CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY
·
2025
·
IF 1.5
Huihui Qiao,Jiayu Fang,Xuexiang Wang,Chenlong Wei
Given the scarcity of rhenium resources, recovering rhenium from waste materials represents a strategically viable solution. This review focuses on three novel aspects in the field of rhenium recovery. It integrates pyrometallurgical (KOH-K₂CO₃ molten salt), hydrometallurgical (solvent extraction/ion exchange), and electrochemical (NaOH electrolysis) methods into a unified ‘temperature-medium-electrochemical potential’ framework, proposing oxidative volatilisation with three-zone tube furnace fractionation for W-Mo-Re alloys. The study evaluates AI sorting, task-specific ionic liquids, and microwave-synthesised nano-resins, demonstrating their capacity to boost recovery rates from 40% to 92% for low-grade rhenium (<2 ppm). Additionally, it quantifies carbon footprint reductions through secondary resource recovery, establishing a circularity-clean energy correlation model that redefines strategic metal management. Case studies on Pt-Re catalyst regeneration and aerospace alloy recycling validate co-extraction solutions for multicomponent systems.
研究领域:
冶金工程
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环境科学与工程
·
材料循环利用
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清洁能源技术
·
战略金属管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 8.4
Qiyuan Zheng,Zuoying Cao,Shengxi Wu,Qinggang Li,Mingyu Wang,Wenjuan Guan,Guiqing Zhang
Direct extraction of Ni(II) from Fe(III), Al(III), Ca(II), Mg(II), and Mn(II) is a bottleneck issue in the hydrometallurgy processes of laterite-nickel ore, spent batteries, and other secondary sources. One of the biggest challenges in achieving direct extraction of Ni(II) is the lack of stable and efficient extractants. Hence, a novel bipyridine extractant MSL211 was designed and synthesized in this paper. With its strong steric resistance and electrostatic interaction, MSL211 can form a stable eight-membered chelating ring with Ni(II), thereby having a high bonding ability toward Ni(II). Therefore, based on the high bonding ability of MSL211 toward Ni(II) and the low extraction capacity of DNNSA for Fe(III), an efficient synergistic extraction system of DNNSA-MSL211 was proposed. The synergistic extraction system of DNNSA-MSL211 realizes direct extraction of Ni(II) from Fe(III), Al(III), Ca(II), Mg(II), and Mn(II) without neutralization, precipitation, and solid/liquid separation processes, which are inevitable but problematic processes in the current hydrometallurgy processes for removing Fe(III), Al(III), and Mn(II). The effects of the molar ratios of DNNSA:MSL211, shaking time, temperature, O/A ratios, and equilibrium pH on the extraction behavior of Ni(II) were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the extraction efficiency of Ni(II) was as high as 97.62%, and the separation coefficient of Ni(II) over all impurities was greater than 400. To elucidate the mechanism of the high selectivity of DNNSA-MSL211 toward Ni(II), DFT calculations were carried out to calculate the binding energy (ΔE) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG(ext)) of the extraction process. Furthermore, this paper investigated the entire ″extraction-stripping″ process, demonstrating that the synergistic extraction system of DNNSA-MSL211 avoids neutralization, precipitation, and solid/liquid separation processes, minimizes hazardous waste generation, and shortens process flow while meeting the objectives of sustainable and clean production.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Rui Qin,Ji Chen,Yan Bai
NdFeB waste serves not only as a crucial resource for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) but also as an underutilized source of gallium (Ga). In this work, to simultaneously extract REEs and Ga from NdFeB waste, an efficient and novel method was developed, which involved the process of leaching, reduction, solvent extraction, precipitation, and calcination. Initially, the Pr, Nd, and Ga were co-leached with 5 mol/L HCl and liquid-solid ratio (mL/g) of 5:1 at 90 °C for 150 min, resulting in the leaching rate of Pr, Nd, and Ga were 98 %, 99 %, and 98 %, respectively. Secondly, to mitigate the interference of Fe (III) on the extraction process, Fe (III) was reduced to Fe (II) completely using Fe powder for 10 min, given that the excess iron powder factor was 1.2. Then, the tributyl phosphate (TBP) was chosen as the extractant for Ga due to its high selectivity. Under the optimal conditions, three-stage counter-current extraction achieved an extraction efficiency of 99 % for Ga, with the addition of 10 % isodecanol to eliminate the third phase. The gallium was completely stripped by water at a phase ratio (O/A) of 2:1. Subsequently, di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid was selected as the Pr and Nd extractant because of its high separation ability between REEs and Fe (II). The extraction efficiency of Pr and Nd achieved more than 99 % through three-stage counter-current extraction and the entire stripping of Pr and Nd was realized by 1.8 mol/L HCl. Additionally, a significant amount of Fe (II) in the raffinate was treated via adding oxalic acid to obtain FeC 2 O 4 ⋅ 2H 2 O. Finally, the Ga 2 O 3 and Nd 2 O 3 (PrO 2 ) were prepared from the stripping solution. According to the whole process, the yield of Ga, Pr, and Nd was 93.4 %, 97 %, and 98 %, with the purity of Ga 2 O 3 and Nd 2 O 3 (PrO 2 ) being 98.6 % and 98.4 %, respectively. The results suggested that the stepwise recovery of REEs and Ga from NdFeB waste can be achieved.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
·
资源回收
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2017
·
IF 5.951
Bo Niu,Zhenyang Chen,Zhenming Xu
The demand for tantalum (Ta) is rapidly increasing due to the manufacture of Ta capacitors (TCs) for electronic devices. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and conservation of rare metal Ta, recycling of Ta from waste TCs (WTCs) is becoming a hot topic in current society. In this study, an efficient and environmentally friendly process for recycling Ta from WTCs by chloride metallurgy (CM) is proposed. In the CM process, the nontoxic FeCl2 is chosen as the chlorination agent. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that Ta can selectively react with FeCl2, and the generated TaCl5 can be easily separated and then condensed in the condensation zone. The recovery of Ta can reach 93.56% under the optimal chlorination parameters as follows: heating temperature of 500 °C, FeCl2 addition amount of 50%, holding time for 2 h, and particle size of Ta-rich powder less than 0.24 mm. Moreover, the kinetic mechanism is discussed, and the rate-controlling step in the chlorination reaction of Ta is determined by mixed control. No hazardous gas and liquid waste is produced during the whole process. Therefore, this study presents an environmentally friendly and promising method for the cyclic regeneration of rare metal Ta from WTCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Engineering Materials
·
2022
·
IF 0
Baoguo Zhang,Haoyu Zhang,Bing Ai,Kefeng Pan,Weimin Zhang,Degang Li,Lipeng Zhang,Zhongning Shi
Due to the wide range of potential applications of metallic Li and other active metals, the development of simple and cost-effective electrochemical methods for extracting these metals from their salts is greatly important. Accordingly, herein, an electrochemical solvometallurgy technology pathway is proposed to realize the recovery of metallic Li at room temperature. A low-cost aprotic polar molecular liquid, dimethylformamide (DMF), was selected for electrowinning of Li with abundant LiCl as the raw material. Subsequently, the electrolyte structure of the optimized binary DMF/LiCl system (0.7 M LiCl) was analyzed using 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. Electrochemical reaction mechanisms were elucidated through cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrometry. Finally, the Li coating was successfully obtained using potentiostatic deposition on a high-purity In substrate in the form of nanoalloy sheets. To realize the transformation of electrodeposited materials from the “thin film” to the “bulk”, a continuous, direct smelting electrodeposited film short-process technique was proposed to achieve recovery of stable metallic Li in the form of a bulk Li–In intermediate alloy. This low-energy, low-carbon, and sustainable strategy can be applied for the low-temperature electrochemical recovery of reactive (Li, Mg, Al, and Ti) and rare-earth metals.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
Carbon Neutralization
·
2024
·
IF 0
Hua-Wei Guo,Ya-Jun Wang,Huan Liu,Ya-Nan Zeng,Wei-Jie Wang,Tian-Ji Liu,Le-Le Kang,Rui Ji,Yi-Tong Wang,Jun-Guo Li,Zhen Fang
Metallurgical slag such as solid waste generated in the steel industry carries environmental pollution risks, but it is rich in nutrients required by microalgae. Metallurgical slag used for carbon capture and biomass energy conversion has multiple benefits: (i) reduction and harmless treatment of metallurgical solid waste, (ii) assisting in carbon neutrality by efficient carbon fixation, and (iii) production of biodiesel from CO 2 . In this study, AOD, BOF, BFS, HVS, and VTS slag were applied to culture Chlorella pyrenoidosa ( C. pyrenoidosa ) with the regulation of growth, carbon fixation, and lipid synthesis. An excellent fixed amount of CO 2 with 94.59 mg is obtained from C. pyrenoidosa biomass at BOF slag added (mass ratio of CO 2 captured/microalgae/slag with 1.99/1.00/10.53) since high Ca/Mg mass ratio of 419 (8.38 mg/L Ca and 0.02 mg/L Mg), no Cr and low concentration of Al (0.04 mg/L) contribute to regulating antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and POD) to resist ROS and improving PEPC activity to reduce carbon flux toward lipid to promote biomass synthesis. Both metal concentrations from Ca (5.86 mg/L), Mg (0.05 mg/L), Al (0.42 mg/L), and Cr (0.006 mg/L) and suitable pH (10.53) in AOD leaching solution at solid/liquid ratio of 0.5 g/L change carbon flow toward efficient lipid synthesis (47.07 wt%) by continuously providing raw materials and energy by regulating ACC, ME, and PEPC activities. High value-added biodiesel with high concentrations of C16 and C18 methyl esters from lipid of C. pyrenoidosa is achieved, following other ecological and economic benefits including 197 mg CO 2 captured and 2198 mg AOD applied with harmless. In this study, C. pyrenoidosa is cultured with elements from metallurgical slag solid waste, which promotes C. pyrenoidosa efficient carbon fixation to assist in carbon neutrality, and provides guidance for CO 2 conversion to high-value-added products with low cost.
研究领域:
环境科学
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能源工程
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生物技术
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
JOM
·
2015
·Vol. 68
·期 9
·2371-2380
·
IF 1.757
Lai Huixian,Huang Liuqing,Lu Chenghao,Fang Ming,Ma Wenhui,Xing Pengfei,Li Jintang,Luo Xuetao
Boron removal from metallurgical-grade silicon by Li 2 O-SiO 2 slag refining under an air atmosphere was experimentally investigated to explore the potential of this method for achieving high boron removal. The boron concentration in the refined silicon was studied under different conditions of holding time, slag composition, and mass ratio of slag to silicon. The boron concentration in metallurgical-grade silicon was successfully reduced from 8.6 ppmw to 0.4 ppmw after slag refining for 0.5 h at 1973 K when the mass ratio of the 60 wt.% Li 2 O-40 wt.% SiO 2 slag to metallurgical-grade silicon was 3. It was proposed that the addition of CaF 2 decreased the activity of silica, which brings about a negative effect on the boron removal capacity of Li 2 O-SiO 2 slags. Moreover, the reaction mechanism and kinetics of boron removal were further studied. Analysis of the boron concentration in the resulting slag after refining revealed that the primary boron removal approach was that a large amount of boron was oxidized and then volatilized to the atmosphere in the form of gaseous borates. Based on the two-film theory, the total mass transfer coefficient of boron was determined to be 2.3 × 10 −2 μ m/s.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
·
2024
·Vol. 76
·期 7
·3492-3503
·
IF 2.1
Wang Yaohuan,Zhang Fengxia,Hu Jianhang,Yang Shiliang,Liu Huili,Wang Hua
The recovery of valuable metals from copper slag (CS) is an effective way to realize its resource utilization. However, the use of fossil reductants in the reduction process can result in large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, a low-carbon method for recovering valuable metals from CS using castor oil as a green reductant is proposed in this study. The reduction behavior of CS is investigated through thermodynamic calculations, reduction experiments and thermogravimetric analysis. Under optimal experimental conditions, the recovery ratios of Fe and Cu reach 98.75% and 99.24%. The formed crude concentrate contains 94.27 wt.% Fe, 0.82 wt.% Cu and 0.042 wt.% S, which can partially replace the raw material in the production of weathering steel. Meanwhile, the waste residue produced can be used as the base material for glass-ceramics. The reduction characteristics of castor oil, CS and CaO blends are investigated based on thermogravimetric analysis, and the entire reduction process is divided into five stages. The activation energy of the reduction process is calculated using two iso-conversion methods, KAS and FWO. The reaction models for two reduction stages (stage IV and stage V) are determined using the Coats-Redfern method. The reaction model changes significantly with increasing temperature, shifting from a limiting surface reaction (R2) to a chemical reaction (C3). This study provides new insights into the resource utilization of CS and the development of low-carbon metallurgical technology.
研究领域:
冶金工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Metals
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 12
·1378
·
IF 2.6
Jiansong Zhang,Yuzhu Zhang,Yue Long,Chen Tian,Peipei Du,Qianqian Ren
Steel metallurgical dust, characterized by a substantial output, minute particle size, and intricate composition, poses a considerable risk of environmental contamination while simultaneously embodying an exceptionally high potential for recycling. To achieve its resource utilization, chemical analysis, particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and water leaching methods were employed to investigate the chemical compositions, particle size distributions, phase compositions, and microscopic morphologies of blast furnace bag dust, sintering dust, converter fine dust, and electric arc furnace dust from steel plants. The results indicate that the four types of dust have extremely fine particle sizes, with the main distribution range of particle size being less than 100 μm. The main constituent element is Fe (19–56%), and it also contains Zn (1.4–33.5%), Pb, K, C, and other valuable elements. Alkali metals in blast furnace bag dust and sintering machine head dust existed mainly in the form of chloride. The zinc phases in sintering machine head dust and converter fine dust were ZnFe2O4, and the zinc phases in blast furnace bag dust were ZnCl2and ZnFe2O4. Zinc in electric furnace dust was composed of ZnO and ZnFe2O4, accounting for 70.31% and 23.12%, respectively. There are significant differences in the types and contents of valuable elements among various dusts, making it difficult to achieve full-scale recovery through a single process. In view of this, a process of “in-plant recycling of harmless dusts—collaborative treatment of harmful dusts” has been proposed. Based on the characteristics of metallurgical dusts, multiple processes are used for collaborative treatment (using hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods), which can not only directly recover iron resources from dusts within the plant, but also avoid the waste of valuable elements such as Zn, Pb, K, Na, etc. It is hoped that the above work can provide a reference for steel enterprises to achieve full-scale and high value-added treatment of metallurgical dusts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2015
·
IF 1.933
Huixian Lai,Liuqing Huang,Chenghao Lu,Ming Fang,Wenhui Ma,Pengfei Xing,Jintang Li,Xuetao Luo
To explore the potential of acid leaching in purifying metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si) for solar cell applications, the effect of silicon microstructure on its leaching behavior was systematically investigated in the present work by a combination of alloying refining with acid etching. The microstructure evolution of silicon was revealed before and after acid etching with different lixiviants. Calcium-containing precipitates were found in MG-Si after alloying with calcium. The etching results showed that the leaching behavior of impurity inclusions strongly depended on the composition of the major impurities. HCl + HF mixture was an effective lixiviant for dissolving impurity inclusions in both MG-Si and its alloy with calcium. The impurity removal efficiency of acid leaching of MG-Si was efficiently improved after alloying. Moreover, the kinetics of acid leaching of MG-Si after alloying with calcium was further discussed based on cracking shrinking model.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Discover Nano
·
2025
·Vol. 20
·期 1
·1-17
·
IF 4.5
Li Jigang,Zhao Panchao,Yi Wei
This work shows a detailed investigation on the purification and densification of Ir target from Ir sponge by hydrometallurgy (exchange resin + extraction + chemical precipitation) combined with powder metallurgy (spray drying + pyrolysis + hot press sintering). The detailed influences of refining techniques on each impurity element and content in the Ir purified system are investigated. The controlling mechanisms of Ir particles in spray drying-pyrolysis processing are studied. The densified evolution of Ir particles during hot press sintering is revealed. After the purified treatment, high-purity Ir precursor [(NH 4 ) 2 IrCl 6 ] was achieved. The synthesized Ir particles are spherical, and the average size is about 5 μm. The purity and density of as-sintered Ir target was 99.999 wt% and 99.16%, respectively. This technological integration broke through the limitations of traditional single methods, creating a new path for the preparation of iridium powder. Moreover, atomization drying technology was applied to this research for the first time. The synergy of these technologies significantly improved the preparation efficiency and the stability of product quality. The prepared products could be used as high–reliability contact and electrode materials in the electronic information field, enhancing the performance and service life of equipment. It should be noted that the purified and densified technologies could be used to synthesize other targets of high-purity and high-density requirements.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
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无机化学
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化学工程
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Chenguang Guo,Xingyu Li,Lin Zhang,Yuan Shi,Peng Zhang,Zichen Wei,En Mei,Zhongyou Que,Mingli Qin,Xuanhui Qu
Ultrafine-grained (UFG) VNbMoTaW refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA), reinforced with carbide particles, was prepared through a novel powder metallurgy route. Initially, pre-alloyed RHEA powder, characterized by body-centered cubic (BCC) phase, ∼88 nm particle size and good dispersity, was fabricated via a wet-chemical (WC) method. The high quality of the nano powder enabled low-temperature sintering with suppressed grain growth. Subsequently, a dense UFG VNbMoTaW RHEA bulk sample was fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). It provided uniform microstructure with 99 % theoretical density and ∼320 nm grain size. The residual carbon from powder facilitated the precipitation of carbide phases in the sintering process. These carbide precipitates were identified by a high-entropy characteristic, ∼180 nm particle size and a volume fraction of 8.3 %, serving as effective reinforcing agents for the RHEA matrix. Benefiting from the high configurational entropy, ultrafine grain size, and precipitate phase, the bulk RHEA exhibited excellent mechanical properties in terms of a high hardness of 10.9 GPa and a compressive strength of 4.2 GPa with an acceptable strain of 10.7 %. We expect such a powder metallurgy route should also be applicable to other systems of RHEAs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）