Tao Rong,Yaqiang Yuan,Haoqing Yang,Huafang Yu,Haibin Zuo,Jingsong Wang,Qingguo Xue
Kish graphite is a typical byproduct of steel production, and its enrichment and purification are essential prerequisites for its high value and comprehensive utilization. To solve the problem of recovery and application of difficult-to-treat kish graphite with a small particle size obtained from metallurgical dust, kish graphite in blast furnace tapping yard dust was effectively enriched and purified by a comprehensive flotation-acid leaching treatment process in this study. The influence of the flotation agents on the flotation process was explored. The results showed that the optimized flotation agent dosage was 500.0 g·t −1 (collector) and 120.0 g·t −1 (frother), respectively. Based on the optimized flotation scheme, a graphite concentrate (FG) with 79.12 % carbon content and 93.5 % carbon recovery was obtained. After the leaching treatment with a HCl-HF mixed acid solution, the carbon content of the graphite concentrate increased to 95.55 %. The I D /I G value of the graphite concentrate was 0.145, and the average lattice spacing was approximately 0.3354 nm. The SEM results showed that the leaching-treated graphite concentrate (AFG) had a loose, fragment-like structure. When used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, The AFG still provided a high reversible capacity of ∼370 mAh·g −1 and excellent coulombic efficiency of 99.6 % after 350 cycles. In addition, an industrial-grade recycling and utilization path for kish graphite based on a circular supply chain strategy was proposed. The results of this study may serve as a conceptual basis for the recovery and application of kish graphite from metallurgical dust.
Global low-carbon contracts, along with the energy and environmental crises, have encouraged the rapid development of the power battery industry. As the current first choice for power batteries, lithium-ion batteries have overwhelming advantages. However, the explosive growth of the demand for power lithium-ion batteries will likely cause crises such as resource shortages and supply–demand imbalances. This study adopts qualitative and quantitative research methods to comprehensively evaluate the power lithium-ion battery supply and demand risks by analyzing the global material flow of these batteries. The results show that the processes from resources to market of the power lithium-ion battery industry are highly concentrated with growing trends. The proportion of the top three power lithium-ion battery-producing countries grew from 71.79% in 2016 to 92.22% in 2020, increasing by 28%. The top three power lithium-ion battery-demand countries accounted for 83.07% of the demand in 2016 and 88.16% in 2020. The increasing concentration increases the severity of the supply risk. The results also imply that different processes are concentrated within different countries or regions, and the segmentation puts the development of the power lithium-ion battery industry at significant risk. It is urgent to address this situation so that this severe risk can be ameliorated. Graphical Abstract
Increasing concern about the environmental impact of industrial activities has prompted a shift to renewable energy sources and the development of environmentally conscious supply chains. In this regard, electrochemistry has shown promise for converting biomass into specialty chemicals in distributed facilities that exploit renewable energy resources. To examine the impact of electrochemistry technology on optimal supply chain configuration, we formulate a mixed-integer linear programming model to optimize the locations and capacities of distributed facilities for converting biomass to chemicals. The economic objective of the supply chain design model is to minimize the total annual cost of producing chemicals from biomass-derived glucose and delivering them to market. To analyze the trade-off between environmental and economic considerations, we also consider an environmental objective of minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results of a US case study indicate that, while cost is minimized by constructing one large facility, GHG emissions are lowered by a distributed configuration. Varying the setting of a process design parameter expands the Pareto frontier along which decision-makers can choose a configuration according to their preferences between economic and environmental criteria.
Guixian Liu,Zhaoyang Kong,Jiajia Dong,Xiucheng Dong,Qingzhe Jiang,Ke Wang,Jiaman Li,Chade Li,Xin Wan
The rapid growth of energy demand in China’s central heating sector and the large differences in regions have posed challenges to its energy supply safety, which affected the progress of China’s energy transformation. From a supply chain perspective, this study uses the feasible generalized least squares method to conduct empirical research on the central heating data of 17 provinces in China from 2006 to 2017. The results shows that the main factors of central heating includes energy consumption structure, heat generation method, heat transport carrier, heating degree days and heating area; The main factor that increases the energy consumption of central heating in each province is the same, namely Heating area (HA). However, the main factors that reduce energy consumption in each province are different; using gas instead of coal for clean heating can reduce some greenhouse gas emissions while bringing huge gas supply pressure. According to the results, this study provides some policy suggestions.
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