METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
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2024
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IF 2.4
Zhu Liguo,Zhang Zuqing,Kong Lingxin,Wang Chengyuan,Yang Bin,Xu Baoqiang
Ti is produced by the Kroll method, mainly by carbothermic chlorination, magnesiothermic reduction, and vacuum distillation, which result in complex processes, low efficiency, and high cost. Although Ti has many excellent properties, its high production costs limit its widespread applications. There is an urgent need to develop new Ti extraction processes to reduce the cost of Ti production. In this study, we propose a new method for the direct preparation of low-oxygen Ti powder from TiO 2 using Mg as a reducing agent and the formation of CeOCl (2Mg ( l ) + TiO 2 ( s ) + 2CeCl 3 ( l ) = Ti ( s ) + 2CeOCl ( s ) + 2MgCl 2 ( l )). First, a deoxidization experiment of Ti with Mg as a deoxidizer was conducted, and the ability of Mg to deoxidize Ti was demonstrated. At 1273 K, when the activity of CeCl 3 was 1, the oxygen concentrations of Ti-A and Ti-B were 380 and 270 ppm, respectively. Subsequently, the TiO 2 reduction experiment was conducted using Mg as the reducing agent. The results showed that MgO activity was effectively reduced by the formation of CeOCl (MgO( s ) + CeCl 3 ( l ) = MgCl 2 ( l ) + CeOCl( s )). When the system reached the Mg/MgCl 2 /CeOCl/CeCl 3 equilibrium, low-oxygen Ti powder below 1000 ppm was directly produced from TiO 2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
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2025
·Vol. 172
·期 1
·012505
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IF 3.3
Shangrun Ma,Fuxing Zhu,Lingxin Kong,Liguo Zhu
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in aerospace and ocean engineering because of their excellent properties. Molten salt electrolysis is a cost-effective and efficient method for producing titanium powder. However, titanium powder prepared via this method contains high oxygen levels. To address this issue, a novel approach for producing low-oxygen titanium powder by molten salt electrolysis containing LaCl3 is proposed in this study. Molten salts were selected and their physicochemical properties determined. The density, viscosity, and surface tension of the molten salt increased with LaCl3 content and decreased with increase in temperature in the NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-LaCl3-TiClx molten salt system. For optimal separation of electrolytic products from the molten salt and electrolytic slag, lower LaCl3 content and higher temperatures are recommended. Electrochemical tests revealed that the Ti precipitation reaction was quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled. Finally, molten salt electrolysis experiments were conducted, showing that the oxygen content of the titanium powder decreased with increased temperature, LaCl3 concentration, and electrolysis time. At 4 wt% LaCl3, titanium powder with a low oxygen content of 500 mass ppm oxygen was obtained by electrolysis at 850 °C and 2.5 V for 1 h. This study provides theoretical guidance for the low-cost, short-process preparation of low-oxygen titanium powder.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
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2024
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IF 4.7
Jian PANG,Ling-xin KONG,Li-guo ZHU,Bao-qiang XU,Jun-jie XU,Chong-lin BAI,Bin YANG
A new method for the preparation of low oxygen titanium was proposed by the direct reduction of TiO 2 with Mg produced by MgCl 2 −KCl−YCl 3 molten salt electrolysis. The Mg−Ti−O phase diagram indicates that it is feasible to reduce TiO 2 using Mg, and the Φ − p O2− diagrams indicate that deep deoxidation of titanium in molten MgCl 2 −YCl 3 is also feasible. The experimental study on the reduction of TiO 2 was carried out in MgCl 2 −YCl 3 and MgCl 2 −YCl 3 −KCl molten salts. The results showed that the O 2− from the reduction and deoxygenation was removed using YOCl precipitation and CO x gas production and TiO 2 can be reduced to titanium peroxide (Ti 6 O) by electrochemical reduction at 1073−1173 K and 2.5−3.1 V. The high-oxygen titanium was electrochemically deoxidized in the molten salt of MgCl 2 −YCl 3 at a temperature of 1173 K at different voltages. Moreover, it was observed that it is possible to reduce the high oxygen content of titanium from 1200×10 −6 to less than 100×10 −6 oxygen.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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高影响因子
Human Reproduction Open
·
2025
·
IF 11.1
Li Zhibin,Li Shuying,Xiao Yufeng,Guo Junfeng,Zhou Jianchun,Chen Yang,Yang Juan,Gong Chunli,He Bing,Wu Yuyun,Gao Nannan,Yang Huan,Gao Limin,Hu Hua,Zhang Yunfang,Yang Shiming
What are the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced male reproductive impairment?Hypoxia compromises Septin2 (Sept2) transcription in spermatogonia, which impedes spermatogonial proliferation through protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-dependent AKT dephosphorylation.Hypoxia is associated with impaired spermatogenesis and poor sperm parameters in men. Spermatogonia proliferation, a crucial early step in spermatogenesis, is essential for maintaining the spermatogenic cell population and ensuring sperm quality. However, the connection between hypoxia and spermatogonial proliferation remains poorly understood, and treatment options for hypoxia-related reproductive disorders are limited.A cross-sectional study analyzed semen samples from 24 high-altitude (HA) residents, 6 pathological hypoxia (PH) patients, and 19 healthy controls to evaluate hypoxia-associated sperm parameter alterations. Complementary animal studies employing a hypobaric chamber-induced hypoxic mouse model (n = 5) confirmed reproductive impairments through assessment of birth rates, sperm quality, and testicular histopathology. Transcriptomic profiling of hypoxic versus normoxic mouse testes (n = 3/group) identified spermatogonial proliferation defects as a predominant pathological feature and pinpointed Sept2 as a candidate mediator. Subsequent mechanistic investigations employed in vitro hypoxic culture of spermatogonial cell lines under hypoxic conditions coupled with pharmacological modulation of PP2A activity in mice (n = 3-5 per intervention group) to delineate the underlying molecular pathways.Semen parameters were evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA; for sperm concentration, count, and motility), morphological staining (Pap staining for sperm deformity), and eosin-nigrosin staining (for sperm viability). In hypoxic mouse model, fertility outcomes were assessed through fertility assessment (mating experiments), sperm parameters (CASA), testicular histology (H&E staining), and spermatogonia proliferation (immunohistochemistry and qPCR). In hypoxic spermatogonial cell models, cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8, EdU incorporation, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Sept2 manipulation (knockdown/overexpression), followed by mechanistic analyses (dual-luciferase reporter assay, DNA pulldown/mass spectrometry, TMT-based quantitative proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation, etc), was performed to investigate the mechanism underlying hypoxia-regulated spermatogonia proliferation. The SEPT2 inhibitor forchlorfenuron (FCF), the PP2A agonists celastrol, erlotinib, and FTY720, as well as PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) were used to investigate the role of the SEPT2-PP2A-AKT axis in male fertility regulation.Both human populations (HA residents and PH patients) and mouse model consistently demonstrated hypoxia-related reproductive dysfunction. Mechanistic analyses revealed that hypoxia significantly downregulated Sept2 expression in spermatogonia, concomitant with impaired proliferative capacity. Sept2 knockdown in normoxic mice the hypoxia-induced defects in spermatogenesis. Complementary in vitro studies confirmed that Sept2 depletion impaired spermatogonial proliferation by inducing G1-S phase arrest, while its overexpression mitigated hypoxia-related proliferative defects. Further investigation revealed that hypoxia disrupts Sept2 transcription by interfering with the binding of RNA polymerase II subunit A (POLR2A) to the Sept2 promoter. The consequent reduction in Sept2 expression led to stabilization of the B56γ regulatory subunit of PP2A, resulting in enhanced AKT dephosphorylation and subsequent suppressed proliferation. Pharmacological intervention with the PP2A inhibitor OA restored reproductive competence and sperm quality in hypoxic mice, whereas PP2A agonists exacerbated these deficits.RNA-seq data are deposited in China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB) under accession number PRJCA035733.This study focused on the effects of hypoxia on sperm parameters. Additional factors such as alterations in reproductive hormones and sexual function may contribute to hypoxia-induced infertility and warrant further research.This study identifies the SEPT2-PP2A/B56γ-AKT axis as a key regulator in hypoxia-related spermatogonia proliferation impairment. PP2A inhibitors such as OA may offer a therapeutic strategy to protect male fertility under hypoxic conditions.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82101688) and Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (No. CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0943). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
研究领域:
生殖生物学
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分子生物学
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医学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
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2024
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IF 4.7
Li-guo ZHU,Chong-lin BAI,Ling-xin KONG,Bin YANG,Bao-qiang XU
To reduce the production cost of titanium, a new method for direct preparation of low-oxygen titanium powder by the magnesiothermic reduction of TiO 2 with the assistance of a MgCl 2 -HoCl 3 molten salt was proposed. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the magnesiothermic reduction of TiO 2 was feasible. However, hindrance of the reduction reaction by the reduction by-product of MgO resulted in a considerably high O concentration in the titanium powder. The addition of HoCl 3 to the system significantly reduces the activity of MgO to produce low-oxygen titanium powder. Thermochemical deoxidation and reduction experiments were conducted with MgCl 2 -HoCl 3 molten salt in the temperature range of 1023-1273 K. The results showed that titanium powder with oxygen concentration (mass fraction) below 5.00×10 -4 can be prepared at the Mg-MgCl 2 -HoOCl-HoCl 3 equilibrium.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
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2025
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IF 5.6
Yan Zhao,Haoyu Fang,Liguo Zhu,Lingxin Kong,Bin Yang,Baoqiang Xu,Lei Gao
As the mainstream method for titanium processing, the Kroll process has excessive carbon emissions and high energy consumption due to its reliance on fossil fuels and lengthy semi-continuous process, which not only hinders the implementation of “dual-carbon” goals, but also leads to high production costs. In contrast, molten salt electrolysis achieves direct electrochemical reduction, significantly reducing energy consumption and pollution emissions while reducing costs, in line with the needs of green and sustainable manufacturing. The USTB method represented by soluble anode electrolysis process, is a green and low-cost new process for titanium extraction. However, this method uses NaCl-KCl as the molten salt medium, and faces the problem that it is difficult to control the oxygen content of titanium. In this study, a new method for the preparation of low-oxygen titanium by synergistic electrolysis and thermal deoxidation in NaCl-KCl-YCl 3 was proposed. It can be seen from the thermodynamic calculations that the activity of O 2− in the molten salt can be effectively reduced by the formation of YOCl. Under the equilibrium of Y / YOCl / YCl 3 (Y 3+ (in flux) + O 2- (in flux) + Cl − (in flux) = YOCl), the deoxidation limit is 1000 ppm. The experimental results show that the metal titanium with oxygen content of 700 ppm can be prepared by molten salt electrolysis and thermal deoxidation with TiC x O y as anode, Mo as cathode in NaCl-KCl-YCl 3 molten salt. This work provides a novel strategy for the preparation of low-oxygen titanium based on soluble anode electrolysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
LIFE SCIENCES
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2024
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IF 5.2
Xuehan Dou,Zhongyuan Chen,Yunzhang Liu,Yun Li,Junli Ye,Ling Lu
Aims Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2), encoded by the Egln1 gene, serves as a pivotal regulator of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and acts as a cellular oxygen sensor. Somatic inactivation of Phd2 in mice results in polycythemia and congestive heart failure. However, due to the embryonic lethality of Phd2 deficiency, its role in development remains elusive. Here, we investigated the function of two egln1 paralogous genes, egln1a and egln1b , in zebrafish. Main methods The egln1 null zebrafish were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Quantitative real-time PCR assays and Western blot analysis were employed to detect the effect of egln1 deficiency on the hypoxia signaling pathway. The hypoxia response of egln1 mutant zebrafish were assessed by analyzing heart rate, gill agitation frequency, and blood flow velocity. Subsequently, o-dianisidine staining and in situ hybridization were used to investigate the role of egln1 in zebrafish hematopoietic function. Key findings Our data show that the loss of egln1a or egln1b individually has no visible effects on growth rate. However, the egln1a ; egln1b double mutant displayed significant growth retardation and elevated mortality at around 2.5 months old. Both egln1a - null and egln1b - null zebrafish embryo exhibited enhanced tolerance to hypoxia, systemic hypoxic response that include hif pathway activation, increased cardiac activity, and polycythemia. Significance Our research introduces zebrafish egln1 mutants as the first congenital embryonic viable systemic vertebrate animal model for PHD2, providing novel insights into hypoxic signaling and the progression of PHD2- associated disease.
研究领域:
发育生物学
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分子生物学
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遗传学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
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2025
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IF 2.2
Min Li,Dongjie Wang,Xiaoping Huang,Shulan Wang,Zhenhan Chen,Muhammad Junaid,Shaolin Xie
Cyp1a (cytochrome P450 1 A) is critical for metabolizing endogenous substances and environmental chemicals. In this study, a zebrafish strain KI ( cyp1a:mcherry ), exhibiting low cyp1a gene expression, was compared with wild-type zebrafish (WT) to investigate the effects of cyp1a on growth and hypoxia tolerance. The results demonstrated that low cyp1a expression significantly inhibited zebrafish growth and reduced hypoxia tolerance. Specifically, KI zebrafish exhibited slower growth rates and higher sensitivity to low oxygen conditions compared to WT. These physiological phenotypes directly link low cyp1a expression to impaired growth and reduced environmental adaptation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed potential mechanisms underlying these effects, including up-regulation of digestive system-related genes (e.g., cpa1 , cpb1 ) and dysregulation of pathways involved in detoxification, stress response, and steroid biosynthesis. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining normal cyp1a expression for healthy growth and environmental adaptation in zebrafish.
研究领域:
分子生物学
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环境科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
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2025
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IF 3.9
Letian Li,Yuan Wang,Laizhuang Jin,Lei Feng,Qianhui Song,Di Fang,Na Ying,Xincang Li,Wenhong Fang
The gastric sieve (GS) is a filtering structure found in the posterior stomach chamber (PSC) of Litopenaeus vannamei , which allows small particles to enter the hepatopancreas directly. However, it remains unclear if pathogens can also enter the hepatopancreas through this pathway. In this study, we examined the internal structural changes of the PSC via histological and ultra-structure analysis. We also orally administered fluorescent microspheres and bioparticles ( Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV) of varying sizes to shrimp to determine their passage under hypoxia stress. The results showed that the PSC could be divided into four segments based on structural changes, and the GS performed its filtering function through two kinds of setae with different morphologies. Under normal dissolved oxygen levels (approximately 7.6 mg/L), V. parahaemolyticus and 1 μm fluorescent microspheres were unable to enter the hepatopancreas via GS. In contrast, under hypoxia stress (1.5–2 mg/L), both vibrio and 1 μm fluorescent microspheres could enter the hepatopancreas via GS in a short timeframe. WSSV and 0.1 μm fluorescent microspheres could enter the hepatopancreas via GS irrespective of hypoxia stress, while 5 μm fluorescent microspheres could not enter the hepatopancreas via GS even under hypoxia. These results suggest that GS functions as a particle diameter-dependent filter, with its filtering function influenced by hypoxia stress. Pathogens around 1 μm in size can invade the hepatopancreas through this pathway under hypoxia stress, providing novel insights into the mechanisms of pathogen invasion in shrimp.
CAS / MDL:
研究领域:
水产养殖学
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海洋生物学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
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2025
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IF 3.1
Yu-Qing Zhu,Jing-Wen Liu,Jing Zhou,Cheng-Ying Wu,Fang Long,Jin-Di Xu,Shan-Shan Zhou,Qian Mao,Ming Kong,Song-Lin Li,Hong Shen
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR) is one of the commonly used medicinal and edible herbs in China. To prevent infestation of moths and mildew, chemical-fumigation is applied during post-harvest processing, which would produce harmful substances. Ultralow oxygen (ULO) storage, as a potential controlled atmosphere preservation method for Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), has no residue of chemical hazards, but its impact on chemical composition of TCMs is unclear. Here, to evaluate the impact of ULO preservation on the quality of AMR, a UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based non-targeted metabolomics approach was employed to screen out the differential components after AMR had been stored under ULO conditions for 18 months. The differential components were identified, and further semi-quantified with peak areas. Additionally, the differential components with known activity were quantified using HPLC-DAD and GC-TQ-MS/MS analysis. The molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides were analyzed using HPGPC-ELSD and HPLC-DAD to assess the impact of ULO on the carbohydrates. As it showed, 20 differential components of AMR under ULO were screened and identified when compared to normal atmosphere (NA) with 21 % oxygen concentration. As storage duration increased, the levels of atractylenolides I, II, and III in both ULO and NA storage conditions increased, with significant differences in their total content (16.06 mg/g in ULO vs. 47.57 mg/g in NA). Confirmatory experiments revealed that atractylone is the precursor compound of atractylenolides and the total content of atractylenolides I, II, and III produced from atractylone in ULO storage was only 62.12 % of that in NA at 18th month. The total sugar content of AMR polysaccharides in ULO storage was 107.28 % of that in NA and the molar ratios of monosaccharides were also relatively constant. All the results indicated that ULO preservation slowed down the chemical transformation of AMR, including small molecules and polysaccharides. Therefore, the quality of AMR stored in ULO is more stable and it is proposed to be an efficient preservation method for AMR.
研究领域:
中药学
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分析化学
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植物化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
LASERS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE
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2025
·Vol. 40
·期 1
·1-11
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IF 2.4
Ma Dan,Lu Huixiang,Zhang Hai,Liao Anru,Peng Qianrong,Yang Min
Hypoxia poses a significant challenge to the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. This study aims to design and synthesize PEGylated liposomes encapsulating MnO₂, indocyanine green (ICG), and H-chain ferritin (HFn) to potentially address hypoxia and enhance the therapeutic outcomes of PDT. PEGylated liposomes (ICG/MnO₂-HFn-mPEG-DSPE-Lip) were constructed with a rod-like structure, incorporating MnO₂ as a hypoxia-modulating agent and ICG as a photosensitizer. The drug loading capacity, stability and safety of liposomes were characterized. Singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ Δ ) was measured under simulated tumor microenvironment conditions. In vitro phototoxicity was evaluated using A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Liposomes have a high drug loading capacity, good biocompatibility and good long-term stability. Under tumor-simulated conditions, Φ Δ was significantly improved, increasing from 0.210 for free ICG to 0.507. The liposomes demonstrated remarkable phototoxic effects on A549 cells (90.5% cell death under combined PDT/PTT vs. 15% for free ICG). This nanoplatform proposes a novel strategy to overcome hypoxia-induced PDT resistance, and the enhanced efficacy may be attributed to the increased oxygen supply mediated by MnO 2 carried by HFn. These findings provide important insights for the development of next-generation therapeutic systems targeting tumor hypoxia.
研究领域:
药学
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肿瘤学
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生物医学工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2023
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IF 15.1
Ke Xue,Yongfei Zhao,Saidong Sun,Yuanhang Li,Jiankang Liang,Zhengjian Qi
Severe ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic iron-dependent cell death pathway, and extreme hypoxia and anomalous iron metabolism in tumors critically suppress the efficacy of ferroptosis therapy. Overcoming tumor hypoxia while facilitating ferroptosis is an extremely challenging task. Herein, the photosensitizer named BOTTQ with specific targeting of lipid droplet (LD) was synthesized by increasing the tail chain length of triphenylamine. The addition of alkoxy chains optimized the molecular structure and fostered inter-system crossing and type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Besides, BOTTQ yielded large amounts of type I ROS under light excitation oxidize efficiently polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipid monolayer of LD and contribute to the formation of ferroptosis substrate. Meanwhile, the generation of type I ROS accelerated the Fenton reaction, thus effectively boosting the occurrences of ferroptosis. Furthermore, the successful encapsulation of BOTTQ into DSPE-PEG-MAL material not only elevates the stable type of nanoparticle colloids, but the MAL moiety can deplete the functional thiols of glutathione in a mild environment, which leads to glutathione failure and facilitates ferroptosis. Thus tumor-specific ferroptosis-inducing strategy offers a universally applicable therapy with the capacity to enhance type I ROS production and effectively contain tumorigenesis.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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肿瘤学
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药理学
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）