The amorphous solid dispersions of telmisartan salts were prepared by cogrinding, in presence of alkalizers and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPk30). Five alkalizers in this study were MgO, Na2CO3, K2CO3, NaHCO3 and meglumine. In soft mode using a roll mill, the drug could not form salt with MgO or NaHCO3, whereas partial drug had been transformed into salt with carbonates or meglumine. Under cogrinding, the organic base meglumine was easier to react with telmisartan than other two carbonates. For getting good dissolution performance, the drug had to be transformed into salt completely. A high intensity oscillating mill was applied for producing telmisartan meglumine salt. Multi-instrumental characterizations attested the formation of amorphous salt by high mechanical process, involving dissolution test, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffractometry. It was evident that solid dispersions of telmisartan meglumine salt significantly increased the drug dissolution rate in intestinal fluid.
Jie Ren,Zhewen Zhang,Zikang Chen,Li Wan,Kaixiang Shi,Xiaoyuan Zeng,Junhao Li,Quanbing Liu
In the field of new-energy systems, the use of spent lithium-ion batteries is being rationalized as a prospective industry. However, with the progress of technology, the exploration of strategies that are efficient, green, and energy-saving has become the major issue for recycling batteries. Recently, the mechanochemical activation (MCA) process has been proposed as a method for reducing leaching time and temperature, further tackling the excessive usage of corrosive chemical agents in hydrometallurgical techniques. Herein, we present a co-grinding agent of spent LiCoO2 (S-LCO) and Na2SO3 (reduction properties) to facilitate the physical and chemical transformations of the S-LCO, thereby enhancing the leaching process. MCA can refine particle size, enhance its hydrophilicity, induce lattice distortion and refine lattice structure, and thereby the surface energy and surface negative charge are increased, further improving the reaction activity of S-LCO. Meanwhile, Na2SO3 promotes the isomorphic substitution between Na+ and Li+ and reduces Co3+ to Co2+. Because of this superiority, this novel MCA shortens leaching time and reduces leaching temperature, as well as improves leaching efficiency and reduces the use of acidic solvents. Practically, the cell with regenerated LiCoO2 exhibits excellent cycling performance and rate capability (a high capacity retention of 84.54% after 120 cycles at 0.2 C), which sheds some light on the interface process engineering of a co-grinding agent for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries.
Achieving both excellent flame retardancy and high mechanical performance is essential for the potential application of composite films in industrial application. However, designing and fabricating film materials that produce a feasible balance between the aforementioned features presents a daunting challenge. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, phosphorylated lignocellulosic nanofibrils (P L CNF) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were well integrated into a densified large/small graphene oxide-based network using a simple evaporation-induced self-assembly method. Benefiting from the incorporation of hydrogen bonding (P L CNF and APP) and nano-reinforcement (P L CNF), the mechanical and structural reliability of the interconnected networks gain a discernible improvement. Correspondingly, the optimized films exhibits markedly improved mechanical performance (i.e., tensile strength of 269.4 MPa, elongation at break of 7.92%, and toughness of 11.17 MJ⸱m -3 , ∼2.0, 1.8 and 7.3 times surpass those of the virgin one) and good structural stability in aqueous solutions with different pH value and different reagents. Additionally, the resultant films demonstrated exceptional flame resistance attributed to the synergistic effect of P L CNF (phosphorous-containing group and lignin molecules) and APP (phosphorous- and nitrogen-containing group), as evidenced by their structural integrity after repeated exposure to a high-temperature flame. The key parameters for micro-scale combustion calorimetry testing, i.e., peak heat release rate and total heat release, dramatically decreased, and the corresponding value was lowered to 12.8 W⸱g⁻¹ and 0.40 kJ⸱g⁻¹, respectively. The reinforcing and flame-retardant mechanisms were elucidated through an analysis of structural evolution and performance variation. The strategy developed in this study offers a novel approach for the design and development of advanced film materials for fireproof coatings.
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