INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 3.1
Dong Binbin,Hou Zong,Zheng Zhong,Xing Junpeng,Zhao Ningning,Liu Zhiqiang,Liu Shu
Ginseng polysaccharides have attracted research interest for their pharmacological value. In this study, the simplified combination of DEAE cellulose-52 ion-exchange column and ultrafiltration was designed to isolate a novel polysaccharide named GPA-G3-H from ginseng. The main components of GPA-G3-H were determined to be glucose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose. The structure of GPA-G3-H was further comprehensively characterized by zeta potential analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC–MS). GPA-G3-H existed in the semi-crystalline state, with its backbone predominantly composed of 1,4-Glcp and 1,3,6-Galp. Moreover, GPA-G3-H possessed high content of galactose and uronic acid, uniform molecular size, plentiful negative charge and the highly branched structure. The radical scavenging experiments showed GPA-G3-H had excellent antioxidant activity. In vitro studies further revealed that GPA-G3-H could attenuate insulin resistance by increasing PK and HK activity, suppressing G6Pase and PEPCK activity in IR-HepG2 cells. These findings indicate that GPA-G3-H holds significant promise as both an antioxidant and functional food ingredient.
研究领域:
药理学
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生物化学
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DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
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IF 9.8
Yan Zhu,Jiahui Yue,Ruyu Yan,Wenxin Xia,Tingting Li,Xueyan Fu
Ginseng, a widely used functional food and herbal medicine, contains ginsenosides as its primary active component. However, the low oral bioavailability of ginsenosides limits their therapeutic applications. Recent studies show that ginsenoside polysaccharides (GPSs) promote metabolism and biotransformation. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to investigate whether GPSs could effectively improve the oral absorption of ginsenoside components and to explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect. A GPS–ginsenoside Re complex was prepared and characterized. In vivo and in vitro experiments verified its absorption-enhancing effect. Results showed that the GPS–ginsenoside Re complex enhanced absorption through hydrogen bonding and protected ginsenoside Re from degradation. Mechanistic studies revealed that the GPS–ginsenoside Re complex promoted the absorption of ginsenoside Re by regulating the expression of four efflux proteins and two tight junction proteins. Therefore, GPSs can enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of ginsenosides, particularly for liver-related diseases.
研究领域:
药理学
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中药学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Advanced Healthcare Materials
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2025
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IF 9.6
De-yang Huo,Yan-fei Li,Ling-jie Song,Wen-xin Zhang,Xin-dian Li,Jing Zhang,Shen Ren,Zi Wang,Wei Li
Natural plant-derived polysaccharides exhibit substantial potential for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and favorable safety profiles. However, their practical application faces several challenges, including structural instability in gastric acid, imprecise targeting of inflamed regions, and limited intestinal retention times. To address these limitations, pH-responsive, colon-targeting microspheres (pWGPAC MSs) are developed for delivering phosphorylated wild ginseng polysaccharides (pWGP) to alleviate UC. These pWGPAC MSs are fabricated by incorporating pWGP into calcium-crosslinked alginate microspheres with subsequent chitosan surface modification to enhance mucosal adhesion. These pWGPAC MSs demonstrated exceptional stability under acidic conditions while enabling targeted release in the colon. In a mouse model of UC, the pWGPAC MSs effectively mitigated mucosal injury, attenuated inflammation, and restored intestinal barrier function. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that these pWGPAC MSs modulated the TLR4/MYD88 signaling pathway and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analyses demonstrated that these pWGPAC MSs regulated the gut microbiota composition and decreased pro-inflammatory metabolite levels. In addition, these microspheres demonstrated promising safety profiles. Collectively, these findings establish pWGPAC MSs as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of UC and provide a solid foundation for future clinical applications.
研究领域:
药学
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胃肠病学
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免疫学
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微生物学
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药物递送系统
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 6
Li Tao,Heyu Wang,Jingyi Wang,Jingwei Zhang,Lei Yu,Shixin Song
This study investigated glycosylation products via the Maillard reaction involving soy protein isolate (SPI)/soy peptide (SP) and ginseng polysaccharide (GP), examining their potential to enhance emulsion stability. SP-GP exhibited the highest grafting degree (55.69 ± 1.48%) in a notably brief reaction time (35 min) compared to SPI-GP (45 min). The amino acid compositions, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) imaging, scanning electron microscopy imaging, and circular dichroism spectroscopy verified the formation of SPI-GP/SP-GP conjugates. SDS-PAGE showed that SPI-GP and SP-GP formed new bands, with molecular weights exceeding 254 and 45 kDa, respectively. The highest grafting degree in SP-GP resulted in the largest proportion of random coil (10.97 ± 0.82%). SP-GP achieved the highest emulsifying activity (31.26 ± 0.68 m 2 /g) at pH 9. Notably, using SP-GP as an emulsifier resulted in the most homogeneous emulsion with the smallest particle size (2.10 ± 0.02 μm), smallest span (1.32 ± 0.02), and highest absolute Zeta potential (50.20 ± 0.87 mV). Its creaming index remained at 0.00% for 21 days. SP-GP's inclusion curbed oxidation reactions and significantly amplified the overall emulsion stability. Consequently, the remarkable attributes of SP-GP position it as a highly promising emulsifier for employment in emulsion preparation.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2022
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IF 6.449
Dongxue Cao,Enwei Wei,Zeyu Wang,Zhengyu Hu,Ling Qi,Hongli Zhou,Jingli Zhao
This paper aimed to elaborate the chemical characteristics of ginseng polysaccharide via chemical methods and instrumental analyses; additionally, the anti-glioma activity and immunostimulatory capacity were also evaluated via biological experiments. Ginseng polysaccharide by microwave-assisted extraction (MEGP) method was purified by spongiform diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE) and further separated by DEAE-52 column chromatography to obtain four MEGP fractions (MEGP-0, MEGP-1, MEGP-2, MEGP-3). Utilizing Zeta potential analyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), MEGPs were, for the first time, confirmed the valence state of C and O with the binding mode of elements, and all MEGP fractions contained triple-helix structure. MEGP-2 and MEGP-3 significantly reduced the cell growth rate of TJ905 and U87 , showing an inhibitory effect on glioma. Among four fractions, MEGP-2 markedly elevated the immunostimulatory capacity via the activation of MAPK signaling route, with an increasing the expression levels of p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK. In summary, this paper laid a solid foundation for the development of ginseng, as a promising drug or tonic, in the fields of anti-glioma and immunoregulation.
研究领域:
药理学
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肿瘤学
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免疫学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Food & Function
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2022
·Vol. 14
·期 2
·796-809
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IF 6.317
Ni-Na Xie,Cheng-Ying Wu,Qiong Ge,Jing Zhou,Fang Long,Qian Mao,Song-Lin Li,Hong Shen
Ginseng polysaccharides (GPs) have shown gut microbiota-related antitumor effects. However, the relation between their structures and antitumor functions remains unknown. Here, crude polysaccharide (GP-c) and its fractions neutral polysaccharide (GP-n) and pectin (GP-a) were prepared for structure characterization and anti-B16F10 melanoma effect evaluation, and their influence on gut microbiota diversities and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also analyzed. Spearman correlations among the altered gut microbiota, SCFAs, and antitumor effects were conducted to elucidate the structure–function relationships. It was shown that the structures of GP-c, GP-n, and GP-a varied in monosaccharide composition and molecular weight distribution. GP-n and GP-c showed anti-melanoma effects, whereas GP-a promoted its growth slightly. GP-n and GP-c restored SCFAs levels such as acetic acid and butyric acid; moreover, it improved the gut microbiota ecosystem by upregulating the abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium. However, the restoration effect of GP-a was weak, or even worse. In addition, these two bacteria were negatively correlated with the tumor weight and related with the altered SCFAs. In conclusion, GP-n is essential for the anti-melanoma effects of GP, and the potential mechanisms might be related with its specific regulation of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium abundance, and tumor-associated SCFAs levels. The outcomes highlighted here enable a deeper insight into the structure–function relationship of GP and propose new opinions on its antitumor effect.
研究领域:
药理学
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肿瘤学
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微生物学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2025
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IF 12.5
Chaoyu Li,Shengjin Zhou,Siyu Chen,Zhen Xu,Qinbing Xue,Hao Wang,Ting Liu,Wei Chen,Jie Feng,Jingjing Chen,Miao Yu,Bing Wang,Zheng Qi
A novel ginseng polysaccharide (GP-A) was investigated for its immune modulation and anti-tumor effects in an S180 sarcoma mouse model. GP-A, with a molecular weight of 1.121 × 10 4 g/mol, primarily consists of a polysaccharide main chain formed by →4)-α-D-Glc p -(1 → sugar residues, along with 1,3,5-Ara f and 1,5-Ara f side chains. In vivo, GP-A improved immune organ recovery and serum cytokine levels, restoring immune balance by downregulating IL-10 and upregulating TNF-α and IL-6. GP-A enhanced IL-6-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling, promoting splenic immune cell proliferation and activation, thereby improving the host's anti-tumor immune response and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. Oral administration of GP-A (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) for 10 days significantly reduced tumor size, volume, and weight, with the 400 mg/kg group achieving a 66.52 % tumor inhibition rate (96.91 % in the CTX group). Additionally, GP-A improved gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by the tumor, increasing Lactobacillus abundance while decreasing Alloprevotella and Bacteroides . It also elevated short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, particularly propionate and butyrate, maintaining gut microecological balance. GP-A exhibited milder and safer immune modulation, suggesting its potential as a novel immune modulator for cancer therapy.
研究领域:
免疫学
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肿瘤学
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微生物组学
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中药药理学
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分子生物学
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转化医学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Physiology
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2019
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IF 3.201
Yang C. M.,Han Q. J.,Wang K. L.,Xu Y. L.,Lan J. H.,Cao G. T.
Antibiotic resistance is a major issue in animal industries and antibiotic-free alternatives are needed to treat infectious diseases and improve performance of pigs. Plant extracts have been suggested as a potential solution. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (Aps) and ginseng polysaccharide (Gps) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune function, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and microfloral community in weaned piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three treatment groups during a 28-days feeding experiment, including a basal diet (Con), basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Aps (Aps), and basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Gps (Gps). Results showed that both Aps and Gps increased body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion rate, and reduced the rate of diarrhea. Gps also decreased aspartate aminotransferase compared to the Con piglets after 14 days. No significant effects on alanine aminotransferase were observed. Both Aps and Gps piglets exhibited higher serum immunoglobulin M levels after 14 and 28 days, and also decreased jejunal crypt depth, increased jejunal villus length and villus height/crypt depth ratio, and increased expression of toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, nuclear factor-kappa B proteins in the jejunum. Aps and Gps piglets also had higher concentrations of acetic acid, isobutyric acid, and butyrate in their colon. Data of high-throughput sequencing revealed that Aps and Gps affected bacterial quantity and diversity in the colon. Species richness and evenness were higher in both Aps and Gps piglets than the control piglets. Aps and Gps piglets also had a higher relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Anaerostipes, and the Aps piglets had a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri and L. amylovorus. Therefore, dietary supplementation with Aps and Gps could be beneficial for optimizing the performance of industry pigs and reducing dependence on antibiotics. Furthermore, Plant polysaccharides play a great role in promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry.
研究领域:
动物科学
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营养学
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微生物学
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免疫学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
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2025
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IF 4.7
Yang Zhang,Shan Zhao,Huayu Wang,Chunpo Ge
Cysteine (Cys), a pivotal biothiol involved in protein synthesis, metabolism, and detoxification, plays essential roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulation of Cys levels is associated with diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular conditions, and hepatic pathologies. Despite advancements in Cys detection, probes specifically designed for lipid droplet (LD)-targeted Cys monitoring remain scarce. Here, we report the development of a fluorescent probe, DCI-HBT-Cys , for the selective detection of Cys within LDs. The probe features an acrylate-based recognition unit for specific nucleophilic cyclization with Cys and a hydrophobic DCI-HBT-OH fluorophore enabling efficient LD localization. DCI-HBT-Cys exhibits remarkable properties, including high selectivity, a large Stokes shift (240 nm), excellent photostability, and pH stability in the physiological range (pH 6–9). In vitro and cellular assays demonstrate the probe's ability to sensitively detect endogenous and exogenous Cys with minimal interference from related biothiols (e.g., Hcy, GSH). Furthermore, DCI-HBT-Cys enables real-time imaging of Cys upregulation in various cell lines, including HeLa and HepG2 cells, in response to ginseng polysaccharide stimulation. Co-localization studies confirm the probe’s LD-targeting specificity, while quantitative fluorescence analysis highlights its potential for precise Cys monitoring. These findings underscore the utility of DCI-HBT-Cys as a powerful tool for elucidating the intricate interplay between Cys metabolism, oxidative stress, and LD-associated cellular processes, paving the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
研究领域:
分析化学
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生物化学
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细胞生物学
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荧光成像
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医学诊断
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分子生物学
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药理学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2022
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IF 5.195
Siming Wang,Yuchu Zhao,Junjie Yang,Shichao Liu,Weifeng Ni,Xueyuan Bai,Ze Yang,Daqing Zhao,Meichen Liu
Ethnopharmacological relevance Panax ginseng C.A. Mey (PG) is famous for “Qi-tonifying” effect, which has a medicinal history of more than 2 millennia. Modern pharmacology has confirmed that the “Qi-tonifying” effect of PG may be closely related to its pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidation, antineoplastic and treatment of cardiovascular disease. As one of the earliest cells affected by oxidative stress, RBCs are widely used in the diagnosis of diseases. Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), is one of the major active components of PG, which plays an important role in resisting oxidative stress, affecting energy metabolism and other effects. However, the molecular mechanism explaining the “Qi-tonifying” effect of GPS from the perspective of RBCs oxidative damage has not been reported. Aim of the study This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GPS on oxidatively damaged RBCs using in vitro and in vivo models and explore the molecular mechanisms from the perspective of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. To provides a theoretical basis for the future research of antioxidant drugs. Materials and methods Established three different in vitro and in vivo research models: an in vitro model of RBCs exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) (40 mM), an in vivo model of RBCs from rats subjected to exhaustive swimming, and an in vitro model of BRL-3A cells exposed to H 2 O 2 (25 μM). All three models were also tested in the presence of different concentrations of GPS. Results The findings showed that GPS was the most potent antagonist of H 2 O 2 -induced hemolysis and redox inbalance in RBCs. In exhaustive exercise rats, GPS ameliorated RBVs hemolysis, including reducing whole-blood viscosity (WBV), improving deformability, oxygen-carrying and -releasing capacities, which was related to the enhancing of antioxidant capacity . Moreover, GPS promoted RBCs glycolysis in rats with exhaustive exercise by recovering the activities of glycolysis-related enzymes and increasing band 3 protein expression, thereby regulating the imbalance of energy metabolism caused by oxidative stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GPS improved antioxidant defense system, enhanced energy metabolism, and regulated gluconeogenesis via activating PPAR gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) pathway in H 2 O 2 -exposed BRL-3A cells. Mechanistically, GPS promoted glycolysis and protected RBCs from oxidative injury was partly dependent on the regulation of gluconeogenesis, as inhibition of gluconeogenesis by metformin (Met) attenuates the regulation of antioxidant enzymes and key enzymes of glycolytic by GPS in exhaustive exercise rats. Conclusion This study demonstrates that GPS protects RBCs from oxidative stress damage by promoting RBCs glycolysis and liver gluconeogenesis pathways. These results may contribute to the study of new RBCs treatments to boost antioxidant capacity and protect RBCs against oxidative stress.
研究领域:
药理学
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生物化学
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细胞生物学
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民族药理学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Advanced Research
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2024
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IF 11.4
Han-Yan Luo,Jing Fang,Wei-Hao Zhang,Kam-Chun Chan,Yui-Man Chan,Cai-Xia Dong,Song-Lin Li,Ai-Ping Lyu,Jun Xu
Introduction Ginseng demonstrates therapeutic potential in treating obesity, with both experimental and clinical studies suggesting its anti-obesity effects are mediated by gut microbiota. Nonetheless, the specific chemical components responsible for this effect remain largely unidentified. Objectives This study aims to investigate the anti-obesity effects and mechanisms of ginseng polysaccharides (GP) and ginsenosides (GS), the primary chemical components of ginseng, with a focus on their impact on gut microbiota. Methods The impact of GP and GS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity was assessed using a mouse model. Molecular mechanisms were explored through a combination of chemical analysis, metagenomics, RT-qPCR, ELISA, and biochemical assays. Results GP or GS administration effectively prevented adiposity in HFD-fed mice, and both effects were mediated by gut microbiota. Chemical analysis revealed diverse glycosyl groups in GP and GS. Metagenomics data suggested that GP-enriched species, e.g., Bacteroides stercorirosoris and Clostridiales bacterium encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes GH35, GH43 and PL9_1, while GS-enriched Sulfurospirillum halorespirans encoded GH16_5. These enzymes facilitated the utilization of glycosyl groups in GP and GS, selectively stimulating bacterial growth and reshaping the gut microbiota. Furthermore, bacterial species enriched by GP or GS encoded specific functional genes involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis (K00625 and K00925 for GP; K18118, K00100, and K18122 for GS) and intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) (K01678, K00024, and K01596 for GP; K18118 and K00278 for GS). Consequently, the SCFA-GLP-1/PYY signaling and IGN were activated by both GP and GS to ameliorate obesity phenotypes. Conclusion GP and GS, containing diverse glycosyl groups, selectively stimulate specific gut bacteria, triggering mechanisms involved in SCFA-GLP-1/PYY signaling and IGN activation to reduce adiposity in HFD-fed mice. The study enhances understanding of the chemical components crucial for the gut microbiota-mediated anti-obesity effect of ginseng. The mechanistic understanding provides valuable insights for developing ginseng-based drugs or health products to combat obesity.
研究领域:
营养学
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药理学
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微生物学
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分子生物学
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肥胖研究
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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