Toxics
·
2025
·Vol. 13
·期 6
·452
·
IF 4.1
Shanshan Ji,Wei Wang,Yong Wang,Hexiang Bai,Zhuo Li,Zongli Huo,Kai Luo
The rapid increase in plastic production and consumption has intensified research into human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and their health effects. This study quantitatively assessed MNP internal exposure levels in non-invasive human samples, focusing on the four most common types of MNPs (≥300 nm): polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polystyrene (PS). Urine samples from 18 volunteers (4 males, 14 females) were analyzed using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) with P(E-13C2) as an internal standard. The study developed a straightforward yet effective analytical approach for quantifying MNPs in biological fluids. MNPs were detected in all urine samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.098 to 0.986 μg/mL and an average concentration of 0.268 ± 0.235 μg/mL. LDPE, 0.074 μg/mL (interquartile range: 0.030–0.243 μg/mL), was the most abundant polymer, accounting for 67.72% of the total MNPs, followed by PS at 21.17%, while PP and PET accounted for 7.06% and 4.05%, respectively. The results also suggest that drinking water type may serve as a distinct source of MNPs in urine. This study provides novel evidence on MNP (≥300 nm) internal exposure in humans and the influence of drinking habits, highlighting the application prospects of this method in assessing the potential health risks of MNPs.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 9.8
Li-Li Yao,Jun-Li Wang,Rong-Fa Xu,Ming Zhu,Yan Ma,Bin Tang,Qi-Yuan Lu,Feng-Shan Cai,Xiao Yan,Jing Zheng,Yun-Jiang Yu
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are potentially persistent, bioaccumulating, and toxic substances. However, limited data are available on the occurrence of LCMs in indoor and outdoor air particle matter (PM 10 ) in residential areas. Herein, residential areas near an e-waste dismantling center (Guiyu Town, Shantou City), as well as areas away from the e-waste site (Jiedong District, Jieyang City) were selected as the sampling areas. PM 10 was collected from the indoor environments of Guiyu (IGY) and Jieyang (IJY), as well as those from the outdoor environments (OGY and OJY) using the high-volume air samplers (TH-10000C). The levels of 57 LCMs in PM 10 were analyzed, and the highest concentrations of LCMs were found in IGY (0.970–1080 pg/m 3 ), followed by IJY (2.853–455 pg/m 3 ), OGY (0.544–116 pg/m 3 ) and OJY (0.258–35.8 pg/m 3 ). No significant difference was observed for LCM levels in indoor PM 10 between the two areas ( p > 0.05), which were significantly higher than those in outdoors ( p < 0.05), indicating that the release of electronic products in general indoor environments is a source of LCMs that cannot be ignored. The compositions of LCMs in outdoors were not consistent with those of indoors. The correlation analysis of individual LCMs suggested potential different sources to the LCMs in indoor and outdoor environments. The median daily intake values of Σ 46 LCMs via inhalation were estimated as 0.440, 1.46 × 10 −2 , 0.170 and 1.19 × 10 −2 ng/kg BW/day for adults, and as 2.27, 2.60 × 10 −2 , 0.880 and 2.10 × 10 −2 ng/kg BW/day for toddlers, respectively, indicating much higher exposure doses of LCMs indoors compared with the outdoors, and much higher doses for toddlers compared with adults ( p < 0.05). These results reveal the potentially adverse effects of LCMs on vulnerable populations, such as toddlers, in indoor environments.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2018
·
IF 4.732
Rui-Wen He,Yun-Zi Li,Ping Xiang,Chao Li,Xin-Yi Cui,Lena Q Ma
The effect of dust particle size on the distribution and bioaccessibility of flame retardants (FRs) in indoor dust remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed 20 FRs (including 6 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 4 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), and 2 dechlorane plus (DPs)) in composite dust samples from offices, public microenvironments (PME), and cars in Nanjing, China. Each composite sample (one per microenvironment) was separated into 6 size fractions (F1–F6: 200–2000 µm, 150–200 µm, 100–150 µm, 63–100 µm, 43–63 µm, and <43 µm). FRs concentrations were the highest in car dust, being 16 and 6 times higher than those in offices and PME. The distribution of FRs in different size fractions was Kow-dependent and affected by surface area (Log Kow=1–4), total organic carbon (Log Kow=4–9), and FR migration pathways into dust (Log Kow>9). Bioaccessibility of FRs was measured by the physiologically-based extraction test, with OPFR bioaccessibility being 1.8–82% while bioaccessible PBDEs, NBFRs, and DPs were under detection limits due to their high hydrophobicity . The OPFR bioaccessibility in 200–2000 µm fraction was significantly higher than that of <43 µm fraction, but with no difference among the other four fractions. Risk assessment was performed for the most abundant OPFR-tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate. The average daily dose (ADD) values were the highest for the <43 µm fraction for all three types of dust using total concentrations, but no consistent trend was found among the three types of dust if based on bioaccessible concentrations. Our results indicated that dust size impacted human exposure estimation of FRs due to their variability in distribution and bioaccessibility among different fractions. For future risk assessment, size selection for dust sampling should be standardized and bioaccessibility of FRs should not be overlooked.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 9.8
Juan Wu,Yugang Lai,Haofeng Zhu,Xindong Yang,Xintao Ye,Anping Zhang,Jianqiang Sun
The extensive application of phthalate esters (PAEs) as plasticizers has raised considerable concern regarding their environmental load, but the associated occurrence of PAE metabolites has often been ignored. The soil–plant system is a vital source of human exposure to PAEs via crop intake. Here, paired soil–plant samples were collected from eastern China to investigate the occurrence characteristics of seven PAE congeners and two primary monoester phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) in farmland. The detection frequencies of PAEs and mPAEs in the investigated soil–plant systems were 100 %. The total concentrations of PAEs in the collected soil and plant samples ranged from 0.07 to 1.83 mg/kg (dw) and from 3.9 to 24 mg/kg (dw), respectively. Moreover, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate were the predominant PAE congeners in the farmlands of eastern China, collectively accounting for >90 % of the total concentration of PAEs. In addition, the total concentrations of the two mPAEs were markedly higher in plant samples (49 ng/g dw to 549 ng/g dw) than in soil samples (3 ng/g dw to 22 ng/g dw), indicating that PAEs are readily metabolized in plants. The hazard index (HI) values of all PAEs in all crops were <1, demonstrating that the risks of PAEs in the crops were acceptable. However, the daily intake of mPAEs from the consumption of cabbage was higher than or comparable to that of some PAEs (such as di- n -octyl phthalate). This highlights the importance of taking metabolites into consideration in further environmental investigations and risk assessments of PAEs.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2020
·
IF 4.049
Luping Sun,Shuyun Zhu,Zhenjia Zheng,Jing Sun,Xian-En Zhao,Huwei Liu
Hydroxyl-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are biomarkers for assessing the exposure levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A series of stable isotope mass tags (SIMT-332/338/346/349/351/354/360/363/374/377) were firstly designed and synthesized to perform multiplexed stable isotope labeling derivatization (MSILD) of OH-PAHs in human plasma and urine. Their derivatives were enriched and purified by magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MDSPE) using prepared Fe 3 O 4 /GO and then determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode. 9-Plexed MSILD reagents were prepared using pipemidic acid as core structure with different isotope mass tags, in which carbonyl chloride group was used to label OH-PAHs. The SIMT-346 labeled OH-PAHs standards were used as internal standards, which can greatly increase the quantitative accuracy. 9-Plex labeled nine different real samples can be quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS in a single run. Under optimized MSILD-MDSPE conditions, good linearities of seven OH-PAHs were obtained with satisfactory coefficient of determination R 2 > 0.991. Limits of detection (LODs) of seven OH-PAHs were from 0.1 to 0.5 pg/mL, and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 pg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions ranged in 2.3–12.4% with accuracies in the range of 91.7–108.4%. Acceptable results of matrix effect (89.7–105.7%) and derivatization efficiency (> 96.4%) were obtained. In short, the developed method has been proved to be high-throughput, sensitive, accurate and easy-handling. This method was applied for the measurement of seven free OH-PAHs in human urine and plasma, and expected to provide technical support for the evaluation of PAHs exposure levels in humans.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
环境健康科学
·
医学检测
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Haixia Jin,Yong Wang,Junning Liu,Qun Gao,Jing Ji,Geyu Liang,Xiaoxia Gu,Kai Luo
Considering only parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a)pyrene as a representative compound, may underestimate the carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs), known for their higher toxicity relative to parent PAHs, are widely present in the environment. In this study, a novel, highly sensitive, and accurate method utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap high resolution MS (Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) was developed to quantify 15 amino-PAHs, which are metabolites of nitro-PAHs, in human urine samples. Our analysis revealed the presence of 10 out of the 15 targeted amino-PAHs in urine samples obtained from adults residing in Nanjing, China. The cumulative concentrations of the 10 amino-PAHs (∑ 10 amino-PAHs) in each urine sample ranged from not detected (ND) to 19.12 ng/mL, with mean and median concentrations of 2.85 and 2.09 ng/mL, respectively. Risk assessment using the potency equivalency factor (PEF) indicated that the mean estimated cancer risks for 1,6-dinitropyrene and 1,8-dinitropyrene, two dinitro-PAHs classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), were 2.96 × 10 −4 and 4.93 × 10 −5 , respectively, exceeding the commonly accepted risk threshold of 1 × 10 −6 , and indicating a potential public health concern. Overall, this study established a robust method for the identification and quantification of amino-PAHs in urine samples, highlighting the presence of nitro-PAHs, particularly dinitro-PAHs, in the human body and their significant yet often overlooked carcinogenic potential, necessitating further investigation and attention.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
·
毒理学
·
公共卫生
·
质谱分析
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）