Small Methods
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2024
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IF 10.7
Ran An,Pengye Du,Yuan Liang,Shuyu Liu,Yi Wei,Pengpeng Lei,Hongjie Zhang
Optical encryption shows great potential in meeting the growing demand for advanced anti-counterfeiting in the information age. The development of upconversion luminescence (UCL) materials capable of emitting different colors of light in response to different external stimuli holds great promise in this field. However, the effective realization of multicolor UCL materials usually requires complex structural designs. In this work, orthogonal UCL is achieved in crystals with a simple structure simply by introducing modulator Tm 3+ ions to control the photon transition processes between different energy levels of activator Er 3+ ions. The obtained crystals emit red and green UCL when excited by 980 nm and 808 nm lasers, respectively. The orthogonal excitation-emission properties of crystals are shown to be very suitable for high-level optical encryption, which is important for information security and anti-counterfeiting. This work provides an effective strategy for obtaining orthogonal UCL in simple structural materials, which will encourage researchers to further explore novel orthogonal UCL materials and their applications, and has important implications for the development of the frontier photonic upconversion fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 15.7
Wen Xin,Zhang Kaihang,Wu Baoyi,Chen Guancong,Zheng Ning,Wu Jingjun,Yang Xuxu,Xie Tao,Zhao Qian
Leveraging the rich stimuli-response of polymers represents a promising direction towards optical communication/encryption. Sign language, which relies on specific geometric change for secured communication, has been widely used for the same purpose since ancient time. We report a strategy that combines both in a validated manner with a hydrogel that not only carries encrypted optical information but also has the hidden behavior to morph geometrically. In particular, the shape morphing behavior is programmable by controlling the oriented state of the polymer chain in the thermo-responsive network. Whether the shape morphing direction is positive (bending) or negative (flattening) cannot be predicted when the polymerization methods are not informed, revealing a hidden manner. Through deciphering the coupling of chain elastic stresses and thermo-induced deswelling stress, the hydrogel can perform designed and diversified 4D morphing which represents evolution of 3D geometries with time as the fourth dimension. Consequently, the corresponding optical information can be gated based on these geometric features, thereby decrypting the correct permutation of information. Our approach that utilizes the geometric 4D morphing for gated verification of optical information offers a strategy for enhancing the security of communication in ways that are quite different from existing strategies.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学工程
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生物医学工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Advanced Materials Technologies
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2025
·
IF 6.2
Ganghui Wei,Qiong Li,Ni Lan,Yujun Fu,Qiming Liu,Yonggang Zhao,Deyan He
With the rapid advancement of information technology, information security has become a major challenge in contemporary society. Optical cryptography has gained attention as a key research area in cryptography due to its unique multi-dimensional storage and large-capacity features. In this study, a novel infrared rewritable PEDOT:DSS film (IRR-PDF) is introduced, that demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and flexibility. Furthermore, it can efficiently regulate thermal emission through a simple redox treatment and can be written and erased reversibly. Additionally, the operational principles of IRR-PDF in modulating infrared thermal imaging are explored. This investigation reveals that the core mechanisms behind the phenomenon involve the modulation of polar transport properties of PEDOT molecules by redox agents and the regulation of infrared emission through changes in crystal conformation during the redox process. The discovery opens up new possibilities for practical applications in infrared direct writing and cryptographic encryption. The biocompatibility of PEDOT:DSS, which distinguishes it from other conductive polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), allows IRR-PDF to be widely used in smart wearables field. It also establishes a crucial technological link with the multi-dimensional storage and high-capacity features of optical cryptography, which provides novel insights and material foundations for future applications and advancements in information security.
研究领域:
材料科学
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信息安全
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生物医学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
OPTICAL MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Xiaoxuan Song,Jian Yang,Shuai Wang,Jia Song,Biying Bao,Hancheng Zhu,Duanting Yan,Changshan Xu,Yuxue Liu
Herein, ZMGGO:Cr 3+ nanoparticles were prepared by incorporating Mg 2+ ions into Cr 3+ -doped zinc gallogermenate nanoparticles through a hydrothermal path in combination with a vacuum heating. The average size of ZMGGO:Cr 3+ nanoparticles minishes from 59 to 12 nm with growing Mg 2+ concentration. Meanwhile their luminescence intensity at 696 nm of ZMGGO:Cr 3+ nanoparticles was only decreased by less than half of that of the undoped nanoparticles due to the decreased particle size after Mg doping. Meanwhile, the integral luminescence intensity of their entire emission band shows an increasing trend with increasing temperature due to the enhanced phonon sideband luminescence at high temperature. More important, it is found that the formation energies associated with Mg′ Ga -Ga o Zn and Zn′ Ga -Ga o Zn defects are −1.2 and 1.69 eV, respectively, suggesting the enhanced afterglow intensity of ZMGGO:Cr 3+ can be ascribed to Mg doping leading to the increased number of these anti-site traps. Finally, the dual-level time-gate optical encryption was demonstrated using phosphorescent inks containing ZMGGO:Cr 3+ nanoparticles with different afterglow intensities.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2021
·
IF 9.229
Xin Zheng,Yangbin Zhu,Yang Liu,Linpeng Zhou,Zhongwei Xu,Chen Feng,Chunbo Zheng,Yueting Zheng,Jieyu Bai,Kaiyu Yang,Dongyan Zhu,Jianmin Yao,Hailong Hu,Yuanhui Zheng,Tailiang Guo,Fushan Li
Optical security labels play a significant role in protecting both our wealth and health. However, simultaneously meeting the requirements including low-cost fabrication, easy detection, and high-level security is still challenging for security labels. Here, we design an unclonable anti-counterfeiting system with triple-level security by using the inkjet printing technique, which can be authenticated by naked eyes, a portable microscope, and a fluorescence microscope. These labels are achieved by printing microscale quantum dot (QD) ink droplets on premodified substrates with random-distributed glass microspheres. Due to the unique capillary action induced by the glass microspheres, QDs in the ink droplets are deposited around the microspheres, forming microscale multicircular patterns. Multiple pinning of QDs at the three-phase contact lines appears during the evaporation of the droplet, resulting in the formation of a nanoscale labyrinthine pattern around the microspheres. The nanoscale labyrinth pattern and the microscale multicircular microsphere array, together with the printed macroscopic image, constitute a triple-level progressive anti-counterfeiting system. Moreover, the system is compatible with an artificial intelligence-based identification strategy that allows rapid identification and verification of the unclonable security labels.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2025
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IF 12.5
Juan Yu,Sijie Gong,Chaoqun Xu,Liqin Jiang,Jia Liu,Bin Wu,Xiaofang Zhang,Yimin Fan,Zhiguo Wang
Nanoellulose-based mechanochromic materials represent a frontier in sustainable optics, offering a renewable platform for advanced functional materials. However, the precise manipulation of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) into intelligent optical systems remains challenging due to their inherent variability in size and the difficulty of achieving controlled orientation. Herein, we developed a straightforward and scalable strategy to construct mechanochromic CNF hydrogels (MCNFHs) with engineerable interference colors (ranging from yellow, red, blue, green) under compressive stress by exploiting their response to acidic vapor, that is, via simple and feasible gas phase coagulation. Remarkably, MCNFHs displayed excellent solvent resistance, mechanochromic reversibility and mechanochromic sensitivity, which could achieve the switch from black to yellow, red, blue and green under only a load of 0.36 N, a stress of 1.2 KPa, and a strain of 15 %, offering a robust platform for pressure sensing or micro-strains detecting. We also demonstrated that these new MCNFHs can be smoothly applied in optical coding systems for optical encryption. This work highlighted a versatile strategy for creating high performance CNF-based mechanochromic materials, without the need for complicated pre-assembly or precise manipulation of CNF, underscoring their potential in pressure sensing, encryption, and beyond.
研究领域:
材料科学
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可持续发展
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光学工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Small
·
2022
·Vol. 18
·期 49
·2204484
·
IF 15.153
Yibo Chen,Zhi-Han Zuo,Zhao-Qing Liu,Yadong Yin
Drop-casting manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) hollow nanospheres synthesized via a simple surface-initiated redox route produces thin films exhibiting angle-independent structural colors. The colors can rapidly change in response to high-humidity dynamic water vapor (relative humidity > 90%) with excellent reversibility. When the film is triggered by dynamic water vapor with a relative humidity of ≈100%, the color changes with an optimal wavelength redshift of ≈60 nm at ≈600 ms while there is no shift under static water vapor. The unique selective response originates from the nanoscale porosity formed in the shells by randomly stacked MnO 2 nanosheets, which enhances the capillary condensation of dynamic water vapor and promotes the change of their effective refractive index for rapid color switching. The repeated color-switching tests over 100 times confirm the durability and reversibility of the MnO 2 film. The potential of these films for applications in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption is further demonstrated by reversible encoding and decoding initiated exclusively by exposure to human breath.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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光学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Matter
·
2025
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IF 17.5
Xin Liang,Hanxin Xia,Wenjun Peng,Xianming Zhang,Yaoguang Ma,Qian Zhao,Tao Xie
Optical metamaterials that can interact with light in a sophisticated way are in increasing demand for multiplexed optical encryption. Current designs rely on creating delicate micro-structures of specific materials, which require complex device fabrication. Here, we devise a mechanism to fabricate birefringent metamaterials with their optical functions arising from spatially programmable stresses in common photosensitive resins. Typically, volume shrinkage occurs during the photocuring, which leads to random, undesirable, yet inevitable internal stress. In contrast, our approach digitally manipulates the stress magnitude/direction via sequential patterned exposure, converting pixelated shrinkage stress into engineered optical anisotropy. Consequently, multiple distinct birefringent colored patterns can be created on a single material. These color patterns and the associated information are invisible under regular light but can be independently decoded under a rotating polarization field, similar to a kaleidoscope. Our birefringent metamaterials are simple and fast to produce yet exhibit unusual versatility due to the digital light fabrication.
研究领域:
光学工程
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材料科学
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生物医学工程
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纳米光子学
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信息安全
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Jiale Zhang,Chengyue Xin,Ming Ma,Wenjun Zhang,Zihan Chen,Ying Gao,Dan Wang
Conventional materials with single emission centers face limitations in emission tunability and anti-counterfeiting security. Thermochromic-induced reversible luminescence modulation offers an effective approach for multi-level optical encryption. In this work, we demonstrate an information‐encryption strategy based on a vacancy-ordered perovskite that undergoes reversible, delayed luminescence shifts. Blue-emitting Bi 3+ -doped Cs 2 ZrCl 6 crystals were synthesized via a facile precipitation method and exhibit dual emission centers under different excitations. Under 365 nm excitation, the Bi 3+ emission at 465 nm undergoes a thermochromic‐induced red shift to 500 nm upon annealing at 110–180 °C; this visibly distinct green state persists for seven days at room temperature and fully reverts to blue over ≈40 days. In contrast, the intrinsic Cs 2 ZrCl 6 self-trapped-exciton emission at 254 nm excitation remains constant, providing an internal reference for enhanced anti-counterfeiting security. Comprehensive photoluminescence and UV–Vis diffuse-reflectance analyses reveal that annealing modulates the band gap via Bi 3+ -induced intermediate states, thereby driving the reversible emission shift without altering crystal structure or oxidation states. By incorporating the Bi 3+ -doped Cs 2 ZrCl 6 powder into conventional screen-printing ink (5:1 mass ratio), we fabricate nearly invisible security patterns that switch from blue to green under 365 nm UV after heating and automatically recover, enabling multi-cycle thermal encryption. This study not only elucidates the band-gap–mediated mechanism of thermochromic luminescence in lead-free perovskites but also establishes a versatile platform for next-generation, reversible optical security and anti-counterfeiting applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学物理
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纳米技术
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固态化学
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信息安全
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Matter
·
2025
·
IF 17.5
Qing-Peng Peng,Zi-Lin He,Jing-Hua Chen,Jun-Hua Wei,Jian-Bin Luo,Tian-Chi Wang,Kong-Lan Chen,Dai-Bin Kuang
Organic-inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) exhibit remarkable thermodynamic transitions between crystalline and amorphous states, yet their potential application in optical fibers has not been explored. In this study, we present a melt-filling strategy leveraging the low-temperature (230°C) fluidity of (HTPP) 2 MnBr 4 and (HTPP) 2 SbBr 5 (HTPP = hexyltriphenylphosphonium) glasses to fabricate optical fibers with controllable diameters and lengths. These OIMH fibers processed at 230°C feature a core-cladding structure with minimal defects, achieving remarkably low transmission losses of 0.41 dB/cm for Mn-based fibers and 0.16 dB/cm for Sb-based fibers, along with exceptional mechanical flexibility (bending radius ≤0.8 mm). These optical fibers enable information encryption systems and reliable light transmission under bending, demonstrating their potential applications in optical encryption and integrated photonics. This work establishes OIMHs as promising candidates for next-generation optical waveguides.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学工程
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光子学
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纳米科技
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信息加密技术
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DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Optical Materials
·
2021
·Vol. 10
·期 3
·2101843
·
IF 9.926
Ziyu Chen,Jiaxin Yang,Rui Xu,Zejia Zhao,Xu Sang,Lisa Liu,Ming Feng,Feng Song,Yonghong He,Wei Huang
Optical encryption provides a significant implementation strategy for information security, which can be ascribed to multichannel, simple operation, and high security. Multiple responsive luminescent material has emerged as an ideal candidate for optical encryption, owing to intelligent responsive ability and unclonable security. Herein, a structural doping strategy is developed in the layer-by-layer self-assembly process to elevate the maneuverability of light-emitting color and mode. By encapsulating lanthanide doped inorganic matrix and layered hydroxide with PMA, the recognizable red-orange fluorescence can be produced in the invisible region, and realizes the conversion of yellow and green fluorescence in visible region. Meanwhile, both excitation source and emission color can be used as distinguishable encryption means, which enables structural doping complex to be multiplexed and encoded with high capacity and complexity. Furthermore, asymmetrically and symmetrically coded flexible labels with specific color sequence are prepared by brushing process, and specific encryption key are set to ensure the nonlinearity of cryptosystem. Through the integration of dual-mode and adjustable light response codes constructed by structural doping strategy, multidimensional high-level information encryption can be realized, which opens up a deep exploration in the field of information security for the application of multifunctional optical properties of light response materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米科技
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光学工程
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信息安全
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功能材料
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光子学
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智能材料
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DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS LETTERS
·
2025
·
IF 2.7
Yiyong Chen,Qianyi He,Yuyao Yang,Shaolin Lu
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are promising for optical encryption and anti-counterfeiting due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. However, conventional monochromatic photoluminescence systems are vulnerable to spectral decryption. This study proposes a universal strategy for synergistic anti-counterfeiting by fabricating (MTP) 2 MnBr 4 composites via solid-state melt processing. The controlled Mn 2+ doping (1–3 mol%) creates a dual-emission system with excitation-dependent colour modulation from green (520 nm) to red (620 nm) through selective activation pathways. The composites are processable into transparent bulk materials and printable inks, enabling multiscale anti-counterfeiting in currency, pharmaceuticals, and luxury packaging. This approach combines accessible materials with scalable protocols, offering a practical route for industrial security applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电子学
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纳米技术
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安全印刷
·
固体物理
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）