Natural Product Communications
·
2023
·
IF 1.8
Wenjia Li,Qinggui Lei,Wenqing Li,Guoying Tan,Xingzhong Liu,Zhengming Qian
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of 4 nucleosides by one reference compound in Chinese cordyceps was developed. The sample of Chinese cordyceps was prepared by ultrasonic extraction with a 0.5% phosphoric acid aqueous solution. The separation of the sample was performed on a CORTECS T3 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) by gradient elution with acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The wavelengths were set as 258 nm (0-5 min), 252 nm (5-9.1 min), 258 nm (9.1-10.5 min), 249 nm (10.5-20 min) at which 4 nucleosides exhibited identical ultraviolet absorption. The accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and stability tests of the HPLC method were carried out, and the results indicated that the established HPLC method was suitable for the quantitative analysis of 4 nucleosides in Chinese cordyceps. This approach was compared to the traditional external standard method with 4 nucleoside reference compounds and the relative standard errors of the content determination results by the 2 methods were less than 3.5%. The HPLC method developed for quantitative measurement of 4 nucleosides in Chinese cordyceps is simple, lower cost, and time-saving, which provides a methodology alternative for quality control of Chinese cordyceps.
研究领域:
分析化学
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药学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines
·
2021
·
IF 3
Zheng-Ming QIAN,Zi WU,Qi HUANG,Chuan-Xi WANG,Guo-Yin TAN,Wen-Jia LI,Wan-Yang SUN,Gen-Pin LV,Hao GAO
An eco-friendly and fast HPLC method was developed for the determination of adenosine, inosine, guanosine and uridine in Cordyceps and related products (fermented mycelia of Hirsutella sinensis and Paecilomyces hepiali ). The sample was ultrasonically extracted using 0.5% phosphoric acid solutions for 2.5 min. Sample separation was performed on a Poroshell SB-Aq column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) using eco-friendly mobile phase consisting of formic acid and ammonium formate aqueous solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min −1 . The detection wavelength was 260 nm. The developed HPLC method showed good linearity with correlation coefficients of 1.0000 in the test range. Good precision, repeatability and stability of this method were also observed (RSD ≤ 2.81%). The recovery ranged from 91.84%−105.19% (RSD ≤ 2.59%). Compared with reported methods, the current method did not use harmful organic solvent and took only 10.5 min. It obtained a high eco-score of 91 by the “Analytical Eco-Scale” tool. The developed method is eco-friendly and fast, which is suitable for the quality evaluation of Cordyceps and related products.
研究领域:
药学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2022
·
IF 5.545
Liu Qian-Bao,Lu Jing-Guang,Jiang Zhi-Hong,Zhang Wei,Li Wen-Jia,Qian Zheng-Ming,Bai Li-Ping
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is a sensitive surface analytical technology, which can simultaneously acquire diverse chemical components and their precise locations on the surfaces of samples without any requirements for chemical damage pretreatments or additional matrices. Commonly, the quality control of TCMs (traditional Chinese medicines) is limited by the qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the specifically extractive constituents. In this study, a practical sample preparation strategy named two-layered media embedding sample preparation was developed to obtain ideal freezing sections of dried materials of Cordyceps sinensis. Meanwhile, the well-established sample preparation method was applied for in situ chemical profiling and imaging of natural (NCS) and cultured Cordyceps sinensis (CCS) by using TOF-SIMS. More than 200 components were tentatively identified and imaged in NCS and CCS at the same time. Mass spectrometry imaging revealed that most components have even distributions in caterpillars of Cordyceps sinensis, while TAGs, DAGs, MAGs, and FAs only have distributions outside caterpillars’ digestive chambers. This is the first time that components were in situ imaged for Cordyceps sinensis to exhibit the chemical distributions which have never been achieved by other analytical techniques so far. In addition, chemometrics was used to simplify and explain the massive TOF-SIMS mass data sets, which revealed the high chemical similarity between CCS and NCS. Furthermore, the relative quantification of TOF-SIMS data showed that CCS has comparable proportions of amino acids, nucleosides, monosaccharides, sphingolipids, sterols and other principles to NCS except for fatty acids, glycerides and glycerophospholipids. The higher amounts of TAGs and DAGs in CCS were confirmed by quantitative 1H-NMR, indicating reliable relative quantification of TOF-SIMS. In general, our research developed a novel approach of TOF-SIMS for in situ chemical analysis of TCMs, and its successful application in comparative study of CCS and NCS suggested that TOF-SIMS is an advanced and promising analytical technology for the research of TCMs.
研究领域:
分析化学
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中药学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2020
·
IF 3.69
Hailin Long,Xuehong Qiu,Li Cao,Guiqing Liu,Zhongchen Rao,Richou Han
Ethnopharmacological relevance The Chinese cordyceps, a parasitic Thitarodes insect- Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungus complex in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines and health food for ameliorating conditions associated with aging and for treating fatigue, night sweats, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, respiratory, renal and liver diseases, and hyposexuality. The natural Chinese cordyceps resource is rare due to its harsh growing environment, limited geographical distribution and global climate warming. Artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps has been successfully established to meet its high demand in market. Aims of the study The present study aims to evaluate the toxicological safety of the cultivated Chinese cordyceps and provide scientific data for subsequent development and utilization of this valuable biological resource. Materials and methods The Chinese cordyceps was cultivated by mimicking the habitat environment in low-altitude areas and identified by morphological and microscopic characteristics. Its phytochemical profile was determined by the HPLC. Toxicological studies based on the cultivated Chinese cordyceps were conducted, including chromosomal aberration test of Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, Ames test, acute toxicity test and micronucleus (MN) test of bone marrow cells. Results The Chinese cordyceps successfully cultivated in low-altitude areas exhibited the same morphological and microscopic characteristics as natural Chinese cordyceps. The adenosine content was in accordance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition). The HPLC fingerprint was determined and five main chromatographic peaks representing uracil, uridine, inosine, guanosine and adenosine were identified. No dose-dependent increase in the rates of chromosomal aberration was detected in the presence or absence of metabolic activation system. Ames test also demonstrated no dose-dependent increase in the number of reversion mutation for five bacterial strains, with or without rat liver microsomal enzyme mixture (S9) metabolic activation, at a quantity range of 128–5000 μg cultivated Chinese cordyceps per plate. The acute toxicity test with mice showed that after 20 g/kg oral administration of cultivated Chinese cordyceps, neither animal death nor any abnormal change in general dissection of various tissues and organs of the animals were found within 14 days. The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) was greater than 5 g/kg, which is regarded as a non-toxic level, and maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of cultivated Chinese cordyceps in ICR mice was more than 20 g/kg. MN test of mouse bone marrow cells indicated no significant differences among each sample dose and the negative control. Conclusion Based on the results from four toxicological tests, it was concluded that the cultivated Chinese cordyceps was classified as non-toxic in one single administration at high doses by intragastric route in mice. This study provides scientific experimental basis for its safety.
研究领域:
药理学
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毒理学
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传统中药研究
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Yan-Xia Li,Zhong-Fei Zhang,Yu-Meng Wu,Le Shi,Hui-Xian Shen,Navindra P. Seeram,Hang Ma,Yong-Ming Lu
Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera ) is a well-known medicinal plant, with polysaccharides recognized as key bioactive constituents. In this study, we isolated a neutral polysaccharide, AP-1, from ashwagandha roots and elucidated its structure. AP-1 has a molecular weight of 9.21 kDa and is primarily composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 0.1:1.5:1. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that AP-1's backbone consists of 1,4-α-Glc p and 1,3-α-Gal p , with branching at the C-6 of 1,4,6-α-Glc p and C-4 of 1,3,4-α-Gal p positions. The immunostimulatory activity of AP-1 was evaluated in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. AP-1 significantly enhanced macrophage immune responses, promoted M1-type polarization, and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway. It increased the production and mRNAs expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide, oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins-1β and -6, and upregulated the M1 surface biomarker CD86. These findings highlight the potential of AP-1 as a promising bioactive ingredient for functional foods targeting immune enhancement.
研究领域:
药用植物学
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免疫学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Chinese Herbal Medicines
·
2014
·
IF 0
Wen-qing Li,Wen-jia Li,Zheng-ming Qian,Shi-lin Chen,Li Xiang
Objective To develop a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of six polar compounds in Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Methods A poroshell SB Aq column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) and gradient elution were used; The detection wavelength of compounds was set at 260 nm. The chromatographic peaks of the six investigated compounds in sample were identified by comparing their retention times with reference compounds. Results All calibration curves showed good linearity ( r > 0.999) within the tested ranges. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the six analytes were less than 0.8% and 2.1%, respectively, and the recoveries of the six analytes were between 95% and 103%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of six polar compounds in O. sinensis samples. Conclusion The poroshell SB Aq column is suitable for the rapid analysis of polar components in Chinese materia medica on conventional HPLC system and the developed HPLC method is also helpful to the quality control of O. sinensis .
研究领域:
中药学
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
Insects
·
2021
·Vol. 12
·期 8
·666
·
IF 2.769
Rui Tang,Xue-Hong Qiu,Li Cao,Hai-Lin Long,Ri-Chou Han
Simple SummaryThe caterpillar fungusO. sinensisis a historical ethnopharmacological commodity in China. The recent die-off of its wild population has raised the urgent task of ensuring the natural conservation of both the fungus and its host speciesThitarodes. During the last decade, artificial cultivation of the caterpillar fungus has been established to supplement its declining natural colony. However, it is crucial to determine the nutritional background of the artificially reared cordyceps complex and its related products, i.e., mycelia and fruiting bodies reared on media. The current study aims to determine the comprehensive metabolic profiles of 17 treatments from 3 groups, includingO. sinensisfungus,Thitarodesinsect and cordyceps complex. We found that the metabolomics ofO. sinensis-related products were mainly determined by the fruiting bodies rather than the culture methods. Our results suggest that artificially cultured fruiting bodies and cordyceps may have indistinguishable metabolite compositions as the natural ones. These results are highly intriguing in many aspects, from understanding the infection mechanism of caterpillar fungus, to commercial applications of caterpillar fungi quality authentication. It provides insights into the development of better alternatives for wild cordyceps and serves the future biological conservation of the fungal/insect species.AbstractCordyceps, a parasitic complex of the fungusOphiocordyceps sinensis(Berk.) (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) and the ghost mothThitarodes(Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), is a historical ethnopharmacological commodity in China. Recently, artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps has been established to supplement the dwindling natural resources. However, much is unknown between the natural and cultivated products in terms of nutritional aspect, which may provide essential information for quality evaluation. The current study aims to determine the metabolic profiles of 17 treatments from 3 sample groups includingO. sinensisfungus,Thitarodesinsect and cordyceps complex, using Gas Chromatography - Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. A total of 98 metabolites were detected, with 90 of them varying in concentrations among groups. The tested groups could be separated, except that fungal fruiting body was clustered into the same group as Chinese cordyceps. The main distinguishing factors for the groups studied were the 24 metabolites involved in numerous different metabolic pathways. In conclusion, metabolomics ofO. sinensisand its related products were determined mainly by the fruiting bodies other than culture methods. Our results suggest that artificially cultured fruiting bodies and cordyceps may share indistinguishable metabolic functions as the natural ones.Keywords:caterpillar fungus;Ophiocordyceps sinensis;Thitarodes;metabolites;GC-QTOFMS
研究领域:
真菌学
·
代谢组学
·
药用植物研究
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Fen Wang,Junfeng Fan,Yabin An,Guoliang Meng,Bingyu Ji,Yi Li,Caihong Dong
Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS) is a unique and precious medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, growing underground for the majority of its lifecycle. The mineral composition of OS is a distinctive feature, yet there is currently a lack of comprehensive mineral profiles. The concerns regarding excessive heavy metals and associated health risks significantly impact the development of the OS industry. Furthermore, OS samples from various production areas exhibit distinct qualities, resulting in significant price differences. Mineral profiles hold great potential for origin tracing. Consequently, there is an urgent need for quality evaluation, health risk assessment, and geographic origin tracing of OS by mineral element analysis. Here, 96 OS samples were collected from the representative producing areas in China to investigate their mineral profiles by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Potassium (K) was found to be the most abundant mineral in the OS samples, with a mean content of 10.73 g/kg. High levels of phosphor (P), sulfur (S) and magnesium (Mg) were also detected with concentrations exceeding 1 g/kg. The mean concentrations of total arsenic in all OS samples were determined to be 8.33 mg/kg. The OS from Nagqu exhibited a relatively high quality with lower levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic. Health risk assessment based on the total target hazard quotient (THQ) value of heavy metals of Zn, Mn, Fe, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), Pb and Cd indicated that consumption of OS from China did not pose an obvious risk to human health at the ingestion rate declared by the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Finally, three orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were constructed using 75 samples to trace the geographic origins. These models successfully authenticated OS samples from six producing areas and confirmed by 21 blind test samples with 90.48 % accuracy. These results affirmed that OS from different regions possessed distinct metal profiles, which could be utilized to authenticate the geographic origins of O. sinensis .
研究领域:
药用真菌学
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环境科学
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公共健康
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers in Pharmacology
·
2022
·
IF 5.988
Guo Shan,Lin Manting,Xie Di,Zhang Wenqing,Zhang Mi,Zhou Li,Li Sheng,Hu Hankun
Cordyceps is a genus of ascomycete fungi and used widely in fungal drugs. However, in-depth studies of the metabolites of wild Cordyceps species and their substituents are lacking. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics analysis was carried out to comprehensively profile the metabolites in wild Chinese Cordyceps species (Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones and Spatafora 2007) from Naqu (NCs) and Yushu (YCs) and their substituents including artificially cultivated Cordyceps species (CCs) and mycelia. A total of 901 metabolites were identified in these samples, including lipids, amino acids, nucleosides, carbohydrates, organic acids, coenzymes, vitamins, alkaloids and their derivatives. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed remarkable differences and significantly different metabolites among them. Seventy amino acid-relevant metabolites were analyzed quantitatively in four samples for the first time. The four samples contained abundant L-glutamic acid and oxidized glutathione as well as multiple unique amino acid-relevant metabolites (e.g., 3-chloro-L-tyrosine, 6-aminocaproic acid, L-theanine, anserine, γ-glutamyl-cysteine). Collectively, our study provides rich metabolic information of wild Cordyceps species and their substituents, which could facilitate their quality control and optimal utilization.
研究领域:
药理学
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代谢组学
·
真菌学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2024
·
IF 4
Chai Wenmin,Mao Xianbing,Li Chunfeng,Zhu Liancai,He Zongyi,Wang Bochu
Introduction: Parasites can facilitate their own spread and reproduction by manipulating insect hosts behavior, as seen in the interaction between Thitarodes xiaojinensis and Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Infection by O. sinensis leads to the mummification of T. xiaojinensis larvae, but the underlying mechanisms remain mysterious.Methods: The morphology of O. sinensis infected larvae and fungal growth were first observed. Subsequently, the metabolite changes in the larvae before and after infection with the fungus were analyzed by LC/MS and targeted metabolomics. The expression of mannitol-related genes was detected using RT-qPCR, and morphological changes in larvae were observed after injection of different concentrations of mannitol into the O. sinensis-infected larvae.Results: Significant changes were found in phenotype, fungal morphology in hemocoel, larval hardness, and mannitol metabolites in infected, mummified 0 h larvae and larvae 5 days after mummification behavior. Surprisingly, the occurrence of mummification behavior was accompanied by fungal dimorphism, as well as the absence of mannitol in both infected and non-infected larvae, until the initial accumulation of mannitol and the expression of mannitol-associated genes occurred at the time of mummification behavior. The presence of mannitol may promote fungal dimorphism to mediate changes in fungal toxicity or resistance, leading to the end of the fungus-insect coexistence period and the incidence of mummification behavior. Furthermore, mannitol injections increase the mummification rate of the infected larvae without significant difference from the normal mummification phenotype.Discussion: This finding suggests the importance of mannitol in the mummification of host larvae infected with O. sinensis.
研究领域:
微生物学
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昆虫学
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真菌病理学
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代谢组学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis
·
2024
·Vol. 20
·期 8
·907-919
·
IF 0.7
Wenhao Wang,Qinggui Lei,Chuanxi Wang,Qi Huang,Zhengming Qian
IntroductionCordyceps sinensis, a renowned traditional Chinese medicinal substance, contains pharmacologically beneficial compounds, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), necessitating efficient analytical methods for quality assessment. This study aims to develop a rapid, cost-effective, and eco-friendly liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for GABA quantification in Cordyceps sinensis and its related species. The objective is to enhance the quality control standards within the Cordyceps sinensis industry and for those of its related species.MethodsThe study innovated a swift analytical procedure. Optimal conditions were determined through systematic evaluations of extraction solvents, durations, and chromatographic settings, prioritizing speed and solvent minimization.ResultsThe proposed LC–MS/MS method achieved precise quantification of GABA in a reduced time frame and significantly lowered solvent consumption, enhancing method efficiency by 22-fold compared to reported LC methods. The method exhibited robustness and scored the highest blue applicability grade index score, underscoring its suitability for academic and industrial applicaition.ConclusionThe validated LC–MS/MS approach offers a sustainable avenue for the rapid and accurate measurement of GABA in Cordyceps sinensis and its related species, improving the quality control process and ensuring product authenticity. This method stands out as a model for green analytical chemistry, propelling forward the eco-friendly analytical evaluation of health-related compounds.
研究领域:
中药学
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分析化学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.6
Zhongxu Sun,Zeyang Li,Qingping Wu,Huiying Huang,Yuanting Tang,Zimeng Wang,Qiao Ding,Hua Wei,Yu Ding,Zhenjun Zhu
Selenium (Se) enrichment changes the nutritional composition and secondary metabolites of Cordyceps militaris (CM), but its effect on the fermentation process of CM is still unclear. This research revealed the effects of Se enrichment on the nutritional and metabolic characteristics of Cordyceps militaris juice (CMJ) fermented by Lactobacillus DZ001 (API). The results indicated that Se enrichment significantly enhanced the growth and metabolic activity of API. Furthermore, Se enrichment showed a higher initial carbohydrate content and significantly increased the total peptide content in CMJ, while it reduced the degradation of polyphenols and ascorbic acid, indicating that Se mediated the antioxidant protection. In addition, the amino acid and fatty acid contents increased significantly, but the compositional diversity did not change. Untargeted metabolomics further revealed Se-induced upregulation of differential metabolites, which were related to pathways such as ascorbic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. Volatile metabolomics showed that Se enrichment considerably increased the content of terpenes, alcohols and esters in flavor metabolites, and significantly improved flavor diversity. Sensory evaluation confirmed that Se enrichment can improve the sensory properties of fermented CMJ. These results highlight the role of Se in improving nutritional components and enhancing flavor, making Se-CMJ a promising nutritional flavored beverage.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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营养学
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生物化学
·
生物技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）