Food Bioscience
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2026
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IF 6.2
Lei Dong,Yongmin Wu,Hao Wang,Qingqing Xiao,Zexin Zhao,Jun Cai
Crayfish shell protein is an abundant but underutilized resource for developing peptide-based prebiotics to support gut health. However, systematic evidence linking protease selection to peptide structure and subsequent probiotic responses remains limited. This study evaluated five hydrolysis treatments (papain, trypsin, pepsin, alkaline protease, and neutral protease) to identify structure–function determinants for promoting Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 3296. Papain and trypsin hydrolysates (CSPe-P and CSPe-T) achieved moderate hydrolysis (16.87–22.24% and 17.14–20.39%), balanced molecular weights (7409–7445 Da), semicrystalline organization (48.12–50.60%), and relatively high β-turn and random-coil proportions. These hydrolysates also contained higher total amino acid contents (610.39–625.34 mg/g) and were enriched in Glu, Asp, Arg, and Lys. Functionally, CSPe-P and CSPe-T increased Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 3296 with final OD 600 values of approximately 1.8–1.9 and maximum specific growth rates at 12 h of 5.14 h −1 and 4.83 h −1 compared with 4.00 h −1 in control. At 12 h, viable counts in the fructooligosaccharides (FOS), CSPe-P, and CSPe-T reached 59.94–64.19 × 10 8 CFU/mL, whereas the control reached 50.0 × 10 8 CFU/mL. CSPe-P and CSPe-T performed comparably to commercial FOS in this in vitro growth assay. In contrast, alkaline and pepsin hydrolysates presented disordered structures and inferior probiotic promotion. Overall, this study provides preliminary in vitro evidence that structure-guided enzyme selection can identify crayfish shell peptides with probiotic-supporting potential.
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Food Bioscience
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2026
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IF 6.2
Juntao Yu,Tonghao Du,Xingyu Zhu,Jiajia Zhang,Chengzhe Liu,Xiaobin Ruan,Xiaoxia Sun,Li Yang,Tao Xiong,Mingyong Xie,Tao Huang
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NCU215 was recognized for its robust probiotic activities and excellent fermentation capabilities. In the present study, whole-genome, comparative genomics analysis, and experimental validation were integrated to systematically investigate the potential functional traits of NCU215. Genomic analysis revealed that NCU215 harbors a repertoire of functional genes and is devoid of genes associated with human pathogenicity. Additionally, the metabolic pathways involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in NCU215 were computationally predicted. Based on average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and core-genome phylogenetic reconstruction, the taxonomic assignment of NCU215 was revised from Lacticaseibacillus casei to Lacticaseibacillus paracasei . Comparative genomic analysis indicated that NCU215 contains higher abundance of genes associated with cell adhesion, carbohydrate metabolism, and a unique amino acid metabolic gene cluster ( cysK–ctl1–cysE ). Experimental validation confirmed that NCU215 displays a high adhesion rate of 7.86 ± 0.65% to Caco-2 cells, the ability to convert methionine to cysteine, enhanced utilization of galactose, mannose, fructooligosaccharides, and inulin, as well as bile salt hydrolase activity and a high cholesterol-lowering efficacy of 47.30 ± 2.61%. Furthermore, soymilk fermented with NCU215 exhibited a substantial reduction in volatile compounds such as hexanal and 1-octen-3-ol, while the contents of acetoin and 2,3-butanedione were notably elevated.
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Nature Communications
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2026
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IF 18.1
Mao Congyang,Jin Wanyu,Dou Limeng,Guo Tong,Huang Jin,Wang Yi,Liu Xiangmei,Wu Shuilin,Qiao Wei,Xiang Yiming,Zhu Yizhou,Wu Jun,Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok
The pandemic-scale progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) necessitates innovative interventions targeting the pathogenic triad of insulin resistance, dysregulation of lipid metabolism, and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Here, we report a synthetically bioengineered probiotic consortium (REcN-F/Ca) developed through directed metabolic adaptations of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) under iterative hydrogen peroxide selection, subsequently functionalized with fructooligosaccharide-calcium carbonate composites. REcN-F/Ca exhibits enhanced reactive oxygen species tolerance through upregulated antioxidant enzymes and hydrogen sulfide-mediated redox balancing, alongside improved gastrointestinal survivability. In high-fat diet-induced obese male mice, REcN-F/Ca restores gut microbiota diversity, enriches butyrogenic taxa (Lachnospiraceae and Blautia ), and rescues short-chain fatty acids depletion. Transcriptomic profiling reveals PPAR signaling activation, driving lipid metabolism and suppressing adipose inflammation. These effects translate to systemic metabolic improvements with attenuated weight gain (−25.4%), restored glucose homeostasis, and reduced insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: −73.2%) in the obesity and T2DM murine model. Our findings establish REcN-F/Ca as a synthetically engineered probiotic that simultaneously corrects intestinal ecological perturbations and reverses host metabolic dysfunction, proposing a paradigm for metabolic syndrome management.
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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2026
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IF 4
Mengdie Li,Jintian Chen,Danyang Liang,Yating Wang,Xinlei Yang,Minjie Gao,Zhitao Li,Yuqin Wang
Background Sialic acid (SA), chemically known as N -acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), is a key bioactive component of breast milk. It reaches the infant's colon largely intact for utilization by the gut microbiota; however, its dynamic fermentation and specific regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Results An in vitro biomimetic gut digestion system (BGR-7) was employed to investigate systematically the effects of SA on the infant gut microbiota and its metabolism. The results indicated that SA effectively enhanced the richness of the gut microbiota and optimized community structure. At the phylum level, SA selectively enriched Bacillota, Fusobacteriota, Cyanobacteriota and Thermodesulfobacteriota, while suppressing Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Actinomycetota. At the genus level, SA promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium , whilst inhibiting potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, Citrobacter , and Enterobacter . Analysis of gut gases revealed that SA regulates the production of CO 2 , H 2 , volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and H 2 S, maintaining the physiological homeostasis of metabolic products. Significant correlation was observed between microbial composition and gaseous metabolites. Metabolomics analysis identified a total of 248 differentially abundant metabolites (78 up-regulated and 170 down-regulated), primarily enriched in pathways such as fatty acid metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism. Conclusion Sialic acid exerts a synergistic protective effect in the infant gut by regulating the structure of the microbial community, gas metabolism, and metabolic networks with multiple targets. This study provides experimental evidence and theoretical guidance for the application of SA in infant nutritional interventions and the development of functional foods. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 9.8
Yuchi Zhou,Chenyang Liu,Jiawei Wang,Yuying Wang,Xiaobei Zhan,Liping Xu,Jun Kang,Guoan Zhu,Yun Jiang,Xiaonan Zhu,Qingyu Wang,Qijun Pan,Aimin Li,Minjie Gao,Zhitao Li
Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a renowned medicinal fungus. In this study, the structure of GL was characterized using ion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The degradation characteristics, gas production, and effects of GL granules on the gut microbiota were investigated during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation using a dynamic biomimetic gastrointestinal reactor. SEM and FTIR analyses showed remarkably structural changes, including indications of degradation and changes in the functional moiety of GL. GL increased the yields of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, particularly propionate, butyric acid, and valeric acid, while modulating the gas production profile during fermentation. It also improved the diversity of gut microorganisms, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and inhibiting harmful Escherichia–Shigella species. These findings highlight the potential of GL as a prebiotic ingredient supporting gut health and provide new perspectives on the application of in vitro bionic digestive modeling.
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PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 1.9
Shuhan Yang,Jing Jiang,Dan Zhao
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria is of interest for its multifunctional properties, but low yield limits industrial application. This study optimized EPS production by Weissella confusa P2 using response surface methodology (RSM). Plackett-Burman (PB) design identified significant factors (sucrose, sodium acetate, and K2HPO4), followed by steepest ascent approach to approximate optimal levels, with final optimization via central composite design (CCD). Under the optimized conditions (77.42 g/L sucrose, 3.42 g/L sodium acetate, 1.76 g/L K2HPO4, 12 g/L peptone, 12 g/L beef extract, 6 g/L yeast extract, 3 g/L ammonium citrate, 0.15%Tween-80, 0.2 g/L MgSO4 and initial pH value 6.5), EPS yield increased 1.60-fold to 49.93 g/L. W. confusa P2 EPS exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with scavenging rates of 40.2 ± 0.02% (DPPH), 30.2 ± 0.01% (ABTS), 45.6 ± 0.03% (·OH), and 40.7 ± 0.03% (H2O2), and a reducing power of 0.24 ± 0.03 (OD700 nm) at 5 mg/mL. Compared to commercial prebiotics, the EPS significantly stimulated the growth of probiotics, including Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-OA 07, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CICC 21773, and Lactobacillus casei HDS-01. Furthermore, the EPS induced a concentration-dependent coagulation in sucrose-supplemented skim milk. These results highlight the potential of W. confusa P2 EPS for food industry applications.
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Current Research in Food Science
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2025
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IF 7
Jie Liu,Zihang Wang,Chenchen Hu,Jingxuan Xu,Ranran Chang
To enhance the digestion resistibility and short-chain fatty acid contents of corn starch, type 4 resistant starch was obtained by chemical cross-linking with sodium phytate and acylation with acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydride, respectively. The influence of single and double chemical modification on the physicochemical properties, digestibility, and short-chain fatty acid yields of corn starch was investigated. The phosphorus content of starch samples was 0.0180 %–0.1232 %, which was less than 0.4 % within the required safety range. Corn starch by cross-linking or/and acylation still maintained A-type crystalline structure. The resistant starch content of corn starch modified by cross-linking and then butyrylation was the highest about 52.8 %. Notably, acetylated-cross-linked starch improve the yields of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids in vitro fecal fermentation. This study will facilitate the design and production of functional foods containing type 4 resistant starch for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of chronic diseases such as type Ⅱ diabetes and obesity.
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npj Science of Food
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2026
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IF 9.7
Zhang Luji,Li Hongxuan,Li Zimu,Li Xuejian,Cheng Shasha,Jiang Yujun,Man Chaoxin,Zhang Yu
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns, highlighting the need for safe nutritional interventions. We evaluated a prebiotic complex containing GOS, FOS, and LAU in combination with the human milk oligosaccharides 2′-FL and LNnT in a neonatal rat model of NEC. Forty-eight pups were allocated to eight groups ( n = 6 per group). Mix2-L, Mix2-H, and Mix2N-H increased baseline-adjusted body weight on D7–D9 relative to the model group, and the interventions improved colon morphology, histopathology, inflammatory and barrier-related measures, goblet-cell features, and mucin composition, with Mix2N-H showing the broadest response. Gut microbial community composition differed among groups (PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 3.819, R² = 0.455, P = 0.0001), and all eight cecal SCFAs showed significant overall group effects after FDR correction. In the 24 animals with exact microbiota–SCFA matching, Veillonella abundance was positively associated with butyrate (ρ = 0.663, q = 0.015) and propionate, whereas Ralstonia , Achromobacter , and Chryseobacterium showed negative associations with selected SCFAs. Mix2N-H also had higher butyrate than the model group. p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR differed among groups and were higher in several intervention groups than in the model group. These findings support a coordinated microbiota–SCFA–AKT/mTOR-associated response to prebiotic–HMO supplementation. These findings are based on a preclinical neonatal rat model.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Lin Wang,Zhikun Zeng,Yaqing Lin,Baodong Zheng,Yi Zhang,Lei Pan
The in vitro dynamic digestive model more realistically simulates the human digestive system compared to static digestive model. In this study, the dynamic in vitro stomach-intestine digestive system and fecal fermentation was used to investigate the dynamic digestion properties and fermentation properties of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide. The results showed that there were no significant changes in molecular weight, functional groups and surface morphology after the in vitro dynamic simulated digestion, indicating that D. indusiata polysaccharide maintained a relatively stable structure during the dynamic in vitro salivary-gastrointestinal digestion. In addition, D. indusiata polysaccharide improved the abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Blautia , Coprobacter and Fusicatenibacter . It is remarkable that D. indusiata polysaccharide significantly increased the level of acetic acid and propionic acid. In conclusion, these results suggested that D. indusiata polysaccharide was a potential source of prebiotics, which provides a basis for the development of D. indusiata polysaccharide in the food or medical field.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
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2024
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IF 11
Yuanyuan Zhao,Dan Wang,Pan Wang,Wenting Zhao,Shuang Zhao,Yue Ma,Hong Chang,Yubin Wang,Ye Liu,Xiaoyan Zhao
To identify the key structural properties of pectic polysaccharides that affect their gut fermentation behavior, structural characteristics and fecal fermentation ability of acid-extractable pectins obtained from 8 kinds of fruit and vegetable were compared. Results showed that the peach pectin presented a single molecular weight (Mw) distribution with large Mw (706.3 kDa), and the broccoli pectin owned high contents of arabinose (99.62 mg/g) and galactose (129.11 mg/g). Fermentation with these two pectins for 24 h improved the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (13.42 % and 13.04 %, respectively), which had positive relation ( p < 0.001) with Mw, arabinose and galactose. Hawthorn pectin was featured with low Mw, which also exhibited high linearity (6.96), supporting the relative abundance of Bacteroides (40.04 %) after fermentation. It had positive relation ( p < 0.05) with linearity, acetate and butyrate . Tomato pectin was characterized by tri-Mw distribution with small polydispersity index (1.231, 1.120 and 1.106, respectively). Moreover, it displayed a compact and curved conformation in terms of smaller radius of gyration (Rg, 7.88 nm) and larger cross-sectional radius (Rc, 5.28 nm). Tomato pectin generated the highest content of short-chain fatty acids (61.59 mmol/L) among all the pectins after fermentation. Meanwhile, Ruminococcus was detected as key genera in the tomato pectin substrate, which was positively correlated ( p < 0.05) with acetate, propionate , Rg and Rc. The correlation analysis further confirmed that Rg and arabinose content of the pectin have the greatest impact on the microbiota modification, followed by Rc and polydispersity index, promoting a deep understanding of the relationship between pectin structure and gut fermentation.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 8.5
Yuxue Zheng,Xingqian Ye,Yanyu Hu,Shaoyun Wang,Jinhu Tian
Recent studies show that starch-polyphenols complexes exert positive effects on gut health, but the probiotic effects of maize starch-caffeic complexes remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the probiotic effect of maize starch–caffeic complexes from the small intestine to the colon. First, maize starch was extruded with caffeic acid and subjected to in vitro digestion, and the undigested parts were fermented in vitro , and the structural characteristics, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota communities were investigated. Results showed that caffeic acid reduced the long/short-range order of maize starch after extrusion, significantly increasing resistant starch to 30.35 ± 2.36 %. In vitro fermentation indicated that microbiota utilized the amorphous area of the residues first, promoting SCFAs production and the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus genus. Overall, the probiotic properties of extruded maize starch–caffeic acid complexes suggest they could serve as a functional food for health benefits.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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2025
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IF 8
Shan Yu,Yingying Ning,Jiaju Xu,Ruoxi Yang,Dan Zhao
The study used the mannanase-producing Lactobacillus casei HDS-01 as the probiotic component and combined it with konjac powder, which contains konjac glucomannan (KGM), to create a synergistic synbiotic. The aim was to investigate its probiotic potential and the changes in gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The results indicated that KGM selectively stimulated the growth of L. casei HDS-01, confirming their synergistic effect. The survival rate of L. casei HDS-01 at pH levels of 2.5–5.5, bile salt concentration of 0–0.35 g/L, and NaCl concentration of 1–8 g/L reached more than 55 %, suggesting that L. casei HDS-01 can survive in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, the colonisation ability of L. casei HDS-01 in the intestinal tract was significantly enhanced by KGM. The antidigestive property of konjac oligo-glucomannan (KOGM) in gastric juice was better than that of inulin, with 94 % of KOGM expected to reach the jejunum of the small intestine after entering the human digestive system. In vitro fecal fermentation results indicated that the L. casei HDS-01-KGM synbiotic effectively promote the proliferation of gut SCFAs-producing bacteria (2.43 × 10 8 CFU/mL) and increase SCFAs production. The contents of acetic acid (7.68 ± 0.04 μg/mL), propionic acid (6.72 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and butyric acid (4.37 ± 0.06 μg/mL) were higher than those of the other treatment groups. Meanwhile, L. casei HDS-01-KGM synbiotic could enhance the population of beneficial bacteria, such as Pediococcus while significantly reducing harmful bacteria, such as Shigella . These results demonstrate the synergistic effect of L. casei HDS-01-KGM synbiotic and establish the foundation for its application in the food industry
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