Catalysts
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2016
·Vol. 6
·期 9
·143
·
IF 2.964
Lincai Peng,Ruili Tao,Yu Wu
Levulinate ester has been identified as a promising renewable fuel additive and platform chemical. Here, the use of a wide range of common metal salts as acid catalysts for catalytic upgrading of biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol to butyl levulinate was explored by conventional heating. Both alkali and alkaline earth metal chlorides did not lead effectively to the conversion of furfuryl alcohol, while several transition metal chlorides (CrCl3, FeCl3, and CuCl2) and AlCl3exhibited catalytic activity for the synthesis of butyl levulinate. For their sulfates (Cr(III), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Al(III)), the catalytic activity was low. The reaction performance was correlated with the Brønsted acidity of the reaction system derived from the hydrolysis/alcoholysis of cations, but was more dependent on the Lewis acidity from the metal salts. Among these investigated metal salts, CuCl2was found to be uniquely effective, leading to the conversion of furfuryl alcohol to butyl levulinate with an optimized yield of 95%. Moreover, CuCl2could be recovered efficiently from the resulting reaction mixture and remained with almost unchanged catalytic activity in multiple recycling runs.Keywords:biofuel;furfuryl alcohol;catalytic upgrading;metal salt;levulinate ester
研究领域:
化学工程
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可再生能源
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CATALYSIS TODAY
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2022
·
IF 6.562
Jinshu Huang,Yumei Jian,Hu Li,Zhen Fang
Biochar materials have wide applications in soil improvement/remediation, water pollution control, gas storage, and heterogeneous catalysis, while usually suffering from low surface areas and harsh preparation conditions. In this study, a green, environmentally friendly, and low-cost biochar catalyst (PAP-MEPP-C) was prepared by thermochemical treatment of lignin-derived monomers at a low temperature (80 °C), and further developed for high-efficiency production of biodiesel from non-edible Jatropha oil ( J O). The characterization results showed that the structure of the PAP-MEPP-C biochar catalyst was layered and 3D structure, and its acidity could be controlled by changing the monomeric composition. The reaction conditions of preparing biodiesel catalyzed by PAP-MEPP-C were optimized by the response surface method, and the obtained maximum biodiesel yield was 97.2%. The kinetics of the (trans)esterification reaction over the developed biochar catalyst PAP-MEPP-C was studied, and its superior catalytic performance to other tested acid catalysts could be supported by a relatively lower activation energy (36 kJ mol −1 ). In addition, the biochar catalyst was highly stable and could be recycled four times with more than 90% biodiesel yield.
研究领域:
环境科学
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能源化学
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催化材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2016
·
IF 2.75
Yi Li,Muhammad Nadeem Amin,Xingmei Lu,Chunshan Li,Fuqiang Ren,Suojiang Zhang
The catalyst NiO/MgO–Al 2 O 3 was prepared by loading magnesium and nickel onto the surface of γ-Al 2 O 3 beads, respectively, and was adapted to in situ upgrade the high temperature pyrolysis vapor derived from coal pyrolysis. The catalyst synthesis process, and structural variation were characterized by the XRD, SEM, and physical adsorption analyzer. In order to examine the catalytic effect on the different nickel loading ratio in the catalysts, the solid–liquid–gas product distribution, variation of gas and components of coal tar were studied by simulated distillation, GC/MS, elemental analysis and so on. The results shows both the tar yield and the content of the light fraction in the tar can be increased by catalytic up grade. The catalyst has a strong ability to convert the heavy component and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the tar to lower molecular weight components.
研究领域:
化学工程
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2015
·
IF 3.52
Lincai Peng,Xueying Gao,Keli Chen
The use of various aluminum salts as acid catalysts was compared in terms of catalytic upgrading of renewable furfuryl alcohol in hot ethanol medium. The commercially available AlCl 3 was emerged as a simple, cheap, and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of ethyl levulinate. From this study, four significant parameters including AlCl 3 dosage, furfuryl alcohol concentration, temperature, and time were evaluated and modeled to determine the optimal combination via response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design. All parameters influenced the formation of ethyl levulinate—the maximum yield was 95.7% (100% furfuryl alcohol conversion). AlCl 3 could be recovered efficiently and reused multiple times without substantial loss of its catalytic activity. Moreover, AlCl 3 as the catalyst with optimized conditions was appropriate for the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol in other linear alcohols to afford equally high yields of the corresponding alkyl levulinates.
研究领域:
化学工程
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可再生能源
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催化科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2020
·
IF 5.578
Chenyao Bi,Xu Wang,Qing You,Baoyu Liu,Zhuo Li,Jianbo Zhang,Qingqing Hao,Ming Sun,Huiyong Chen,Xiaoxun Ma
Five MFI-type zeolite catalysts, which were aluminosilicate ZSM-5 (Z5), gallium-substituted silicalite-1 (Ga-S1), mesoporous ZSM-5 (MZ5), gallium-substituted mesoporous silicalite-1 (Ga-MS1) and gallium-substituted mesoporous ZSM-5 (Ga-MZ5), were hydrothermally synthesized with combined using of TPAOH and TPOAC as micropore and mesopore structure-directing agents respectively, followed by the application in the catalytic upgrading of volatiles from low-rank coal fast pyrolysis. The obtained results indicated that significant improvements with the yield of high value-added products of BTEXN (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and naphthalene) increased from 5.4 mg.g −1 to 11.9–26.4 mg.g −1 , as well as the content of light fractions (<300 °C) in coal tars increased from 51% to 65–88% were realized by using the representative MFI-type zeolite catalysts in contrast to non-catalyst pyrolysis. Moreover, the possible mechanism for catalytic upgrading over the best-performing catalyst of gallium-substituted mesoporous ZSM-5 (Ga-MZ5) with the highest yield of aromatics and effective reduction of phenols was proposed on the basis of systematic comparison of structural features and catalytic performances of various MFI-type zeolite catalysts and fundamental study of the synergetic effects dominated by acidity, ratio of Brønsted/Lewis acid sites, intra-/extra-framework gallium species and hierarchical meso-/microporosity.
研究领域:
能源化学
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催化材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2023
·
IF 13.6
Yan Mao,Shiying Fan,Xinyong Li,Jugong Shi,Mufan Wang,Zhaodong Niu,Guohua Chen
Microplastic pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue of global concern due to its detrimental effects on the environment and ecology. Restricted to their characters of complex composition, it is a great challenge to propose a more cost-effective approach to achieve highly selective conversion of microplastic into add-value products. Here we demonstrate an upcycling strategy for converting PET microplastics into added-value chemicals (formate, terephthalic acid and K 2 SO 4 ). PET is initially hydrolyzed in KOH solution to produce terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol , which is subsequently used as an electrolyte to produce formate at the anode. Meanwhile, the cathode undergoes hydrogen evolution reaction to produce H 2 . Preliminary techno-economic analysis suggests that this strategy has certain economic feasibility and a novel Mn 0.1 Ni 0.9 Co 2 O 4-δ rod-shaped fiber (RSFs) catalyst we synthesized can achieve high Faradaic efficiency (> 95%) at 1.42 V vs. RHE with optimistic formate productivity. The high catalytic performance can be attributed to the doping of Mn changing the electronic structure and reducing the metal-oxygen covalency of NiCo 2 O 4 , reducing the lattice oxygen oxidation in spinel oxide OER electrocatalysts . This work not only put forward an electrocatalytic strategy for PET microplastic upcycling but also guides the design of electrocatalysts with excellent performance.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Xinyang Chen,Sijie Li,Yixi Lin,Shanshan Gao,Jin Liu,Yuan Xue,Xi Gao
A series of novel catalysts were prepared by modifying biochar (BC) with different metal loading (Fe, Zn) and thermal activation in different atmospheres (CO 2 , H 2 O). The catalysts were further used to upgrade the pyrolysis vapor from pine wood sawdust, aiming to produce high-quality bio-oil. The modified biochar catalyst exhibited strong deoxygenation ability to acids and ketones in bio-oil and effectively converted lignin-derived compounds into aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols . Subsequently, the catalyst (BC-Fe-CO 2 ) demonstrating the highest yields of phenols and aromatics was selected for condition optimization. Different catalytic temperatures and biomass-to-catalyst ratios were compared to determine the optimal conditions for producing high-quality bio-oil. Phenolics and aromatic hydrocarbons content in the bio-oil reached 70 % at the optimal condition and the selectivity of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aromatic hydrocarbons reached 77 %. The properties of the biochar catalysts were characterized using BET, SEM, XRD, and XPS. The superior performance of the modified BC catalysts not only relied on its enhanced surface area and porous structure but also due to active Fe sites. The detail reaction pathways of the bio-oil catalytic upgrading were also proposed. These findings underscore the potential of modified biochar in pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading for bio-oil with improved quality.
研究领域:
能源与燃料
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催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
·
2019
·Vol. 46
·期 2
·1469-1485
·
IF 2.064
Yu Xin,Peng Lincai,Pu Qiuyu,Tao Ruili,Gao Xueying,He Liang,Zhang Junhua
The preparation and application of biorenewable carbon-based catalyst are attracting increasingly attention in the field of green and sustainable chemistry. Here, a facile and low-cost lignosulfonate-based carbonaceous solid acid (LSS) was availably prepared via directly sulfonating lignosulfonate that was from sulfite pulping industry, and used to catalyze biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol to yield versatile butyl levulinate. The fabrication and properties of LSS were highly sensitive to the sulfonation conditions (i.e., lignosulfonate-to-H 2 SO 4 ratio and temperature). The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared LSS were well characterized using BET surface area, acid–base titration, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, and TGA techniques. The LSS contained –SO 3 H, –COOH and phenolic –OH groups and was ideal to perform the reaction of furfuryl alcohol with n-butanol to obtain butyl levulinate in yield higher than 95% at 110 °C for 8 h with catalyst dosage of 15 g/L. Meanwhile, the catalyst deactivated increasingly with a recycle number that was attributed to the adsorption of formed polymeric by-products on the active catalyst sites, and the slightly deactivated catalyst after plain sulfonation treatment was found to remain active with an almost unchanged product yield in consecutive cycles. This work highlights an economic, eco-friendly, sustainable and promising protocol for catalytic upgrading of bio-based compounds.
研究领域:
绿色化学
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可再生资源利用
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催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
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2019
·
IF 3.774
Xiaohua Li,Wenbin Dong,Jin Zhang,Shanshan Shao,Yixi Cai
The Fe-, Co-, Cu-loaded HZSM-5 zeolites were prepared via impregnation method. The upgrading by catalyst on biomass pyrolysis vapors was conducted over modified zeolites to investigate their catalytic upgrading performance and anti-coking performance. The Brønsted acid sites amount on Cu-,Co-loaded HZSM-5 decreased sharply, while that of Lewis both increased. The yield of liquid fraction and refined bio-oil over metal loaded ZSM-5 catalysts decreased, while that of char almost kept constant. The physical property of refined bio-oil was promoted in terms of pH value, dynamic viscosity and higher heating value (HHV). FT-IR analysis revealed that the chemical structure of refined bio-oil obtained over Fe-, Co-, Cu-loaded HZSM-5 zeolites was highly similar. The yield of monocyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon over Fe-,Co-loaded HZSM-5 were boosted by around 2.5 times compared with original ZSM-5 zeolites. Data analysis revealed that Cu/HZSM-5 presented the worst deoxygenation ability. The anti-coking capability of Fe/HZSM-5 was obviously better, i.e., the coke content showed an approximate decrease of 38%. Thus, this study provided an efficient Fe/HZSM-5 catalysts for preparation of bio-oil derived from catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapor.
研究领域:
能源与燃料
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Xiaoxian Li,Min Lin,Rui Li,Mingde Yang,Yulong Wu
Algal bio-oil obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae contains a large amount of water and long-chain fatty acids. High acidity and corrosiveness seriously restrict the application of algal bio-oil. The aqueous-phase catalytic upgrading was a promising approach to solve this problem, and the hydrogen donor was one of the most important parameters to the conversion of the algal bio-oil and the quality of the products. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reaction was an efficient, economical and green method for hydrogenation reaction, which can directly transfer hydrogen from the hydrogen donor to the reaction substrate. In this work, the CTH reaction of algal bio-oil model compound palmitic acid was investigated to deal with the problem of high oxygen content in the algal bio-oil. Several common hydrogen donors, included methanol, ethanol, formic acid, and isopropanol, as well as different reaction conditions were experimented to study the CTH process of palmitic acid. The results showed that, with the reaction conditions of 350 °C and 10 h, formic acid achieved the best oxygen removal, carbon retention and energy efficiency, the C 16 selectivity reached the highest at 33.3 % as the formic acid addition ratio was 1:2, and the C 15 selectivity reached the highest at 48.3 % as the formic acid addition ratio was 1:3. In general, the best ratio of formic acid added was 1:3, which showed the highest yield of C 15 and above alkanes of 79.6 %. This result indicates that the catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction of formic acid has practical value in improving the combustion performance of algal bio-oil.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
可再生能源
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 13.6
Kaixin Li,Chenghan Cai,Wenjie Zhou,Yiqian Wang,Tan Giin Yu Amy,Zhipeng Sun,Yonggang Min
The transformation of waste plastics to fuel products is an appealing strategy to address plastic-associated environmental and energy issues. In this study, a tandem pyrolysis–catalytic upgrading approach, using a series of mono-/bitransition-metal-modified Si-pillared vermiculite catalysts, was adopted to transform disposable grocery bags (i.e., a polyethylene-based material) to kerosene-range fuels. The results revealed that the silicon pillars contributed to the catalyst’s excellent thermal stability to withstand temperatures of up to 1000 °C, while the transition-metallic species (e.g., Co/Ni/Fe) contributed to the fine-tuning of the catalyst’s acidity and porosity. Specifically, Co–Fe/Si-pillared vermiculite (SPV) (5:5) produced the highest yield of oil products (75.7 wt%), with alkane and aromatic selectivities of 57.5% and 27.8%, respectively, resembling the composition of kerosene. The catalyst’s high selectivities for the targeted products were attributed to the controllable acidity and porosity, enabling a balance to be achieved between these two properties. Pathways were proposed for the tandem pyrolysis in the presence of Co–Fe/SPV. The vermiculite-based catalysts showed satisfactory reusability following regeneration. Beyond polyethylene-based plastics, these catalysts are also applicable to the pyrolysis of other plastic feedstocks. Because vermiculite is a low-cost material, the developed catalyst has good commercialization potential for a wide spectrum of waste-to-energy conversions.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 106
·104398-104406
·
IF 3.289
Cong Zhang,Jingbo Qi,Jing Xing,Si-Fu Tang,Liang Song,Yuanyuan Sun,Chuanhui Zhang,Hongchuan Xin,Xuebing Li
Aqueous phase catalytic upgrading of lignin monomers to hydrocarbons via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) has been explored using a combination of Pd/C and HZSM-5 catalysts under 2 MPa of H2 (ambient temperature). Model monomers with varying numbers of methoxy groups, including phenol, anisole, guaiacol and 2,6-dimethoxy-phenol, were chosen as lignin model compounds. Mechanistic studies revealed cascade and parallel reaction pathways via hydrogenation and dehydration (hydrolysis) processes, which were catalyzed by Pd/C and HZSM-5, respectively. Hydrogenation was preferred at lower temperature, whereas higher temperature was favorable for the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups. The effect of methoxy groups on the HDO of these monomers was also investigated systematically. Basically, the conversion of multi-substituted monomers was tougher than that of mono-substituted ones, due to steric constraint and the inhibition of the electron-donating hydroxyl group. The selectivities to cyclohexane from phenol and anisole were improved significantly by increasing the temperature to 413 K. However, cyclohexanone was preferably produced over cyclohexane when using model compounds with multi-substituents (guaiacol and 2,6-dimethoxy-phenol), even at temperatures above 513 K. Comparative experiments were also conducted on the HDO of 1,2-cyclohexanediol with or without the presence of phenol, which clearly suggested that the further HDO of guaiacol and 2,6-dimethoxy-phenol was inhibited, probably due to the strong interactions between cyclohexanediol molecules and Brønsted acid sites.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化反应
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）