Xinglin Luo,Congwei Wang,Kun Zhang,Rongyu Li,Gang Li
The widely applicable gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) hold significant promise for the commercialization of low-temperature flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitors (FQSCs). However, their flexibility and electrochemical performance are compromised under extreme cold conditions, severely limiting their practical applications. Inspired by the novel effects of “pore-form agents (PFA)”in hydrogel-controlled drug release & delivery, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel electrolytes with optimized internal porosity (polymeric structure) were prepared by introducing PFA as pore-regulator and in-situ leaching process, hereby enhancing the hydrogel's electrical conductivity and low-temperature performance. Furthermore, in order to further enhance its low-temperature tolerance, the composition of the electrolyte was adjusted via binary solvent replacement method. FQSCs composed of PVA-PFA30-EG exhibited significantly improved high specific capacitances of 131.72 F g −1 at 25 °C and 72.90 F g −1 at −40 °C when tested at 1 A g −1 , with only a 6.36 % capacitance decay after 10,000 cycles at −40 °C. This performance surpasses that of most previously reported low-temperature FQSCs. The novel approach proposed in this paper provides a new avenue for flexible energy storage devices in extremely cold conditions.
Ionic liquids (ILs) were selected and applied to investigate the best coal desulfurization through orthogonal tests. FTIR, XPS, SEM and contact angle tests were used to characterize the effect on the physical and chemical structures in coal for revealing the coal desulfurization mechanism by ILs-H 2 O 2 system. The orthogonal test results showed that reaction temperature and reaction time were the main influencing factors for the desulfurization rates of coal in the ILs-H 2 O 2 system, and the ILs synergy could effectively improve the desulfurization rates of H 2 O 2 . The maximum coal desulfurization rates of [BMIM][HSO 4 ], [BMIM][OTF], and [BMIM][BF 4 ] ionic liquids were 30.7%, 30%, and 33.2%, respectively. The results indicated that the alkyl groups in coal were oxidized and the contents of oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl increased. Coal surface underwent swelling, the internal pores increased and new pores and cracks were generated. The wettability of coal improved substantially. In addition, the physical structures changes in coal facilitated the contact between the extractant and the sulfur-containing structures. The contents of thiols and sulfides in coal significantly decreased and were oxidized to sulfoxides and sulfones, with some further oxidized to soluble sulfites or sulfates. Thus achieving removal from coal.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）