BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2016
·
IF 4.917
Leichang Cao,Cheng Zhang,Shilai Hao,Gang Luo,Shicheng Zhang,Jianmin Chen
This study examined the effect of glycerol used as a co-solvent on yields of bio-oil derived from rice straw through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The reaction was conducted in a high-pressure batch reactor with different volume ratios of glycerol to water. The quality of the derived bio-oil was analyzed in terms of its elemental composition, heating value, water content, ash content, and acid number. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were conducted to analyze the chemical composition of the derived bio-oils. The following optimal conditions were obtained: 1:1 vol ratio of glycerol to water with 5 wt% of Na 2 CO 3 at 260 °C for 1 h. Under these conditions, 50.31 wt% of bio-oil and 26.65 wt% of solid residue were produced. Therefore, glycerol can be used as a co-solvent in HTL of rice straw at moderate temperatures to obtain bio-oil with high yield and quality.
研究领域:
能源植物学
·
可再生能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2021
·
IF 6.609
Xin Yu,Lincai Peng,Jun Dai,Hui Li,Chaonan Tao,Fa Yang,Junhua Zhang
Conversion of carbohydrates at concentrated feeds represents highly desirable for the industrial deployment of biobased fuels and chemicals but challenging. One key bottleneck is that the excessive formation of polymeric humins greatly diminishes the utilization rate of feedstocks and the destination product yield. We report that the use of ethylene glycol as co-solvent for acid-catalyzed conversion of concentrated sugars enhances desirable alkyl levulinate (AL) production compared to reactions carried out in single monohydric alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol). Ethylene glycol served not only as a solubilizer of sugars in the reaction medium to lessen their tendency to polymerize by protecting reactive hydroxyl groups in sugars with alcohols, but also as a supporter to restrain the condensation of furan intermediates. With 10 vol% ethylene glycol as the co-solvent of ethanol, an improved yield of ethyl levulinate (EL) from 45% to 56% was accomplished from concentrated feeds of glucose (200 g/L). In particular, high space time yield and EL concentration respectively up to 30 kg/m 3 ·h and 90 g/L were obtained in a batch reactor. The solvents and catalyst could be isolated from the products, and showed good reusability. This contribution opens a reliable avenue for converting highly concentrated feeds of biomass-related sugars to oxygenated liquid fuels and versatile chemicals.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
可再生资源与环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2022
·
IF 3.119
Guangyu Xu,Fanyuan Zhang,Zhenghui Li
The equilibrium solubility of teflubenzuron in solvent mixtures of methanol (1) + water (2), ethanol (1) + water (2), propylene glycol (1, PG) + water (2), and N,N-dimethylformamide (1, DMF) + water (2) was determined experimentally by an isothermal dissolution equilibrium method within the temperature ranging from 278.15 to 323.15 K under an atmospheric pressure of 101.1 kPa. The solubility of teflubenzuron increased monotonously with the increase in mass fraction of methanol, ethanol, PG, and DMF and temperature. At the same temperature and mass fraction of methanol (ethanol, PG, and DMF), the mole fraction solubility of teflubenzuron is greater in DMF + water than in the other three solvent mixtures. Besides, the solubility of teflubenzuron was correlated with three models. The obtained average relative deviation (RAD) is lower than 0.41% for correlative studies. It is noteworthy that the solubility data presented in this work contributes to expansion of the physicochemical information about the solubility of drugs in binary solvent mixtures and also allows the thermodynamic analysis of the respective dissolution.
研究领域:
药物化学
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物理化学
·
热力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 39
·期 10
·2801-2807
·
IF 6
Mengdi Zhang,Xiaofeng Lei,Yang Lv,Xizheng Liu,Yi Ding
Main observation and conclusion The application of lithium-ion batteries in cold climates has been hindered due to the decline in performance at low temperatures. The increased de-solvation energy and formation of Li dendrites at the anode surface emerge as the major challenges, which rely on the development of stable anode and compatible electrolytes. Herein, a self-healing GaInSn liquid metal (LM) based electrode coupled with a multi-solvent electrolyte is proposed toward reversible Li-storage at low temperatures. By using methyl butyrate (MB) as a co-solvent in 1 mol·L –1 LiTFSI of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, the electrolyte viscosity decreases from 52.07 to 13.75 mPa·s, while the ionic conductivity increases from 1.38 to 3.44 mS·cm –1 at –20 °C. Moreover, the Li/MXene@LM cells can display a discharge capacity of 500 mAh·g –1 , with capacity retention of 78% at –20 °C after 120 cycles. It is disclosed that a uniform LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on the anode is formed upon the addition of MB, which promotes the desolvation of Li ions at the interface of electrode/electrolyte especially at low temperatures. These results prove that MB as the co-solvent is well compatible with LM based anodes and holds great potential for the exploration of low-temperature energy devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Jingwen Tang,Chengling Bai,Xiaoyi Huang,Jiang Yuan,Shuili Yu,Li'an Hou
Co-solvent-assisted interfacial polymerization is commonly used to enhance the characteristics of polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) membranes. However, its application to PIP-TMC systems is less frequent, and there is limited understanding regarding the role of co-solvents. In this article, we selected N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), 1-butanol, acetonitrile (ACN), and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) with similar solubility parameters to modulate the PIP-TMC IP process. The introduction of co-solvents can enhance the mutual solubility between aqueous and organic phases, which promotes the PIP diffusion rate and contributes to high-performance NF membranes characterized by smaller pore sizes. Notably, membranes prepared with DMAc demonstrated enhanced retention of divalent ions (MgCl 2 : from 41 % to 83.4 %) and maintained high permeability (46.6Lm −2 h −1 at 0.3 MPa), whereas excessive co-solvents could damage the performance. Additionally, Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the co-solvent regulates PIP diffusion rate with its diffusion rate by hydrogen bonding with the PIP molecules and moving together with PIP. Significant variations in the PIP diffusion rate resulted in a wrinkled morphology on the membrane surface. This study offers fresh insights into the selection of co-solvents for co-solvent-assisted TFC NF membrane preparation, presenting a straightforward, facile, and commercially viable approach for achieving high-performance NF membranes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 6
·1035
·
IF 4.324
Xiang Nie,Guo Li,Zhao Jiang,Wei Li,Ting Ouyang,Jianfeng Wang
Exfoliation of two-dimensional boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) from parent bulk material has been receiving intensive attention because of its fascinating physical properties. Liquid exfoliation is a simple, scalable approach to produce single-layer or few-layer BNNS. In this paper, water/propanol co-solvent exfoliation of bulk boron nitride under the assistance of sonication was investigated in detail. Special attention was paid on the effect of raw bulk boron nitride size and co-solvent composition. The results show that sonication of small-size hexagonal boron nitride tends to generate large nanosheets, due to a predominant solvent wedge effect. In addition, it is found that the composition of water/propanol co-solvent has an important effect on exfoliation efficiency. Interestingly, although two isomers of 1-propanol (NPA) and 2-propanol (IPA) have the same molecular weight and similar surface tension, their aqueous solutions allow the formation of boron nitride nanosheets dispersion with markedly different concentrations. It is proposed that due to their spatial configuration difference, NPA with its longer molecular chain and fewer hydrophobic methyl group tends to form dynamic water-NPA clusters with larger size than water-IPA clusters. The hydrodynamic radius of the co-solvent “clusters” was calculated to be 0.72 nm for water/NPA system and 0.44 nm for water/IPA system at their maximum, respectively. Their size changes, represented by two curves, indicate a strong “cluster size” effect on exfoliation efficiency. Our work provides an insight into co-solvent exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride and emphasizes the importance of co-solvent cluster size in exfoliation efficiency.Keywords:liquid phase exfoliation;boron nitride nanosheets;co-solvent cluster;size effect
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
·
2019
·
IF 2.29
Wentian Li,Hu Lin,Nan Song,Gaoquan Chen,Xinbao Li,Hongkun Zhao
Solubilities of gimeracil (form P) in aqueous co-solvent mixtures of isopropanol, N,N -dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated via the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method at (283.15–328.15) K under ambient pressure p = 101.2 kPa. Experimental solubility was increased with increasing temperature and mass fraction of each co-solvent. The largest solubility was found in neat co-solvents. The solids equilibrated with liquid phase were characterized by X -ray power diffraction, indicating no polymorphic transformation, solvate formation or crystal transition according to the spectral data. The Jouyban-Acree model was adopted to correlate the obtained solubility. The highest RAD and RMSD values were, respectively, 2.61 × 10 −2 and 14.96 × 10 −4 . Quantitative values for the local mole fraction of DMF (EG, DMSO or isopropanol) and water around gimeracil (form P) were acquired by using the Inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals method. The preferential solvation parameters for isopropanol were positive in the isopropanol mixtures in intermediate and isopropanol-rich compositions, which indicated that gimeracil (form P) was preferentially solvated by isopropanol. Gimeracil (form P) could act mainly as a Lewis acid interacting with proton-acceptor functional group of isopropanol. Within the same region, gimeracil (form P) was not preferentially solvated by DMF, EG and DMSO. Furthermore, the method of linear solvation energy relationships was performed with a suitable combination of solvent polarity descriptors to explain the nature of intermolecular interactions resulting in the solubility variation in the co-solvent mixtures.
研究领域:
药学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2012
·
IF 2.721
Wenjun Fang,Dongbei Shao,Xiaoxing Lu,Yongsheng Guo,Li Xu
A total of 10 new N-alkyl piperazinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have been prepared, and they are used as extractants for removing aromatics from three kinds of hydrocarbon fuels. A total of 3 ILs, N-methyl piperazinium lactate (MPL), N-ethyl piperazinium lactate (EPL), and N-ethyl piperazinium propionate (EPP), in the liquid state at room temperature are used directly for extraction, while the other 7 ILs in the solid state at room temperature are used with methanol as the co-solvent. Effects on the extraction efficiency of the temperature and the amounts of IL and co-solvent are investigated. The results indicate that the amounts of IL and co-solvent play very important roles in the extraction process and the efficiency is greatly influenced by the cation and anion structures in the N-alkyl piperazinium-based ILs. In comparison to 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium lactate (TMGL), the extraction capability order is EPP > EPL > MPL > TMGL. The ILs with aromatic anions are found to have better extraction capability than the others. Furthermore, recycling of ILs reflects that these ILs can be recovered simply by vacuum distillation without a significant decrease in the activity of dearomatization.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
·
2014
·
IF 2.241
Ai-Guo Zeng,Xin-Li Pang,Na Wu,Duan Wang,Guan-Jun Nan,Guang-De Yang,Xiao-Li Bian
The solubility of daidzein in propylene glycol + water cosolvent mixtures was determined by UV spectrophotometry, and predicted using the Jouyban–Acree model and the mathematical model based on the algebraic rule of mixing. The thermodynamic functions, such as Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution and of mixing and so on, were obtained from these solubility data by using the van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations. The results show that the daidzein solubility increases as propylene glycol proportion increases in the mixtures and the solution temperature increases. The Jouyban–Acree model can be used to predict the solubility of daidzein in propylene glycol + water cosolvent mixtures at different temperatures. The driving mechanism for daidzein solubility in water-rich mixtures is the entropy, probably due to water-structure loss around the drug non-polar moieties by effect of propylene glycol, whereas the driving mechanism is the enthalpy above 0.20 mass fraction of propylene glycol, probably due to daidzein solvation increase by the cosolvent molecules. Non linear enthalpy–entropy compensation with negative slope from water up to 0.20 mass fraction of propylene glycol and positive slope beyond this composition up to pure propylene glycol is found.
研究领域:
药学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 8.4
Xiaojuan Wang,Hanjing Xue,Houkang Pu,Huacheng Xu,Yijun Huang,Xinyan Wang,Congjie Gao,Xueli Gao
The cosolvent-assisted interfacial polymerization (CAIP) has garnered significant attention due to its capacity to easily and effectively modify the performance of polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. To gain deeper understanding of the mechanism of a specific type of cosolvents on the IP reaction, namely N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and N,N-dimethylpropionamide (DMPr) were used as aqueous-phase cosolvents to systematically investigate their effects on the membrane structures and properties under different conditions. Amide cosolvents in the aqueous phase facilitated the diffusion of the amine monomer and the formation of nanovoids within the PA layer as the C-chain length of amides increased. When 1,2-dichloroethane was also included in the organic phase, the extent of the two-phase miscible zone was further increased with its assistance, which contributed to generating the larger nanovoids within the layer, thicker PA layer and extensive exterior PA layers, as well as significantly enhancing the water permeability and selectivity of membranes. Importantly, this study successfully prepared high-performance RO membranes with multilayer nanovoid structures in situ by introducing cosolvents in the IP reaction with permeability up to 2.26 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 , providing theoretical and experimental bases for further enrichment of CAIP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Siru He,Huimin Yuan,Peide Zhu,Xingzhu Wang,Baomin Xu
Enhancing the energy output of batteries in low temperatures is critical to broadening the application areas of advanced electronic devices, which can be accomplished by utilizing high-voltage cathodes to match lithium metal anode, optimizing electrolyte electrochemical windows and forming stable solid electrolyte interphases to provide facile ion-transmission kinetics at low temperature. Herein, we demonstrate a fluorinated ester co-solvent electrolyte, which applies 1 M LiPF 6 in an ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro butyrate/fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) (4/1 by volume ratio) that jointly satisfies high voltage cathode and lithium metal anode reversibility at required ambient. The performance of the battery is due to the rapid dissociation of Li + and the formation of a fluorine-rich inorganic electrolyte interface in the fluorinated solvent. Therefore, the fluorinated ester co-solvent electrolyte system can provide 209.9 mAh g −1 , 194.8 mAh g −1 , and 175.5 mAh g −1 when discharged at room temperature, −20 ℃ and −40 ℃, respectively, those far exceeds the performance of carbonate electrolytes. This work advances the development of low-temperature lithium metal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
·
2020
·
IF 4.845
Di Zhang,Dan Ye,Panpan Jing,Xiao Tan,Lixia Qiu,Tingting Li,Liyan Shen,Ying Sun,Hongbao Hou,Yunshu Zhang,Qingping Tian
Microemulsion is the preferred vehicle for local anesthetics ; however, the toxicity and irritation associated with a quantity use of surfactants (S) and co-surfactants (CS), i.e., medium- or short-chain alcohols, restrict its commercial application. In this study, efforts have been made to enlarge the CS-free microemulsion area by mixing olive oil (OL) with α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), and by using vitamin E succinate (VES) as an auxiliary oil. Through Box-Behnken design and the optimization of nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II, the optimal microemulsion formulation (M E0 ) with a large steady-state simultaneous permeation rate ( J s ) and skin retention was screened as 3.23% OL, 0.45% ALA , 1.81% LA, 0.91% VES, 13.60% S, 5% lidocaine and water. Three percent ethanol was screened as a permeability enhancer for the hydrogel of M E0 , which showed a statistical increase in J s and skin retention through the abdominal skin of guinea pigs. The optimized formulation had desirable characterization, good stability and negligible irritation. The large J s and skin retention were well reflected in the pinprick test, wherein intensity of anesthetic effect and duration of action were increased significantly over the commercial cream. The developed CS-free microemulsion hydrogel with low S could be a promising strategy for the topical delivery of lidocaine.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
药物递送系统
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）