Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 15.7
Li Shanlin,Chen Yingyu,Wang Zhen,Wang Mengmeng,Guo Xianglin,Tang Xueqing,Wang Xiaoyu,Lai Wende,Tong Meiyun,Wang Changhong,Cong Shan,Geng Fengxia,Chen Yong,Zhao Zhigang
Electrochromic materials were discovered in the 1960s when scientists observed reversible changes between the light and dark states in WO 3 thin films under different voltages. Since then, researchers have identified various electrochromic material systems, including transition metal oxides, polymer materials, and small molecules. However, the electrochromic phenomenon has rarely been observed in non-metallic elemental substances. Herein, we propose the development of non-metallic iodine electrodeposition-based electrochromic dynamic windows using a water-in-salt electrolyte containing iodine ions. The unique electrolyte environment and solvation structure of the water-in-salt electrolyte suppress the dissolution and shuttle effect of iodine, thereby achieving a different reaction pathway compared to traditional electrolytes. This pathway involves a reversible solid-liquid transition between solid iodine and solvated iodide ions. The iodine electrodeposition-based electrochromic dynamic window demonstrates a high optical contrast of 76.0% with near colour neutrality and excellent cycling stability. A practical 400 cm 2 complementary dynamic window is fabricated to demonstrate good electrochromic performance, including high optical contrast, a near colour-neutral opaque state, fast response time, uniform modulation, and polarity-switchable functionality.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 137
·期 24
·48808
·
IF 2.188
Shuwei Cai,Haijun Niu
In this study, four novel triarylamine-based polyimides with different substituted groups (tert-butyl and -H) containing pyrrole moieties were successfully prepared by polycondensation reaction. The electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the polyimides were measured by cyclic voltammetry and spectro-electrochemistry. The polyimides exhibited obvious electrochromic behavior with good thermal stability (the 10% weight-loss temperatures were recorded in the range of 345-386°C), film-forming ability and reversible stability after 1000 s. The color of the polyimide films changed from colorless to light blue or yellow to blue on increasing the applied potential. The highest coloration efficiency reached up to 190 cm 2 C −1 . The polyimide films exhibited a stable response to the light (on or off) after 200 s. Especially, PyHBTPI displayed effective solubility, superior optical contrast (~30%) in the visible region, faster response time (1.19 s for coloring process), and obvious color change from yellow to blue with good stability, thus, confirming the potential use for high contrast displays. Overall, the study demonstrates the successful development of high-performance polyimides for electrochromic and optoelectronic behaviors. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48808.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
·
光学
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DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2013
·
IF 3.777
Shi-Ming Wang,Lin Liu,Wei-Lin Chen,En-Bo Wang
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a kind of metal oxide nanoclusters with excellent electrical properties, which have proved to be an excellent candidate for electrochromism (EC) materials. In this paper, we present a better performance POMs-based EC material on the TiO 2 substrate through adjusting the structure of the Well-Dawson type POMs with the electrodeposition method, which can overcome the high cost of the traditional methods such as vacuum evaporation or sputtering. The performance of the EC smart windows was fully tested. The maximum optical contrast for the K 10 [P 2 W 17 O 61 ]·20H 2 O (P 2 W 17 )-based EC smart window is 93.1% at the wavelength of 620 nm and for the K 6 [P 2 W 18 O 62 ]·14H 2 O (P 2 W 18 )-based EC smart window is 48.7% at 646 nm. The coloration time extracted for a 90% transmittance for the P 2 W 17 -based EC smart window is 0.9 s and for the P 2 W 18 -based smart window is 0.97 s; the coloration efficiency for the P 2 W 17 -based EC smart window is 205.3 cm 2 C −1 and the P 2 W 18 -based smart window is 176.8 cm 2 C −1 . Both of the P 2 W 17 - and P 2 W 18 -based EC smart windows have the feature of remarkable durability over 1000 cycles. The P 2 W 17 -based smart window has larger optical contrast and higher coloration efficiency than the P 2 W 18 -based smart window. More significantly, the near-infrared behavior of the P 2 W 17 under different applied potentials was recorded for the first time by using the smart window. We believe the performance of the P 2 W 17 -based smart window is the state-of-the-art among the POMs-based EC smart windows.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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能源与环境工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2019
·
IF 6.019
Jinming Zeng,Hui Li,Zhijun Wan,Lianghui Ai,Ping Liu,Wenji Deng
Poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (PVTPA) was synthesized, and cross-linked poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (PVTPA-CL n ) films with a thickness of 260 nm (CL1), 510 nm (CL2), and 680 nm (CL3) were prepared by electropolymerization . Using the PVTPA-CL2 and PVTPA-CL3 films as active materials, the electrochromic devices (ECDs) were fabricated. The structures of the devices were indium tin oxide (ITO) glass/gel electrolyte/PVTPA-CL2/ITO glass (ECD 1) and ITO glass/gel electrolyte/PVTPA-CL3/ITO glass (ECD 2). The electrochromic properties of the PVTPA, PVTPA-CL n films, and ECDs were investigated. Among them, the PVTPA-CL2 and PVTPA-CL3 films exhibited reversible color changes from colorless to gray-green and from colorless to black upon electrochemical doping and dedoping, respectively. The optical contrast of the PVTPA-CL2 and PVTPA-CL3 films were 81.0% and 84.3% at 750 nm, respectively. The ECD 1 could reversibly change between colorless and gray-green under different voltages, and it exhibited 78.3% optical contrast at 750 nm. Notably, ECD 2 could reversibly change between colorless and black under different voltages, and it exhibited 85.0% optical contrast at 750 nm. ECD 1 had shorter switching time than ECD 2, its coloring and bleaching times were 9.5 and 7.3 s, respectively. Both ECD 1 and ECD 2 exhibited reasonable electrochemical cyclic stability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2019
·Vol. 24
·期 2
·441-445
·
IF 2.531
Chen Xiaoming,Zhang Jingyan
A novel electrochromic polymer poly(2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine) (PEDOT-Me 2 ) based on 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with symmetric dimethyl pendant groups was successfully synthesized through electrochemical polymerization in 0.1 M LiClO 4 /ACN electrolyte. The polymer film displays reversible electrochromism switching between blue neutral state (− 1.2 V) and transmissive sky blue oxidized state (0.5 V) with an enhanced optical contrast (Δ T = 30%) in comparison with the traditional PEDOT (Δ T = 25%).
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2022
·
IF 7.336
Yongxiang Wang,Guocan Shen,Ting Tang,Jinming Zeng,Rizwan Ur Rehman Sagar,Xiaopeng Qi,Tongxiang Liang
Electrochromic capacitors are attracting a huge attention due to their dual functions in energy-saving and energy storage. Electrochromic and energy storage performance of the films could be effectively improved through regulating their physical phase and morphology. In the present work, the physical phase and morphology of the WO 3 nanofilms were regulated by doping RE ions (RE = Ce, Eu, Sm, Gd) using one-step hydrothermal technology. The three-dimensional (3D) urchin-like crystal WO 3 nanofilm would transfer into the 3D nest-like WO 3 (WO 3 -RE) nanofilms that consisted of crystal and amorphous phase by doping RE ions. Compared with the pure WO 3 nanofilm, the WO 3 -RE nanofilms exhibited higher optical contrast, faster switching speed, longer cyclic stability, and larger areal capacitance owing to faster ions transfer rate and more stable film structure. The optical contrast of WO 3 -Eu and WO 3 -Sm nanofilms were 76.3% and 73.8% at 633 nm, 75.5% and 74.6% at 900 nm wavelength, respectively. Notably, the WO 3 -Eu and WO 3 -Sm nanofilms could retain 99.6% and 99.1% of their original optical contrasts after 1000 cycles, respectively. Additionally, the areal capacitance of ECDs based on the WO 3 /PB, WO 3 -Ce/PB, WO 3 -Eu/PB, WO 3 -Sm/PB, and WO 3 -Gd/PB were 26.15, 49.27, 58.23, 71.46, and 79.52 mF/cm 2 at 0.3 mA/cm 2 , respectively. ECDs based on the WO 3 -RE/PB are promising for energy-saving and energy storage dual functional smart windows.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Electrochemical Science
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Shuang Chen,Qi Ji,Lingqian Kong,Xiuping Ju,Jinsheng Zhao
One novel electrochromic copolymer, poly(benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-benzoselenadiazole) (PBDTBS) was synthesized successfully by chemical polymerization. Afterwards, some characterizations were carried out, including electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, density functional theory(DFT) calculation, kinetics and thermal gravimetric analysis. When the copolymer is oxidized, it changes from greyish-green to darkgrey. The band gap of the copolymer calculated according to the onset wavelength of the optical absorption band is 1.55 eV. The optical contrast of the copolymer are 14.0 % at 450 nm, 9.0 % at 670 nm and 30.7 % at 1560 nm. The coloration efficiency are 60.61cm 2 ·C -1 at 450 nm, 84.60 cm 2 ·C -1 at 670 nm and 135.84cm 2 ·C -1 at 1560 nm. The decomposition temperature is 344 °С. It can be a candidate for the electrochromic application.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2020
·
IF 10.652
Jinming Zeng,Hui Yang,Chaofa Zhong,Karthikeyan Rajan,Rizwan Ur Rehman Sagar,Xiaopeng Qi,Yiqun Deng,Honghui Jiang,Ping Liu,Tongxiang Liang
Electrochromic materials are getting huge attention of recent research owing to their vast applications in the optoelectronic research field. Herein, poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (PVTPA) was chemically synthesized. The cross-linked poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (PVTPA-CL) film with a thickness of ~480 nm was prepared by electropolymerization process. The color complementary ambipolar electrochromic devices (ECDs) were fabricated using the PVTPA-CL films and ethyl viologen (EV) or tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) as electrochromic active materials. The structures of ECDs were indium tin oxide (ITO) glass/PVTPA-CL film/GE-1 (PMMA:LiClO 4 :ACN:PC:EV = 7:3:30:60:3.5, w / w )/ITO glass (ECD 3), ITO glass/PVTPA-CL film/GE-2 (PMMA:ACN:PC:EV = 7:30:60:3.5, w / w )/ITO glass (ECD 4), and ITO glass/PVTPA-CL film/GE-3 ((PMMA:LiClO 4 :ACN:PC = 7:3:30:60, w / w )/WO 3 /ITO glass (ECD 5). The electrochromic properties of ECDs were investigated. All the ECDs exhibited reversible color changes between colorless and black under different voltages. Furthermore, ECDs also exhibited high optical contrast in visible and near-infrared region; the optical contrast of ECD 3, ECD 4, and ECD 5 are greater than 62.9%, 61.2%, and 70.6% in the 430–800 nm range, respectively. Compared with ECD 3 and ECD 4, ECD 5 exhibited higher optical contrast in the near-infrared region and shorter switching time, and its coloring and bleaching times were 4.6 s and 3.0 s, respectively. Ambipolar color-complementary colorless-to-black electrochromic device (ECD 5) based on PVTPA-CL and WO 3 films is promising for electrochromic smart windows.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2018
·
IF 5.018
Jinming Zeng,Zhijun Wan,Hui Li,Ping Liu,Wenji Deng
A series of triphenylamine derivatives containing acceptor groups, including TPA-CHO, TPA-E2CN, TPA-2T-CHO, TPA-2T-E2CN, TPA-2EDOT-CHO, and TPA-2EDOT-E2CN, was synthesized, and their corresponding polymers were prepared. The polymer films exhibited reversible color changes upon electrochemical doping and dedoping. Among them, P(TPA-2T-CHO) and P(TPA-2EDOT-CHO) films showed reversible color changes from yellow to black and from green to blue, respectively. These polymer films had moderate optical contrasts in visible region and high optical contrasts in the near-infrared region. The optical contrasts of P(TPA-2T-CHO) and P(TPA-2EDOT-E2CN) films were 42.8% and 37.7% at 647 nm, and reached 81.8% and 75.6% at 1000 nm, respectively. Furthermore, these polymer films showed reasonable response times and redox stabilities upon electrochemical doping and dedoping.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Photoacoustics
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Rong Zhou,Liying Zhang,Beibei Li,Jingtao Xiao,Yiheng Xing,Chang Chen,Yuecheng Shen,Hao Shen,Deng Pan,Hongxing Xu
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) offers a non-invasive imaging method that overcomes the limitations of light scattering in biological tissues by visualizing optical contrast through the detection of photo-generated acoustic signals. While optical microscopy has significantly advanced through the exploration of optical evanescent waves, the potential of evanescent photoacoustic (PA) waves in PAM remains largely unexplored. In this work, we demonstrate the generation and detection of evanescent PA waves in PAM by positioning the sample near an interface, which directs these waves into the far-field beyond the supercritical angle (SA). These SA-PA signals exhibit distinct characteristics, including dependence of intensity on the source depths and symmetry in far-field angular patterns. Leveraging these features, we develop a proof-of-concept for supercritical angle photoacoustic microscopy (SA-PAM), which utilizes evanescent PA waves to enable new PAM functionalities, such as surface topography reconstruction and edge detection. This approach highlights the role of acoustic near-field exploration in advancing PA technology.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
成像技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SYNTHETIC METALS
·
2024
·
IF 4
Hailan Zeng,Ruomei Wu,Yanan Li,Haiyun Jiang,Xiang Wang,Weili Zhang,Ziyu Li,Jun Zhang,Zhengrong Yan
In this work, the copolymers were successfully synthesized by electrochemical polymerization of two monomers, bithiophene (BT) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), in a lithium perchlorate/propylene carbonate (LiClO 4 /PC) solution. The as-prepared were characterized with the aid of cyclic voltammetry, colorimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The electrochromic and colorimetric properties of copolymers poly(2,2′-bithiophene-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (P(BT-co-EDOT)) and homopolymer poly(2,2′-bithiophene) (PBT) in 0.1 M LiClO 4 /PC solution were investigated, and the coloring process based on the redox reaction of the film was observed. When an anodic potential is applied, the copolymer P(BT-co-EDOT) films show a color change from blue-purple to blue-gray changes, and the homopolymer PBT shows a color change from orange to brown. In addition, spectroelectrochemistry studies indicate that copolymer P(BT-co-EDOT) has a lower optical band gap (1.73–1.87 eV) than homopolymer PBT. The copolymers P(BT-co-EDOT) show a high optical contrast (36.65–42.62%) and coloration efficiency (215.8–296.6 cm 2 C −1 ). The copolymer P(BT1-co-EDOT1) demonstrates excellent redox cycling stability, with 90% of the original optical contrast maintained after 500 cycles, making it an ideal candidate for copolymers.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2024
·Vol. 17
·期 1
·69
·
IF 4.7
Xiang Wang,Haiyun Jiang,Muling Gan,Jun Zhang,Ruomei Wu,Weili Zhang,Ziyi Wang,Minxi Guo,Yangfan Mu
Pyrene (Pr) was used to improve the electrochemical and electrochromic properties of polythiophene copolymerized with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). The corresponding product, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-co-Pyrene) (P(EDOT-co-Pr)), was successfully synthesized by electrochemical polymerization with different monomer concentrations in propylene carbonate solution containing 0.1 M lithium perchlorate (LiClO4/PC (0.1 M)). The homopolymer and copolymer films were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), color-coordinate and colorimetric methods, cyclic voltammetry (CV), spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Homopolymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and the P(EDOT-co-Pr) copolymer were investigated, which included examining their colorimetric, electrochemical, and electrochromic characteristics. The color shifts resulting from redox reactions of the polymers were also observed. The copolymers with different monomer concentrations achieved multicolor shifts, such as light purple, dark blue, dark red, green, and earthy yellow. Moreover, P(EDOT-co-Pr) had a small optical bandgap (1.74–1.83 eV), excellent optical contrast (31.68–45.96%), and high coloring efficiency (350–507 cm2C−1). In particular, P(EDOT1-co-Pr3) exhibited outstanding cycling stability, retaining 91% of its initial optical contrast after cycling for 10,000 s, and it is expected to be a promising candidate copolymer for electrochromic applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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