions of a CaMKII activator blunted the rapid antidepressant action and BDNF expression up-regulation induced by the co-treatment. A single co-treatment of them rapidly improved depression-like behaviours and up-regulated hippocampal PACAP signalling in the repeated corticosterone-induced depression model, further confirming the involvement of PACAP. Conclusion and Implications Geniposide and shanzhiside methyl ester co-treatment had a synergistic rapid onset antidepressant action by triggering hippocampal PACAP activity and associated CaMKII–BDNF signalling. This mechanism could be targeted for development of fast onset antidepressants. Graphical
研究领域:
药理学
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神经科学
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中药
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PubMed
高影响因子
Redox Biology
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2022
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IF 10.787
Meng Song,Zijun Chen,Ruian Qiu,Tingwei Zhi,Wenmin Xie,Yingya Zhou,Nachuan Luo,Fuqian Chen,Fang Liu,Chuangpeng Shen,Sheng Lin,Fengxue Zhang,Yong Gao,Changhui Liu
The excessive accumulation of bile acids (BA) in hepatocytes can trigger inflammatory response and recruit macrophages, thereby accelerating cholestatic liver injury. The crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of cholestasis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that BA initiate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hepatocytes to release proinflammatory cytokines and promote the communication between hepatocytes and macrophages, thus enhancing liver inflammation in an NLRP3-dependent manner. NLRP3-inhibition by geniposidic acid (GPA), a novel NLRP3-specific covalent inhibitor that directly interacts with NLRP3, in hepatocytes and macrophages abated BA-induced inflammation. Moreover, NLRP3 -deletion or its inhibition mitigated ANIT-induced cholestatic inflammation, whereas disrupting the crosstalk between hepatic macrophages and hepatocytes attenuated the hepatoprotective effect of GPA against ANIT-induced cholestatic inflammation. Therefore, blocking this crosstalk by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cholestasis.
研究领域:
肝病学
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免疫学
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药理学
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PubMed
高影响因子
CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
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2025
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IF 2.5
Ma Qi,Ma Yu,Sun Shizhuo,Yang Lei,Shi Tian,Zhang Boxi,Shang Bo,Zhou Ruiyuan,Liu Jingyuan,He Jiao,Hu Jing,Cao Yanjun
Geniposide (GE), an iridoid glycoside from Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis , exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, and neuroprotective properties. The excessive presence of corticosterone (CORT) can lead to neurotoxicity and inflict harm upon nerve cells. This study aimed to examine GE’s neuroprotective effects on CORT-induced damage in PC12 cells. Cells were pre-treated with GE for 3 h, then exposed to CORT for 24 h. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage were measured, apoptosis was assessed via flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence was used to detect MAP2 and PSD95 expression. The detection of glutamate (Glu) receptor, BDNF pathway, synaptic plasticity-related protein, and apoptosis pathway were performed using Western blot. The findings indicated that GE effectively prevented the reduction in cell viability, apoptosis, and LDH release caused by CORT. In PC12 cells, the expression of MAP2 and PSD95 were significantly enhanced by GE. Furthermore, GE reduced NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and Bax levels, increased EAAT2/3, Bcl-2, and proteins linked to BDNF and synaptic plasticity, and inhibited Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. GE shows neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic properties against CORT-induced cellular damage through BDNF pathway activation and Bax/Bcl-2 pathway suppression.
研究领域:
神经药理学
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细胞生物学
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植物化学
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分子生物学
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神经科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2023
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IF 10.7
Ye Zi,Cuiping Shi,Guangyi Kan,Jiawei Peng,Huan Gong,Xichang Wang,Jian Zhong
The development of genipin modification methods has attracted much attention to improve the functional properties of proteins in the fields of food science . In this work, two types of pH-responsive genipin-crosslinked bovine bone gelatin conjugates with high surface hydrophobicity were developed for emulsion stabilization. One was genipin molecule-crosslinked gelatin conjugates prepared at acidic pH and the other was genipin macromer-crosslinked gelatin conjugates prepared at neutral and basic pH. The degrees of crosslinking increased with the increase of preparation pH. They increased with the increase of genipin-to-gelatin mass ratios at acidic pH, whereas decreased with the increase of genipin-to-gelatin mass ratios at neutral and basic pH. The surface hydrophobicity values, molecular weights, and emulsifying properties (creaming stability, emulsion activity index, and emulsion stability index) of the obtained conjugates increased with the increase of both preparation pH and genipin-to-gelatin mass ratios. This work provided useful knowledge to understand how the preparation parameters (preparation pH and genipin-to-gelatin mass ratio) and genipin structures (molecule and macromer) affect a protein's degrees of crosslinking, physicochemical properties, and emulsifying properties.
研究领域:
食品科学
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高分子化学
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胶体与界面科学
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生物技术
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DOI
高影响因子
FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 2.9
Jin Chengyu,Wang Lingyun,Liu Xiaoying,Lu Yuanchao,Yu Ningxiang,Nie Xiaohua,Ye Qin,Meng Xianghe
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a representative for “homology of medicine and food”, can be used to produce pigment and edible oil. Here, aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) combined with puffing pre-treatment was explored to prepare oil from gardenia seeds. Both wet-heating puffing (WP) at 90 °C and dry-heating puffing (DP) at 1.0 MPa facilitated the release of free oil by AEE, resulting in the highest free oil yields (FOY) of 21.8% and 23.2% within 3 h, much higher than that of un-puffed group. Additionally, active crocin and geniposide were also completely released. The FOY obtained was much higher than mechanical pressing method (10.44%), and close to solvent extraction (25.45%). Microstructure analysis indicated that gardenia seeds expanded by dry-heating puffing (1.0 MPa) had a larger, rougher surface and porous structure than other groups. Overall, AEE coupled with puffing pre-treatment developed is an eco-friendly extraction technology with high efficiency that can be employed to oil preparation. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物技术
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化学工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
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2023
·
IF 8.4
Yuxin Gan,Chenyu Wang,Chenfeng Xu,Pingping Zhang,Shutong Chen,Lei Tang,Junbing Zhang,Huahao Zhang,Shenhua Jiang
The simultaneous extraction of crocin and geniposide from gardenia fruits ( Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) was performed by integrating natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Among the eight kinds of NADES screened, choline chloride-1,2-propylene glycol was the most suitable extractant. The probe-type ultrasound-assisted NADES extraction system (pr-UAE-NADES) demonstrated higher extraction efficiency compared with plate-type ultrasound-assisted NADES extraction system (pl-UAE-NADES). Orthogonal experimental design and a modified multi-index synthetic weighted scoring method were adopted to optimize pr-UAE-NADES extraction process. The optimal extraction conditions that had a maximum synthetic weighted score of 29.46 were determined to be 25 °C for extraction temperature, 600 W for ultrasonic power, 20 min for extraction time, and 25% (w/w) for water content in NADES, leading to the maximum yields (7.39 ± 0.20 mg/g and 57.99 ± 0.91 mg/g, respectively) of crocin and geniposide. Thirty-three compounds including iridoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and triterpenes in the NADES extract were identified by LC-Q-TOF-MS 2 coupled with a feature-based molecular networking workflow. The kinetics evaluation of the conjugated dienes generation on Cu 2+ -induced low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation via the four-parameter logistic regression model showed that crocin increased the lag time of LDL oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner (15 μg/mL, 30 μg/mL, 45 μg/mL) by 12.66%, 35.44%, and 73.42%, respectively. The quantitative determination for fluorescence properties alteration of the apolipoprotein B-100 exhibited that crocin effectively inhibited the fluorescence quenching of tryptophan residues and the modification of lysine residues caused by reactive aldehydes and malondialdehydes. The pr-UAE-NADES showed significant efficiency toward the simultaneous extraction of crocin and geniposide from gardenia fruits. And this study demonstrates the potential utility of gardenia fruits in developing anti-atherogenic functional food.
研究领域:
食品科学
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植物化学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Arabian Journal of Chemistry
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2024
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IF 5.3
Xiaoyu Zhang,Ruihu Zhang,Rui Li,Jiaxing Zhang,Yuefei Wang,Xin Chai,Yuefei Wang
Gardenia blue (GB), a natural active blue pigment, can be synthesized from iridoid glycosides and primary amino-containing compounds in vivo and in vitro . However, limited studies have reported GB synthetic intermediates, leading to unawareness of the formation mechanism of GB. Here, we reported that GB could be detected in rats′ feces, whose formation was simulated by in vitro reaction of amino acid-rich feces extract from rats and genipin (GP) metabolized from geniposide (GE) through β -glucosidase. Firstly, we proved that 14 amino acids (AAs) detected in rats′ feces containing primary amino groups can react with GP to produce GB. Then, taking histidine (His) as example, we characterized the key intermediates during the reaction process, including basic units genihistidine A (GH-A) and dimers. As an active basic unit, GH-A underwent covalent polymerization to form dimer, which then self-assembled into supramolecular spherical nanoparticles through multiple noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, and van der Waals interactions. Our study revealed the formation mechanism of GB and provided insights into the bioavailable form of GE from traditional Chinese medicine in vivo .
研究领域:
化学
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生物化学
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药理学
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中医药
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DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2024
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IF 5.6
Weikang Shen,Haobo Wang,Zhouzhe Lan,Guangzhi Xu,Qinxue Ni,Qiufen Mo,Youzuo Zhang,Yan Wang
Gardenia fruit oil (GFO) is a new emerging edible woody oil with few investigations of its’ refinement process. In this study, different degumming, deacidification and bleaching technologies were introduced for realizing moderate refining of the GFO based on the preservation of bioactive micronutrients. Firstly, a simple multi-stage solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with a lab- affordable HPLC-UV instrument was developed for determinations of several vital biological constituents, such as crocetin, geniposide, polyphenols, phytosterols and squalene in the GFO. Satisfactory limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery, intra-day and inter-day precision were obtained. Subsequently, changes of those phytochemicals during three types of degumming, followed by three kinds of deacidification and then three ways of bleaching were investigated, offering insightful suggestions for achieving moderate refining of the GFO. Finally, the refined GFO might be suggested as a potential functional edible oil with valuable micronutrients. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating moderate refinement techniques for GFO, as well as developing novel methods for phytonutrients analysis in the GFO.
研究领域:
食品科学
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分析化学
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植物化学
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）