Xuejie Du,Xinqiao Zhan,Xueting Gu,Xinyi Liu,Bizeng Mao
The shoot apical meristem culture has been used widely to produce virus-free plantlets which have the advantages of strong disease resistance, high yield, and prosperous growth potential. However, this virus-free plant will be naturally reinfected in the field. The physiological and metabolic responses in the reinfected plant are still unknown. The flower of chrysanthemum ‘Hangju’ is a traditional medicine which is unique to China. In this study, we found that the virus-free ‘Hangju’ (VFH) was reinfected with chrysanthemum virus B/R in the field. However, the reinfected VFH (RVFH) exhibited an increased yield and medicinal components compared with virus-infected ‘Hangju’ (VIH). Comparative analysis of transcriptomes was performed to explore the molecular response mechanisms of the RVFH to CVB infection. A total of 6223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the RVFH vs. the VIH. KEGG enrichment and physiological analyses indicated that treatment with the virus-free technology significantly mitigated the plants’ lipid and galactose metabolic stress responses in the RVFH. Furthermore, GO enrichment showed that plant viral diseases affected salicylic acid (SA)-related processes in the RVFH. Specifically, we found that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes played a major role in defense-related SA biosynthesis in ‘Hangju’. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant virus–host interactions and have implications for developing strategies to improve plant resistance against viruses.
Zhipeng Sun,Yilin Ding,Zetao Wang,Huitong Luo,Qi Feng,Xiaodong Cao
Bacterial infection and the resulting inflammatory cascade are key factors hindering diabetic ulcers healing. The essential prerequisites for promoting diabetic ulcer healing are to sequentially achieve rapid sterilization, prevent reinfection, and modulate the inflammatory response. Inspired by the size-dependent sequential toxin release behavior of “Malaysian exploding ant”, we develop a ROS-responsive “exploding hydrogel” (E-gel) with size-dependent sequential release effects, which sequentially performs photothermal sterilization, persistent antibacterial activity, and immune regulation. Specially, polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG, P) and mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles loaded with α-lipoic acid (α-LA@MPDA NPs, LD) were encapsulated into sulfhydryl-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) through disulfide bonds to form a PLD/E-gel. The high temperatures generated by the photothermal effects of MPDA can kill over 90 % of bacteria within 10 min. During the swelling period of PLD/E-gel, PHMG diffuses out and effectively prevents the wound from re-infection. Along with the degradation of PLD/E-gel, submicron-sized α-LA@MPDA NPs are released from the cross-linked network to scavenge excessive ROS and modulate the inflammatory cascade. Animal experiments shows that PLD/E-gel accelerates the healing of infected diabetic wounds in SD rats by rapidly killing bacteria, inhibiting bacterial recolonization, relieving wound inflammation, and facilitating collagen deposition. To sum up, PLD/E-gel has a great application potential for diabetic wound healing.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）