Chuan-Shan Hu,Hui-Juan Li,Jia-Yun Wang,Abdul Haleem,Xi-Chuan Li,Muhammad Siddiq,Wei-Dong He
Lacking clean water has become a matter of urgency and harvesting solar energy for water evaporation is an efficient solution. Loading photothermal materials into porous and hydrophilic matrix prominently facilitates the water evaporation efficiency. In this work, cryopolymerization was adopted first to fabricate macroporous and hydrophilic matrix–cryogel of polyacrylamide (PAM) while reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was hybridized during the fabrication with thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Inspired by the transpiration of natural mushroom, the solar-heating device was integrated with the stipe of PAM cryogel, which expedited the transport of water from the water reservoir to the pileus and the elimination of heating energy loss, and the pileus composed of rGO/PAM hybrid cryogel, which enabled the high efficiency of solar light absorption and solar-heating conversion. Such a mushroom-like device achieved rapid water vapor generation and high overall efficiency of solar-heating evaporation under one-sun illumination. As well, this mushroom-like device exhibited the identical practicability of solar-heating evaporation for the different water sources such as the wastewater containing salt, surfactant, or oil, compared with pure water. Within 10 cycles, those mushroom-like rGO/PAM hybrid cryogels retained the analogous solar-heating evaporation performance. The mushroom bioinspiration and cryopolymerization would afford a novel and convenient route for highly efficient solar-heating water evaporation.
Solar desalination is considered as a promising approach to solve the shortage of fresh water resources. In this work, inspired by the transpiration of trees, a self-floating and integrated bionic mushroom solar steam generator (BMSSG) is proposed for highly efficient water evaporation. A wooden strip is used to mimic the stipe of the mushroom for water transportation, meanwhile polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modified graphene aerogels (GA) is used to imitate the pileus of the mushroom for photothermal conversion. After optimizing compositions of the aerogel and sizes of the wooden strip, a high evaporation rate of 1.67 kg m −2 h −1 is obtained, outcompeting most of other wood-based evaporators. Compared to traditional interfacial evaporation devices, BMSSG is an integrated structure without a thermal insulation layer and an absorbent wick, which not only increases the compactness that is good for stability and reliability, but also reduces the manufacturing cost. Moreover, the BMSSG can self-float on the water like a roly-poly. These advantages indicate that BMSSG will play a significant role in seawater desalination. The feasibility as well as stability and recyclability of the BMSSG for seawater desalination are demonstrated. This bioinspired design provides a low-cost and scalable SSG, which will have a profound impact in future practical applications.
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