ORAL DISEASES
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2025
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IF 2.9
Xin Meng,Huijuan Qu,Xueying Zhang,Honghai Ji,Minmin Sun
Objective This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of ginsenoside Rb3 on experimental periodontitis. Methods Experimental periodontitis was established by ligating the maxillary first molars. After 21 days of Rb3 treatment, rats were sacrificed for micro-CT and H&E staining analysis and serum assay. qPCR detected the expression of inflammatory genes. IF detected MAPKs pathway activation in periodontal tissues. The effects were determined using LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Gene expression levels were determined by qPCR. Intracellular ROS generation was detected by DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry. WB detected the activation of signaling pathways. Results Rb3 inhibited oxidative stress in experimental periodontitis, showing reduced gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption on H&E staining and micro-CT, and reduced iNOS mRNA in rats. Colorimetric results showed that Rb3 increased serum SOD and GSH-Px activities and decreased MDA levels in rats. IF analysis showed that Rb3 inhibited P38, ERK, and JNK activation. Rb3 pretreatment significantly decreased iNOS and IL-6 mRNA expression and ROS in Raw264.7 cells. WB analysis demonstrated that Rb3 blocked the activation of P38 and ERK. Conclusion Rb3 inhibits the level of oxidative stress and attenuates gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption in rats via the MAPKs signaling pathway.
研究领域:
口腔医学
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药理学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 5.7
Wenqi Xu,Cuicui Duan,Fumin Ma,Dan Li,Xiaolei Li
To convert ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, and Rc into Rd by a single enzyme, a putative β-glycosidase (Pxbgl) from the xylan-degrading bacterium Petroclostridium xylanilyticum was identified and used. The kcat/Km value of Pxbgl for Rb3 was 18.18 ± 0.07 mM–1/s, which was significantly higher than those of Pxbgl for other ginsenosides. Pxbgl converted almost all Rb3 to Rd with a productivity of 5884 μM/h, which was 346-fold higher than that of only β-xylosidase from Thermoascus aurantiacus. The productivity of Rd from the Panax ginseng root and Panax notoginseng leaf was 146 and 995 μM/h, respectively. Mutants N293 K and I447L from site-directed mutagenesis based on bioinformatics analysis showed an increase in specific activity of 29 and 7% toward Rb3, respectively. This is the first report of a β-glycosidase that can simultaneously remove four different glycosyls at the C–20 position of natural PPD-type ginsenosides and produce Rd as the sole product from P. notoginseng leaf extracts with the highest productivity.
研究领域:
生物化学
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生物技术
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药理学
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微生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Frontiers
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2025
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IF 6.9
Shu-zhen Ran,Rui Peng,Qin-wan Guo,Li-juan Ma,Jian-bo Wan,Jun-qing Huang,Zi-ying Wang,Gang Chen
Panax notoginseng Leaf (PNL), an edible-medicinal botanical resource, shows potential as functional ingredients for alleviating depression, owing to their unique saponin composition. This study investigates the regulatory effects of PNL-derived saponins on pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and their related antidepressant mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate that PNL supplementation significantly alleviates depressive-like behaviors. Mechanistically, PNL upregulates PACAP expression in the hippocampus and activates the downstream CREB and mTOR signaling pathways, leading to increased expression of synaptic plasticity markers, including BDNF and PSD95, while concurrently inhibiting microglial activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among the major saponins in PNL, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rc were found to synergistically enhance PACAP expression in the cultured PC12 cells. These results underscore the potential of PNL for novel functional food ingredients, highlighting the antidepressant synergism of its naturally occurring ginsenosides (Rb3/Rc), and provide a natural antidepressant strategy.
研究领域:
药理学
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神经科学
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植物学
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生物化学
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精神病学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
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2024
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IF 3.3
Yuhua Zhang,Hanping Shi
This study explores the potential role and mechanism of Ginsenoside Rb3 (Rb3) in modulating osteoclastogenesis induced by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPLFs) within the periodontitis microenvironment. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Rb3 on hPLFs stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide ( P.g -LPS) utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Moreover, the functional role of Rb3 in hPLFs-induced osteoclast formation was assessed by treating human bone marrow-derived macrophages (hBMMs) with conditioned medium from hPLFs, followed by analyses through qPCR, western blot analysis, and staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and phalloidin. The impact of Rb3 on the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway was determined via western blot analysis. Results indicated that Rb3 treatment significantly suppressed the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-18) at both gene and protein levels in hPLFs induced by P.g -LPS. Furthermore, conditioned medium from Rb3 plus P.g -LPS treated hPLFs notably decreased the number of TRAP-positive cells, actin ring formations, and the expression of osteoclast marker genes (including CTSK, NFATC1, and ACP5). Rb3 also inhibited the P.g -LPS-induced activation of the STAT3 pathway, with the activation of STAT3 partially reversing the effects of Rb3 on inflammation and osteoclast differentiation. Collectively, Rb3 ameliorates inflammation in P.g -LPS-stimulated hPLFs and reduces hPLFs-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for periodontitis.
研究领域:
牙科学
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药理学
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免疫学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Biomed Research International
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2019
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IF 2.197
Mengmeng Zheng,Wenxiu Zheng,Wei Wang,Hong Guo,Hui Cao,Xiaowei Cui,Shanshan Wang,Chunchao Han
Objective. The blood of cancer patients is in a state of hypercoagulability, easily leading to thrombosis. Anemia is also a complication of tumors. Anemia and thrombosis affect the treatment of tumor patients. Methods. Ginsenosides Rb were extracted from the stems and leaves of American ginseng using water-saturated ethanol and ethyl acetate in silica gel column. Tumor mice model was established by injecting H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells into the axilla of mice. Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group, model control group, positive control group, low dose group (7 mg/kg), middle dose group (14 mg/kg), and high dose group (35 mg/kg). After 18 days, the blood was obtained by picking the eyeball of mice. The levels of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), neutrophils/lymphocytes radio (NLR), platelets (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), fibrinogen (FIB), and D-Dimer (D-D) were measured and compared in each group of mice. Results. The content of obtained ginsenosides Rb reached 90.05%. This extraction process was simple and reliable. Middle dose of ginsenosides Rb could significantly increase RBC and HGB levels (P<0.05). Moreover, ginsenosides Rb could significantly reduce NLR, PLT, PDW, FIB, and D-D (P<0.01). Conclusion. ginsenosides Rb could significantly improve anaemia and hypercoagulation of blood in cancer mice. Ginsenosides Rb are a potential anticoagulant and antianemia drug in treating cancer.
研究领域:
药理学
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肿瘤学
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血液学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Ginseng Research
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2019
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IF 4.029
Jiahong Han,Min Dai,Yan Zhao,Enbo Cai,Lianxue Zhang,Xiaohuan Jia,Nian Sun,Xuan Fei,Hui Shu
Background Ginseng (G) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) are core traditional Chinese medicines in treating myelosuppression formula. The present study was designed to profile effect of G and LLA herb pair (G-LLA) on myelosuppressed mice. Methods The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy). Hematopoietic function of bone marrow was measured by hemopoietic progenitor cell culture and peripheral blood count, and serum hemopoietic factors were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. HPLC was used to measure 20 potential chemical components related to myelosuppression, including ginsenoside Rg 1 , Re, Rb 1 , Rc, Rb 2 , Rb 3 , Rd, Rk 3 , Rh 4 , 20 (S)-Rg 3 , 20 (R)-Rg 3 , Rk 1 , Rg 5 , salidroside, and so on. Results G, LLA, and G-LLA improved the amount of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow cells of myelosuppressed mice (P < 0.01). They significantly increased the colony quantity of colony-forming unit–granulocyte macrophage, burst-forming unit−erythroid, colony-forming unit−erythroid, and colony-forming unit−megakaryocyte and amount of G 2 /M and S phase cells (P < 0.01). They also significantly decreased the amount of hematopoiesis-related cytokines (P < 0.01). The content of chemical components in G-LLA changed, and the change of rare saponin was the most obvious. Conclusion These results show that G-LLA herb pair might produce synergistic or complementary compatibility effects on bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy. It suggests that the substance basis of G-LLA for treating bone marrow suppression may be effective chemical components.
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
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2019
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IF 3.202
Nan Zhao,Mengchun Cheng,Shuai Huang,Dan Liu,Qiang Zhao,Yunpeng Bai,Xiaozhe Zhang
When characterizing components from ginseng, we found a vast number of multicharged anions presented in the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) chromatograms. The source of these anions is unclear yet, while ginsenosides, the major components of ginseng, are the main suspected type of molecules because of their sugar moiety. Our investigation using 14 pure ginsenosides affirmed that the multicharged anions were formed by ginsenosides rather than other types of ingredients in ginseng. Various anions could be observed for each ginsenoside. These anions contain ions ([M-2H]2−, [M+Adduct]2−), as well as those formed by polymerization of at least two ginsenosides, such as [nM-2H]2−, [nM-H+Adduct]2−, and [nM-3H]3−. The presence of so different types of ions from a ginsenoside explains the reason for the large number of anions in the LC-MS analysis of ginseng. We further found that formation of [nM-2H]2− ions was influenced by the number of sugar chains: ginsenosides containing two sugar chains produced all [nM-2H]2− ion types, whereas ginsenosides containing one sugar chain did not produce [2M-2H]2−. Thus, [2M-2H]2− and [3M-2H]2− can be utilized to rapidly identify monodesmosidic and/or bidesmosidic ginsenosides as joint diagnostic anions. The position of the glycosyl radical might be the key factor affecting the formation of multicharged multimer ions from monodesmosidic ginsenosides. Consequently, three groups of ginsenoside isomers were differentiated by characteristic [nM-2H]2− anions. Using concentration-dependent characteristics and collision-induced dissociation (CID), we confirmed that [nM-2H]2− ions are non-covalently bound multimers whose aggregation has marked distinction between monodesmosidic and bidesmosidic ginsenosides, accounting for the differentiated formation of [nM-2H]2− between them.
研究领域:
分析化学
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药物分析
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质谱学
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天然产物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ORAL DISEASES
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2022
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IF 4.068
Minmin Sun,Yaoting Ji,Shuhui Zhou,Rourong Chen,Hantao Yao,Minquan Du
Objective The objective of the study was to determine the anti-osteoclastogenic potential of ginsenoside Rb3 for the treatment of periodontitis. Methods The anti-osteoclastogenic effect was determined using RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages followed by TRAP and phalloidin staining. Expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes and proteins were examined by qPCR and WB. Activation of signaling pathways was detected by WB and IHC techniques. Experimental periodontitis rat model was built up by gingival injections of P. gingivalis LPS. After 21 days of Rb3 treatment, rats were sacrificed for micro-CT, IHC, H&E, and TRAP staining analyses. Results Rb3 dramatically inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Nfatc1, Mmp9, Ctsk, Acp5 mRNA, and MMP9, CTSK proteins were dose-dependently downregulated by Rb3 pretreatment. WB results revealed that Rb3 suppressed activations of p38 MAPK, ERK, and p65 NF-κB, and the inhibition of ERK was most pronounced. Consistently, IHC analysis revealed that p-ERK was highly expressed in alveolar bone surface, blood vessels, odontoblasts, and gingival epithelia, which were notably suppressed by Rb3 treatment. H&E staining and micro-CT analyses showed that Rb3 significantly attenuated gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption in rats. Conclusion Rb3 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and attenuates P. gingivalis LPS-induced gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption in rats via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
研究领域:
牙科
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药理学
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分子生物学
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免疫学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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