Copolymerization is an efficient method to modulate the intrinsic properties of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ). Herein, carbon ring and stereo molecular scaffold co-doped g-C 3 N 4 heterostrcutural nanosheets are constructed for simultaneously enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under ordinary pressure. The carbon ring changes the in-plane connection of g-C 3 N 4 by the sp 2 -hybridized C N bonds, extending the delocalization of π electrons. The stereo molecular scaffold loses the interlayer stacking of bulk g-C 3 N 4 for easier exfoliation. The synergistic effect of the above two aspects can greatly improve the photocatalytic performance of AGCN. After thermal exfoliation, the highest photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity of A 0.2 G 0.3 CN-E sample is 12.9 times higher than that of MCN. This work provides a strategy to design g-C 3 N 4 photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activity by using synergistic effect.
2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis( N , N -di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro) is an essential hole-transport material used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the redox reaction of Spiro and its impact at the interface with the metal electrode are not yet fully understood. In this study, we introduced a crystalline additive (CA) to regulate the redox process of Spiro and its interface with an Ag electrode. Our findings indicate that CA functions as a molecular scaffold, improving the crystallinity and stability of radicals in Spiro throughout the entire redox reaction. This enhancement increases the hole mobility of Spiro and strengthens the internal electric field, thereby improving hole extraction and transport efficiency at both interfaces. Moreover, the optimized redox reaction of Spiro reduces energy loss at the Ag electrode, significantly boosting the power conversion efficiency to 25.21%. Furthermore, CA mitigates the aggregation of lithium salt and enhances the stability of the device. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of hole-transport mechanisms of Spiro and emphasize the importance of reducing energy loss at the Spiro/Ag electrode interface in PSCs.
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