Coating antireflection film on the surface of glass cover is one of the important methods to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. Sol-gel method is suitable for low cost and large area preparation of antireflection film. However, most of antireflective films prepared with sol-gel have not enough good mechanical properties , and their applications are restricted. A porous antireflection film was prepared with sol-gel, where the polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG) was used as the porogen . The effects of the mPEG additive amount were investigated on the microstructure and properties of the film. The results showed that the transmittance of the film (the coated glass) first increases and then decreases with the increase of the amount of mPEG. When the amount of mPEG is 0.6 g, the average transmittance of the film in the wavelength range of 380–1100 nm is the highest, higher than that of glass substrate by 4.2 percentage points. The adhesion of the film reaches grade 0 and the hardness is greater than 9H. The efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells could be increased from 11.65% to 12.04%, by a relative increase of 3.35%
The anti-reflective film is one of the important and economical ways to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. To enhance the weatherability of sol-gel derived SiO 2 antireflection films, a hybrid silicon source system consisting of isobutyl triethoxysilane (IBTS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was employed for fabricating porous anti-reflection coatings via dip-coating, using polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG) as the pore-forming agent. This study systematically investigated the influence of IBTS concentration on the film’s structural and optical properties. The results revealed a non-monotonic dependence of both film porosity and optical transmittance on IBTS content, with optimal performance achieved at intermediate concentrations. When the amount of IBTS was 6 ml, the film’s average transmittance within 380–1100 nm wavelength range reached the maximum 93.61%, 4.4 percentage points higher than that of the glass substrate. Moreover, the film’s adhesion strength reached grade 0, and its hardness was greater than 9 H. When the coated glass was used as the cover instead of the substrate glass, the efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells improved from 11.64% to 12.26%, a relative increase of 4.93%. The film’s hardness and adhesion strength changed little after 100 h of UV lamp irradiation, while the average transmittance in the range of 380–1100 nm decreased with 0.45 percentage points. After immersion in hydrochloric acid solution for 80 h, the film hardness decreased to 8H, and the adhesion strength decreased to grade 1, while the transmittance increased with the increase of immersion time. When the immersion time reached 100 h, the film’s transmittance increased 0.81%. Graphical
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