Wastewater containing organic pollutants, such as emulsion, soluble organic sewage, oily seawater, and acid/alkali corrosive sewage, poses a grand challenge to the existing membrane separation technology for obtaining freshwater. Inspired by leaf structure, here we report a carbon felt/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solar-driven device to separate versatile oily wastewater. This evaporator exhibits superior full-spectrum solar energy absorption (88%) and steady vapor release capacity (1.3–1.4 kg m −2 h −1 ) under 1.0 sun irradiation. The carbon felt/PVA foam with strong underwater superoleophobicity cannot only achieve efficient separation of oil-in-water but also purify extra high oil/water ratio emulsion directly with high efficiency of 99.99%. It is noteworthy, for seawater-emulsion and water-soluble organic sewage, that the purification efficiency of carbon felt/PVA foam can exceed 99.86%. More importantly, strong acid and alkali water do not affect the operation of carbon felt/PVA foam. This work provides a feasible method to purify versatile wastewater in a harsh environment.
Xuechen Liang,Xinjie Zhang,Qichen Huang,Han Zhang,Changkun Liu,Yizhen Liu
Solar interfacial evaporation is a promising technology for the purification of seawater and polluted water using sustainable solar energy. An adjustable shape and internal-channel size of photothermal evaporation material are essential for regulating heat utilization and water supply rate to three-dimensional (3D) evaporation device. However, a simple method for the preparation process is rarely reported to date. Inspired by bread making, a straightforward fermentation method is applied to the preparation of adjustable porous hydrogel as photothermal evaporation materials. It only takes 40 min to ferment and three simple freeze-thawing cycles to construct the final hydrogel materials. A mold can be used to easily adjust the external shape of the fermentation porous hydrogels (FPHs). The internal-channel size of FPHs can be simply tuned by the fermentation time. The flexible porous structure endows FPHs with excellent photothermal evaporation capability and makes it easy to meet the requirements of water supply rates under the light intensity of different latitudes for water treatment.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）