Polymers
·
2020
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·955
·
IF 3.426
Hongzhong Tan,Jincheng Mao,Wenlong Zhang,Bo Yang,Xiaojiang Yang,Yang Zhang,Chong Lin,Jianfa Feng,Hao Zhang
Three kinds of drag reducer were synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization and named PHWAM-1, PHWAM-2, and PHWAM-3. Drag reduction (DR) tests showed that the three drag reducers have different DR characteristics in fresh water and various saline waters because of their different types of hydrophobic monomers. PHWAM-1, without hydrophobic monomers, performs better in fresh water, while PHWAM-2 and PHWAM-3, with hydrophobic monomers, perform better in brine. In addition, PHWAM-3, which has twin-tailed hydrophobic monomers, performs best in high-concentration brine. Measurements of micro-particle size and observations of spatial structure suggest that although the stronger hydrophobic polymer has no DR advantage over a linear polymer in fresh water, the molecular chains form a mutually associative supporting structure that improves the DR performance over that of a linear polymer in high-concentration brine.Keywords:hydrophobic associating polymer;drag reducer;salt tolerance
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 1.9
Qianqian Lv,Chuanshuo Wang,Xiaoxuan Xu,Xiaofang Lv,Wen Xia,Jinru Shang,Aokai Qin,Qianli Ma,Yang Liu,Shidong Zhou,Jimiao Duan
Drag reducers have become a common method for reducing resistance and increasing transportation efficiency in pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil. The prominent heat transfer weakening effect of drag reducers may impact the deposition of waxy oil. This study uses cold finger experiments to clarify wax deposition characteristics and mechanisms in drag-reduced waxy oil. The wax deposition mass and components are examined under different temperatures, stirring rates, drag reducer dosages, and types. The results show that a low dosage of drag reducer at high stirring rates can simultaneously reduce the total wax deposition and the overall wax content in high waxy oil. 5 mg/kg drag reducer can reduce total wax deposition by up to 15.66% and overall wax content by 7.26%. A systematic investigation reveals that adding drag reducers changes the carbon number distribution in the wax deposition layer. This change is similar to the effect of increasing wall temperature. The heat insulation and transfer weakening effects of drag-reducing fluids are likely the main mechanisms inhibiting the increase in wax deposition mass and wax content. The heat insulation effect reduces the temperature gradient near the pipe wall, while the transfer weakening effect decreases radial heat transfer. However, under low stirring rates and high dosages, the deposition mass of the drag-reduced waxy oil system increases, with the adhesive effect of polymer-type drag reducers becoming more pronounced. These findings provide a foundation for optimizing drag reducer usage in waxy crude oil pipelines, potentially leading to significant energy savings and improved operational efficiency.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
化学工程
·
流体力学
·
传热学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Ziteng Yang,Mingwei Zhao,Weiyu Bi,Yunlong Cheng,Zhenfeng Ma,Kaiwen Liu,Ying Li,Caili Dai
Slickwater has been extensively utilised in deep reservoir fracturing owing to its excellent drag reduction performance, and the polymer drag reducer is the core of slickwater. However, polymer drag reducers may degrade at high temperatures, which limits the application of slickwater in high temperature reservoirs. To increase the temperature resistance of slickwater, a novel temperature-resistant polymer drag reducer was chemically synthesised through free-radical polymerisation using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid (AMPS) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). The introduction of temperature-resistant monomers substantially increased the thermal stability of the drag reducer. The rheological measurements revealed that the aqueous polymer solution was a pseudoplastic fluid with good viscoelasticity and thickening properties. At 110 °C, the drag reduction rate of 0.03 wt% polymer aqueous solution could reach 72.57 %, and the drag reduction retention rate was 96.69 % when compared with that at 25 °C. The drag reduction performance was evaluated in relation to displacement, concentration, temperature, pipe diameter, and salinity. Simultaneously, the proportion of factors influencing the drag reduction performance was analysed. Finally, a drag reduction mechanism was proposed. This study is expected to extend the application of slickwater in high-temperature reservoir development.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Mingwei Zhao,Xiaowei Yan,Ruoqin Yan,Shichun Liu,Xuguang Song,Caili Dai
With abundant reserves and huge exploitation potential, shale oil is the focus of exploration and development. Slickwater fracturing fluid is widely used in shale oil reservoir reconstruction because of its low viscosity and strong ability to create fractures. Drag-reducing agent is the core of slickwater fracturing fluid. There are some problems such as poor solubility, long dissolution time and serious pollution in the existing slickwater drag-reducing agents. Therefore, a novel water-in-water (W/W) polymer drag-reducing agent is synthesized by dispersion polymerization . The state, drag reduction and solubility performance of the synthetic polymer drag-reducing agent are taken as evaluation indexes. The dispersion stabilizer , dispersion medium, initiator, monomer and other synthesis additives are screened. The experimental conditions such as their dosage and synthesis temperature are also optimized. Under the optimal synthesis conditions, the W/W polymer drag-reducing agent is obtained. The product is characterized and its rheological, dissolution and drag reduction properties are evaluated. The results show that the molecular weight of the W/W polymer drag-reducing agent ranges from 1.9 million to 2.4 million. The dissolution time is 24 s, and the drag reduction rate reaches 73.08% at the flow rate of 6.38 m·s -1 . It proves that the W/W polymer drag-reducing agent has instant solubility and high drag reduction efficiency. It is of great significance to realize the efficient development of shale oil reservoir.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
LANGMUIR
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Jinyu Wang,Dongsheng Ran,Hongsheng Lu,Jiaping Zhang,Yang Wu
The increasing exploitation of fossil resources needs to shift people’s attention to developing unconventional reservoir resources. Polyacrylamide-based emulsion drag reducers can effectively reduce the turbulence of fracturing fluid and improve oil recovery, but their release effect is poor, which limits their practical application. Here, we constructed a pH-responsive inverse polymer emulsion of poly(acrylamide–2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid). Interestingly, HOA/Tween 80 exhibits remarkable pH-responsive behavior, which enables the monomer emulsion to change the type of emulsion under pH stimulation. Our results propose that the P(AM-AMPS) polymer emulsion is eluted with the same aqueous phase as the W/O P(AM-AMPS) polymer emulsion, thereby achieving the effect of drag reduction. P(AM-AMPS) can be rapidly released from the inverse polymer emulsion within 70 s upon pH stimulation, the drag reduction rate of which was 60.4%. Obviously, the inverse polymer emulsion prepared by a pH-responsive surfactant not only has good stability but also can achieve rapid release of the polymer upon pH stimulation, which supplies an interesting indication to explain why a balance exists between the stability of the emulsion and release of P(AM-AMPS).
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Huimin Dai,Jian Lan,Zou He,Liyin Zhang,Ying Xiong,Shanshan Dai
The development of shear-resistant drag reducer agent (DRA) is crucial for enhancing oil recovery, especially during high-speed pumping and fracturing processes where polymer networks are prone to damage, leading to the reduction of the drag reduction (DR) performance. To address this issue, the introduction of nano-silica into the polymer structure, while maintaining good DR, endows the DRA with better shear resistance and salt resistance through its unique cross-linking mode. In this study, a novel shear-resistant and fast-dissolving drag reducer was synthesized through free-radical polymerization using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid (AMPS) and KH570 modified nano-silica. The comprehensive properties of drag reducer were studied using conductivity and dissolution time test, microscopic morphology analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and rheological test. The results suggestion that the PAPO-10@SiO 2 exhibits outstanding characteristics, including rapid dissolution (4 min), excellent salt resistance (DR rate up to 80.41% at a polymer concentration of 500 mg/L) and nano-silica concentration of 1.5 wt%. Moreover, the mechanism of drag reduction was proposed that nano-silica connects the molecular chains through multiple cross-linking effects of chemical cross-linking and physical adsorption, which enhances the stability of the network structure and prevents the destruction of the molecular chain structure by shear force effectively (viscosity retention of 76.9% after shearing for 40 min at 90°C and 170 s −1 ). In summary, this study provides valuable insights for developing polymers with both shear resistance and dissolution properties in aqueous solutions.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 11
·e53625
·
IF 3
Yuan Sun,Chengyu Zhou,Yifan Li,Min Zhou,Linghao Zeng,Benhui Li,Yuzhu Fan,Dan Bao,Wenke Chen
In this study, the bifunctional hydrophobic associative polymer of Acrylamide/2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid/Lauryl Methacrylate/N,N-dodecyl Acrylamide (AALD12) with better salt resistance and shear resistance was synthesized by free-radical micelle polymerization for use as a drag reduction in shale slip water fracturing. In deionized water, the critical associative concentration (CAC) of AALD12 was 0.23%. AALD12 was determined to be theoretically usable for a shale reservoir within 240°C based on its TG study. Microstructure, viscoelasticity, and shear recovery tests show that the polymer has good drag reduction potential and shear resistance. The reduction rates of the polymer AALD12 and the drag reduction agent RSH-1 in clear water were 77% and 73% (RSH-1 is a commonly used emulsion-type drag reduction agent in the market). At the same salt concentration (K + and Ca 2+ , 50,000 ppm) and flow rate (40 L/min), AALD12 can maintain a maximum reduction rate of about 63%. The drag reduction rate of RSH-1 in K + and Ca 2+ solutions can only be maintained at about 52% and 28%, respectively. In the shear resistance test, AALD12 and RSH-1 were each subjected to three times of cyclic shear in the test pipe. The drag reduction rate of the polymer AALD12 solution can still reach more than 72%. The drag reduction rate of the RSH-1 solution is about 56%. The drag reduction agent has good salt resistance and anti-shear bifunction.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
石油工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BMC Chemistry
·
2023
·Vol. 17
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 4.6
Jing Xianwu,Liu Youquan,Zhao Wanwei,Pu Junhong
Different from common hydrophobic associative polymers, a new hydrophobic associative polyacrylamide (HAPAM) with ultra-long side chains was synthesized and aimed to be used as drag reducer in this work. Firstly, a water-soluble hydrophobic monomer (named AT114) was obtained by alcoholysis reaction with acryloyl chloride and triton 114, then the drag reducer was obtained by radical copolymerization of AM, AMPS and AT114. The structures of AT114 and drag reducer were characterized by IR and NMR. Slick water was obtained by dissolving a small amount drag reducer in water. Although the viscosity of slick water varied greatly in fresh water and brine, the drag reduction rate always remained at a high level when flowing in pipelines. When the concentration of the drag reducer was 0.03% in fresh water, drag reduction rate can be up to 76.7%, while in high concentration brine, still as high as 76.2%. It shows that salt has no obvious negative impact on the drag reduction rate. That is also to say, in the case of low viscosity, the viscosity change has no obvious impact on drag reduction rate. From the Cryo-TEM observation, it can be concluded that the drag reducer forms sparse network structures in water, which is the direct reason for drag reducing effect. This finding provides knowledge regarding the development of new drag reducers.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2023
·Vol. 32
·期 8
·1065-1074
·
IF 3.1
Yuan Xu,Xianwu Jing,Yongfan Tang,Lang Zhou,pengfei Zhang
A very simple cationic monomer and a cationic hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide were synthesized, and the polymer was to function as a drag reducer. The structures of monomer and polymer were characterized by IR and NMR, and the drag-reducing rate, below and above the critical association concentration, (CAC) was tested. The modified polyacrylamide is a typical hydrophobically associating polymer, reaching a CAC at a mass concentration of about 0.25% (by weight). It is found from the friction test that the optimum concentration of the drag reducer is about 0.05% in fresh water, and the highest drag-reducing rate reaches as high as 72%. In addition, high concentration and high viscosity of drag reducer may impart negative impact on drag reduction rate in fresh water. While in brine, the optimum concentration is about 0.1%, and the highest drag-reducing rate is 68.4%. A high concentration has little negative impact on drag reduction rate, because viscosity is always very low. From the SEM images, it can be seen that the polymer can form network structure in fresh water. Above the CAC concentration, the network structure is significantly denser than that below the CAC concentration, but this is not conducive to the drag-reducing rate. In practical application, we always recommend using concentrations below CAC. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
流体力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 136
·期 48
·48362
·
IF 2.188
Xianwu Jing,Youquan Liu,Wei Li,Yuan Xu,Zhiyu Huang
A water-miscible nonionic surfmer (AC-TX100) was synthesized based on Triton X-100 and acryloyl chloride. Then, a terpolymer P(AM/AA/AC-TX100) was synthesized by free radical polymerization in aqueous solution and intended to be used as drag reducing agent (DRA). The DRA was defined to be P(AM 87.32 /AA 12.46 /AC-TX100 0.22 ) according to 1 H NMR and elemental analysis, the molecular weight was 2.12 × 10 6 g/mol according to scattering method. DRA shows excellent performance in drag reduction (DR). The highest DR rate of 76% can be obtained when DRA concentration is 0.023% in fresh water; while in brine containing 3% NaCl, DR rate decreases, and it is necessary to increase the concentration to 0.05% to ensure that DR rate is higher than 70%. SEM and cryo-TEM show that DRA forms a network structure in aqueous solution, and the tightness of this structure has a direct influence on DR performance. Specifically, DRA molecules stretch into the whirlpools generated by water at high flow rates, reducing the quantity and intensity of whirlpools, thereby lowering the energy loss and the friction. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 48362.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
流体力学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）