Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 7
·2067-2081
·
IF 2.508
Elganidi Ibrahim,Elarbe Basem,Ridzuan Norida,Abdullah Norhayati
Wax deposition is considered one of the most serious operational issues in the crude oil pipelines. This issue occurs when the crude oil temperature decreases below the temperature of wax appearance and paraffin wax starts to precipitate on the pipelines’ inner walls. As a result, the crude oil flow is impeded because of the precipitated wax. The use of polymeric pour point depressants has obtained significant interest among researchers as an approach of wax control for enhancing the flowability of the waxy crude oil. PPD of poly(behenyl acrylate - co -stearyl methacrylate- co- maleic anhydride) (BA- co -SMA -co -MA) was facilely synthesised by the use of free radical polymerisation. The variation of the PPD structure was studied by choosing several essential parameters like monomers ratio, reaction time, initiator concentration, and reaction temperature. Furthermore, viscosity measurement, pour point, and cold finger apparatus have been employed to evaluate the efficiency of the synthesised Polymer. The chemical structure of poly(BA- co -SMA -co -MA) has been identified through the use of Fourier transform infrared as well as nuclear magnetic resonance. The experimental findings demonstrated that the ideal conditions for obtaining the highest yield were 1.5% initiator concentration, reaction time and temperature of 8 h and 100 °C, respectively, and monomer ratio of 1:1:1 (BA:SMA:MA). Under these ideal conditions, the prepared terpolymer reduced the crude oil viscosity at 30 °C and 1500 ppm from 7.2 to 3.2 mPa.s. The cold finger experiment demonstrated that after poly(BA -co- SMA -co- MA) was used as a wax inhibitor, the maximum efficiency of paraffin inhibition of 45.6% was achieved at 200 rpm and 5 °C. Besides, the best performance in depressing the pour point by ΔPP 14 ℃ observed at the concentration of 1500 ppm, which can change the growth characteristics of wax crystals and delay the aggregation of asphaltene and resin, thus effectively improving the flowability of crude oil.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 16
·e55254
·
IF 2.7
Saifei Fang,Xin Pu,Ali Usman,Jiawen Hu,Xin Han,Lei Ye,Yunlong Qin,Pengpeng Liu,Bo Luan,Jichang Liu
Asphaltenes and waxes are the primary factors affecting the cold flow properties of crude oil. In this paper, based on the binary polymer of acrylate-maleic anhydride (PM 22 -MA), different third polar groups of acrylamide, N -(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, N -phenylacrylamide (NPA), and styrene (SM) were introduced to synthesize a series of ternary pour point depressants (PPDs) to explore the effect of asphaltene on the cold flow properties of Xijiang (XJ) crude oil. Thereinto, PM 22 -MA-NPA containing amide group and benzene ring exhibited the best depressive effect, which decreased pour point by 14°C at 1500 ppm. The mechanism of interaction of the polar groups in PPDs with asphaltene was studied. The polar groups could form stronger hydrogen bonds with asphaltene, delaying the asphaltene macromolecule bonding, allowing the synergistic effect of PPDs and asphaltene to be better utilized to improve the cold flow properties of crude oil. Furthermore, the dipole moment magnitude and electron cloud density were calculated with Gaussian. It was found that the polar group with a dipole moment magnitude of 3.2244 debye and an electron cloud density ranging from −1.6364 to 1.9944 eV was the most suitable third polar monomer for the PPDs of XJ crude oil.
研究领域:
石油工程
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 1.07
Weichao Du,Yongfei Li,Bo Yun,Jie Zhang,Rongjun Zhang,Gang Chen
In this paper, four novel cyclohexanone-alcohol hemiketals (KL-1, KL-2, KL-3, KL-4) as waxy crude oil flow improver have been prepared by cyclohexanone and 1-pentanol, 1-Hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol. Evaluation results demonstrate the hemiketal compounds have obvious effect on the viscosity and pour point of Henan crude oil. DSC analysis showed that waxing point and waxing peak decreased to a certain degree in 0.05% hemiketal solutions. Wax crystal morphology analysis indicated the four hemiketals played a role of nucleation in the process of waxy crude oil decoagulation, and in that way acts as waxy crude oil flow improver.
研究领域:
石油化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 1.268
Zihao Huang,Xin Pu,Jiawen Hu,Jin Gu,Jichang Liu
A series of poly (n-alkyl acrylate-maleic anhydride) with different molecular weights were prepared as pour point depressants (PPDs) for JENM waxy crude oil obtained from the China-Myanmar crude oil pipeline. The crystallization temperature, wax morphology, and rheological behavior of crude oil were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing microscope, and rotary rheometer, respectively. The results indicate that the molecular weight significantly affects the performance of the pour point depressant. When the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of copolymers were ranging from 60,000 to 70,000, it has a better pour point depression effect for JENM crude oil. The added copolymer (MW = 68,300) has achieved optimal performance which decreased the pour point of crude oil from 30 to 19 °C and crystallization temperature from 39.5 to 36.1 °C with the smallest wax crystal size and the 96.7% reduction viscosity.
研究领域:
石油化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Petroleum Science
·
2023
·
IF 5.6
Yang Liu,Zheng-Nan Sun,Sheng-Zhu Ji,Yi-Hai Yang,Jian-Qi Xu,Guo-Lin Jing
The nanocomposite EVAL-CNT was produced by chemical grafting in the solution system through the esterification of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNT), and its structural properties were characterized. The improvement of the rheological properties of the waxy oil system by the novel pour point depressant was investigated using macroscopic rheological measurements and microscopic observations. The results showed that EVAL-CNT nanocomposite pour point depressant (PPD) could significantly reduce the pour point and improve the low temperature fluidity of crude oil and had better performance than EVAL-GO at the same addition level. The best effect was achieved at the dosing concentration of 400 ppm, which reduced the pour point by 13 °C and the low-temperature viscosity by 85.4%. The nanocomposites dispersed in the oil phase influenced the precipitation and crystallization of wax molecules through heterogeneous crystallization templates, which led to the increase of wax crystal size and compact structure and changed the wax crystal morphology, which had a better effect on the rheological properties of waxy oil.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2020
·
IF 3.421
Jincheng Mao,Zhi Kang,Xiaojiang Yang,Chong Lin,Lijun Zheng,Ming Zuo,Jinhua Mao,Sikai Dai,Jinxing Xue,Dong Ouyang
Exploring ways to efficiently and inexpensively exploit and transport high-viscosity and high-pour-point crude oil is very important, and use of silica nanoparticles (nano-SiO2) to reduce the pour point and viscosity of this oil is promising. For this purpose, we modified nano-SiO2 in two ways. First, we used the coupling agent KH570 to replace hydroxyl groups in nano-SiO2 with organic groups. Next, we used four monomers (octadecyl methacrylate, styrene, maleic anhydride, and acrylamide) for graft copolymerization of the modified nano-SiO2 to obtain a nano-SiO2 composite. This method of modifying the nano-SiO2 surface reduces the agglomeration tendency of unmodified nano-SiO2 and disperses the composite material in the organic solvent. A synthetic nanocomposite material could reduce the viscosity of heavy oil with different viscosities and pour points by more than 60%. It could also reduce the pour points of heavy oil by more than 10 °C, thus showing superiority over the traditional ethylene–vinyl acetate flow modifier.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 1.454
Zhengnan Sun,Guolin Jing,Ziyi Tu
The nano-hybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was prepared with organically modified nano-silica covering in EVA. The effects of modified nano-silica/EVA on the flow behavior and wax crystallization of model oils with different wax contents were evaluated. Compared with pure EVA and nano-silica/EVA, modified nano-silica/EVA exhibited a better effect, when doped with 500 ppm, the pour point of the model oil containing 20 wt% wax was reduced from 33°C to 0°C. However, it is noteworthy that pour point cannot accurately reflect the effect of YSiO2/EVA as cold flow improver for a high wax content. The crystal morphology and crystallization behavior of the model oils at low temperature were also observed using polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The results indicated that modified nano-silica/EVA can reduce the size of the wax crystals and disperse the wax crystals by heterogeneous nucleation.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2012
·
IF 2.721
Yumin Wu,Guangdi Ni,Fei Yang,Chuanxian Li,Guoliang Dong
To investigate the influence of structure variables of polymeric additives on the pour-point depression and rheological behavior of waxy crude oil, maleic anhydride co-polymer and its derivatives with different polar and/or aromatic pendant chains were designed and synthesized. All prepared additives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The pour-point and rheological properties of Changqing (CQ) crude oil with a low asphaltene content before and after additive beneficiation were studied in detail. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing light microscopy were employed to gain insight on the interactions between such additives and wax crystals. The results are encouraging and showed that all four polymeric additives exhibited good efficiency as flow improvers in CQ crude oil. The reduction of pour-point and rheological parameters after additive addition largely related to the polymer structure. The polymer containing aromatic units showed the best performance, which could depress the pour point by 19 °C and decrease the yield stress as well as viscosity to a large extent.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Processes
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 4
·1159
·
IF 3.5
ZhengNan Sun,Biao Yan,GuoLin Jing,YiHai Yang,HongJing Li,FuNing Zhang
Differences in the synthesis methods can affect the performance of nanocomposite materials. The synthesis methods of SiO2-based nanocomposite pour point depressants synthesized by chemical hybrid are mostly in situ polymerization and chemical grafting. However, there are still some gaps in the synthesis of nanocomposites using chemical grafting. In this paper, the amino-modified Nano-SiO2and octamethyl methacrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer was used to prepare PM18-g-NSiO2by an amidation reaction, and the product was compared with PM18/SiO2prepared by the solution blending method. The characterization results of FT-IR and SEM showed that the chemical bond formed between PM18 and NSiO2and PM18-g-NSiO2showed a more regular morphology structure. The results of rheological tests showed that the optimal concentration of PM18-g-NSiO2and PM18/SiO2is 300 mg·kg−1, but the decrease of PM18-g-NSiO2is 19 °C, while the decrease of PM18/SiO2is only 13 °C. The lowest viscosity of model oil added PM18-g-NSiO2was only 214 mPa·s while PM18/SiO2reached 453 mPa·s. The wax crystal structure after adding PM18-g-NSiO2is also more regular and smaller compared to PM18/SiO2. We concluded that differences in the synthesis methods may lead to the different coverage of the polymer on the surface of the nanoparticle.Keywords:nano-SiO2;polymethacrylate;nanocomposite pour point depressant;flow properties;wax crystal
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
·
2024
·Vol. 50
·期 11
·5545-5556
·
IF 2.8
Wan Shun-li,Liu Jing-mei,Zhou Xiao-dong,Hu Qing-yun,Ma Chun-mei,Sun Peng-tao,Su Yong-guo,Ma Rui-tao
In this study, tetradecyl methacrylate-maleic anhydride-benzylidene acetone (C 14 MC-MA-MCA) terpolymers were synthesized via free radical polymerization and evaluated as pour point depressants (PPDs) for coal-based diesel. The findings indicate that the C 14 MC-MA-MCA (3:1:1) terpolymer exhibited the most effective inhibition of the solid point (SP) at 1500 ppm concentration. Specifically, it reduced the SP of coal-based diesel from − 4 to − 42 °C, marking a significant decrease of 38 °C. Furthermore, the crystallization behavior and SP reduction mechanism of C 14 MC-MA-MCA in coal-based diesel were investigated using viscosity analysis and polarized optical microscopy (POM).
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 1.9
Zheng’nan Sun,Zhong’cheng Luo,Yong’hui Wang,Yi’hai Yang,Guo’lin Jing,Ming’xing Bai
In this paper, amino carbon quantum dots (NCACQDs) were synthesized from aspartic acid and citric acid by pyrolysis method, and the nanocomposite pour point depressant EVAM-g-NCACQDs was prepared by grafting NCACQDs with modified ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAM) by solution method. The improvement effect and mechanism of EVAM-g-NCACQDs on the low-temperature fluidity of wax oils were investigated by combining the evaluation methods of pour point determination, rheological analysis, and polarized light microscopy. The experimental results showed that when the doping amount of NCACQDs was 0.5 wt% of the mass of EVAM, the addition of 500 ppm of EVAM-g-NCACQDs could reduce the pour point of the wax oil from 34 °C to 11 °C, and the viscosity of the wax oil was only 48 mPa·s at 20 °C, which further reduced the pour point of the wax oil by 8 °C compared to that of the wax oil added with the same dosage of EVAM, and the viscosity was reduced by 94.27%.Polarized light microscopy showed that the wax crystals with EVAM-g-NCACQDs formed a regular and tight petal structure with clearer boundaries and homogeneous dispersion, which allowed the oil-phase flow space to be fully released at low temperatures, thus significantly improving the low-temperature fluidity of the wax oils.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
石油工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2020
·
IF 5.578
Gang Chen,Zhichao Zhou,Xiaodan Shi,Xiaolong Zhang,Sanbao Dong,Jie Zhang
Small molecule flow improver for heavy oil recovery has attracted great attention in oilfield chemistry . In this study, 24 alkylbenzenesulfonates were synthesized and evaluated as crude oil flow improvers. The results show that all of the alkylbenzenesulfonates were effective, the chromium alkylbenzenesulfonate (CrDBS) and zinc alkylbenzenesulfonate (ZnDBS) were found to have the best performance with the viscosity reduction rate of higher than 90%. Besides, the CrDBS and ZnDBS can depress the pour point of the crude oil sample by 21.0 °C and 16.0 °C, respectively. The co-crystallization of alkylbenzenesulfonate with the saturated hydrocarbons in the crude oil could disorder the wax crystals and depress the pour point. In addition, DSC was used to reveal the mechanism of viscosity reduction and pour point depressing by alkylbenzenesulfonates. The flow improver can disturb the formation of hydrogen bonds and the π-π interaction bonds among the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the resin macromolecules . Besides, the field test using ZnDBS confirmed its good performance and promising application potential in enhancing the heavy oil recovery.
研究领域:
石油化学
·
油田开发
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）