Siyu Hou,Xiya Peng,Qin Yu,Shufang Gao,Lu Li,Jian Luo
Eutectogels have emerged as versatile materials for wearable electronics, optical sensors, and biomedical applications. This study introduced the first investigation of microenvironmental basicity in poly(vinyl alcohol)/choline chloride (PVA/ChCl) eutectogels using lumichrome as a fluorescent probe. The incorporation of ChCl was demonstrated to enhance the microbasicity of PVA films, as evidenced by the significant promotion of lumichrome deprotonation. In contrast, no deprotonation occurred in deep eutectic solvents ethaline [n(ChCl):n(ethylene glycol) = 1:2], glyceline [n(ChCl):n(glycerol) = 1:2], and ChCl–water mixtures [n(ChCl):n(H2O) = 1:3 and 1:4]. Therefore, the proton acceptor in PVA/ChCl eutectogels was bound water, the same as in PVA films. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments determined a decrease of water content in PVA films after ChCl incorporation, supporting the increased proportion of bound water in PVA/ChCl eutectogels. Our findings not only certified the enhanced microbasicity of bound water but also established a simple yet effective strategy to tune PVA films’ acid–base properties through ChCl loading.
Bacterial cellulose possesses excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength but lacks the bioactivity needed for many biomedical and healthcare applications. To address this limitation, we develop a metabolic glycoengineering–click chemistry strategy that enables in situ incorporation of azide groups into bacterial cellulose, followed by mild and selective conjugation of alkyne-bearing functional molecules. This approach avoids harsh chemical treatments, preserves the native properties of bacterial cellulose, and supports stable attachment of diverse bioactive agents, including antibacterial porphyrins, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptides, and recombinant proteins with fluorescent or enzymatic functions. As a proof-of-concept, a cascade catalytic system comprising glucose oxidase and superoxide dismutase is immobilized onto azide-modified bacterial cellulose, yielding a multifunctional wound dressing designed to address hyperglycemia and oxidative stress—key barriers to chronic wound healing. In male diabetic mice, this glucose oxidase/superoxide dismutase-integrated bacterial cellulose dressing (low endotoxin <0.1 EU/mL) accelerates wound closure to 92.1% by day 14, significantly outperforming the controls. Our strategy highlights a scalable and bio-orthogonal route for enhancing bacterial cellulose with user-defined bioactivities, thereby expanding its utility in advanced biomaterials development. Bacterial cellulose (BC) possesses excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength but lacks the bioactivity needed for many biomedical applications. Here the authors use glycoengineering–click chemistry to incorporate azide groups into BC in situ, and show enhanced BC-mediated wound healing.
Flavin mononucleotides (FMNs) and flavin adenine nucleotide (FAD) play vital roles in the electron-transfer processes in diverse enzymatic reactions. Owing to the isoalloxazine chromophore, flavins are easily detectable by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a surface-sensitive technique. However, the details of the adsorption of flavins on SERS-active materials have never been investigated. In this study, a comprehensive SERS analysis of flavins containing lumichrome and lumiflavin on silver nanoparticles was conducted. With the aid of density-functional-theory calculations, our results suggested that the flavin molecules were adsorbed on the silver nanoparticles via the N3site of the isoalloxazine moiety, which had a stronger adsorption ability than the adenine moiety in the FAD. The SERS spectra of the flavins at different pH values also supported this conclusion. This study demonstrated the feasibility of SERS for the structural characterization of flavins, paving the way for the functional exploration of flavin-labeled detection sensors and flavoprotein researches.Keywords:flavin;riboflavin;flavin mononucleotide;flavin adenine nucleotide;isoalloxazine;surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy;DFT;adenine;adenosine triphosphate
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