Bozhen Wu,Honghao Zhu,Yuhao Yang,Kaiqi Zhu,Renrong Liu,Yulin Li
With the integration and high power of electronic devices, as well as the rapid development of 5G and new energy, the application of materials with good flexibility, mechanical properties, and multifunctional properties is increasing. In this study, we prepared polyamide composite films with high thermal conductivity (TC) (33.27 W/(m·K)), excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) (63.0 dB), and good mechanical properties (tensile strength 44.5 MPa, toughness 13.8 MJ/m3) by using hierarchical design and recombination strategy. The top layer of the composite film is a graphene/graphene oxide film (GNP/GO) as the TC and EMI shielding layer. The base layer of the composite film is a commercially available polyamide mesh to improve mechanical properties. The dense Ni layer was deposited on the polyamide fabric by the electroless nickel plating process, which improved the shielding performance against electromagnetic interference. The water-borne polyurethane (WPU) cladding is further coated on the nickel-plated polyamide fabric to protect the cladding and bond the top and base layers simultaneously. In addition, the practical application of the film in thermal management and electromagnetic shielding fields is also proved through the application experiments.
The integration of broadband sound absorption with environmental sustainability remains a key challenge in advanced material design. In this work, an innovative 3D-printed cellulose nanofibril (CNF) architecture with a customizable hierarchical “hole-cavity unity” structure was proposed for highly efficient sound absorption. This multi-scale structural design strategy synergistically coupled the perforated-panel acoustic principles with nanoscale viscous dissipation mechanisms. By leveraging the shear-thinning behavior of CNF inks and the precision control of direct ink writing, the sub-millimeter periodic pore arrays were embedded within the continuous nanofibrous network, enabling programmable structural tunability across multiple pore scales. Systematic regulation of infill ratio and sample thickness yielded high sound absorption coefficients (>0.7) over an ultra-broad frequency range of 1.2–6.3 kHz. Combined with low shrinkage, structural customizability, low density, and rapid environmental degradability, the fully bio-based 3D-printed CNF architectures are expected to offer a promising and sustainable solution for developing next-generation acoustic materials for noise control applications.
Nanozymes, while promising as next-generation biocatalysts, face translational challenges such as insufficient atomic synergy, environmental interference, and spectral mismatches in portable biosensing. To address these limitations, we developed a CuIn 2 S 4 nanozyme with an “atomic-mesoscopic-macroscopic” hierarchical design, achieving robust sweat glucose monitoring through synergistic mechanisms. Leveraging the AB 2 X 4 crystal framework, we engineered C In bimetallic coordination with d-p orbital hybridization, creating localized charge-enriched regions that reduced the adsorption energy barrier of H 2 O 2 ( ΔE = −1.51 eV, bond elongation 0.03 Å), yielded preferable peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity ( V max = 9.63 × 10 −8 M·s −1 ), with hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation confirmed by EPR spectroscopy. To mitigate signal drift caused by dynamic sweat conditions (pH 4.5–7.0, ionic strength 0.12–0.18 M), we employed response surface methodology integrating Plackett-Burman screening and central composite design. This approach resolved nonlinear pH-ionic strength coupling (X 1 × X 6 : β = −0.044) under simulated sweat environments (pH 5.5, 0.3 M NaCl). Building on these advancements, we designed a thermo-responsive F127@GOx@CuIn 2 S 4 hydrogel platform. Its sol-gel phase transition (critical temperature: 23.5 °C) spatially confined glucose oxidation cascades: GOx-mediated H 2 O 2 production triggered ·OH-driven chromogenic reactions using o -phenylenediamine (OPD) or 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AMAP) as indicator. A smartphone-based RGB analysis optimized for the blue channel ( R 2 = 0.97) enabled precise classification of sweat glucose levels into normal, prediabetic, and diabetic ranges. This study establishes a hierarchical multi-scale engineering framework - spanning atomic design, mesoscale regulation, and macroscopic application - to advance nanozyme applications in non-invasive diagnostics. Our work provides a blueprint for real-time metabolic monitoring through synergistic material innovation and portable detection technologies.
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