Wei Xiang,Lin Li,Yunbo Dong,Zizhao Wang,Zifan Song,Mingwei Zhao,Caili Dai
The development of ultra-deep oil reservoirs has posed greater demands on the performance of profile control agents, which composed by hydrophilic polyacrylamide main chain, heterocyclic ring structure and rigid side groups fail to perform decently in temperature beyond 120 °C. In this study, a sulfonated polystyrene microsphere (SPS-2–3) featuring a “rigid hydrophobic core and soft hydrophilic shell” architecture was synthesized through concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation. At elevated temperatures, the hydrophilic sulfonated layer of SPS-2–3 exhibits increased thickness, alongside enhanced charge quantity and charge mobility. These changes facilitate a more uniform distribution of surface charges on SPS-2–3 and extend the spatial range of electrostatic interactions. Consequently, the fraction of bound water increases significantly from 4.37 % (room temperature) to 26.93 %, electrostatic repulsion between the SPS-2–3 is increased to 4.82 nN, endowing SPS-2–3 with superior dispersion stability under temperature surpassing 160 °C and salinity up to 20 × 10 4 mg·L -1 . The crude oil mobilization characteristics demonstrate that SPS-2–3 effectively enhances the mobilization efficiency of remaining oil in the matrix and achieves a 3.5-fold increase in injection pressure and 20.11 % increase in oil recovery. This study provides a new idea for designing high-performance profile control agents for applications in deep reservoir development.
Inspired by the structure features of micelle, we attempt to synthesize a novel functionalized mesoporous silica nanosphere consisting of a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell. The obtained solid materials were structurally confirmed by N2 sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their compositions were characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), solid state NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and elemental analysis. Its fundamental properties such as dispersibility in water or organic phase, wettability, and adsorption ability toward hydrophobic organics in water were investigated. It was revealed that these important properties could be facilely adjusted through varying structure and composition. In particular, these materials showed much better adsorption ability toward hydrophobic organic molecules in water than conventional monofunctionalized mesoporous materials, owing to possessing the hydrophobic/hydrophilic domain-segregated and hierarchically functionalized mesoporous structures. The intriguing properties would make mesoporous materials more accessible to many important applications, especially in aqueous systems.
The development of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis is highly associated with mechanical overloading, which can result in accelerated cartilage degradation and damage due to increased interfacial friction and the release of inflammatory factors and catabolic enzymes. In the present study, we for the first time developed self-assembled drug-free nanospheres with pharmaceutical-active functions, which could be used as an intra-articularly injected biolubricant for the treatment of TMJ osteoarthritis based on a synergistic therapy of enhanced lubrication, anti-inflammation, and antisenescence. The nanospheres possessed the hydrophobic core of dopamine methacrylamide and the hydrophilic shell of sulfobetaine methacrylate, which formed into spherical aggregates in aqueous solution by specific interactions following reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The biodegradation test, tribological test, and free radical scavenging test showed that the nanospheres were endowed with physiological stability, lubrication enhancement, and free radical scavenging capability. In addition, the in vitro cell test revealed that the nanospheres alleviated inflammatory and senescent phenotype for inflammation and oxidative stress stimulated chondrocytes. Furthermore, the in vivo animal test indicated that the nanospheres, after intra-articular injection into TMJ with an osteoarthritis environment, effectively protected condylar cartilage and subchondral bone from structural damage and attenuated cartilage matrix degradation and aging. In summary, the self-assembled nanospheres might be used as a promising biolubricant for achieving anti-inflammatory and antisenescent treatment of TMJ osteoarthritis.
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