CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
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2024
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IF 4.1
Haibin Xu,Chang Xu,Yuting Zheng,Dezhi Zhang,Haomiao Zhang,Jingdai Wang,Yongrong Yang
We present a continuous flow strategy for synthesizing a high-purity primary explosive, silver acetylide-silver nitrate (SASN), using a 3D-printed acetylene bubble generator coupled with a vibration device and a coiled tubular reactor. The mass transfer enhancement by the active mixing provided by vibration and Dean vortices in the coiled reactor mitigates the deposition of SASN particles on the reactor walls. We obtain high-purity SASN products by optimizing the reactor configuration and process conditions. SEM analysis indicates bulbous-shape SASN particles with 150–300 nm size in acetonitrile; DSC analysis reveals three main peaks between 180–230 °C and facilitates the evaluation of activation energies using the Ozawa method. The as-synthesized SASN exhibits excellent sensitivities as compared with other primary explosives. This gas–liquid-solid flow approach is effectively and safely scaled up by increasing the volumetric flowrate under fixed reaction time and can be readily extrapolated to other continuous syntheses with solids generation.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
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2024
·Vol. 11
·期 11
·3168-3177
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IF 6.1
Qi Zhang,Ruibing Lv,Ying Wang,Zhenghang Luo,Pengyang Pan,Tingwei Wang,Quancheng Liu
Laser-sensitive primary explosives (LSPEs) have long been a focus of attention as the material foundation for safer and more efficient laser-initiation technology. However, LSPEs often have poor safety due to their structural characteristics, which greatly limits the development and application of laser initiating technology. In this work, we introduced the concept of multidentate chelates into LSPEs and innovatively propose the concept of energetic quadridentate chelates. To achieve this highly creative idea, we synthesized an energetic flexible chelating ligand, namely, 1,2-bis(3-nitroamino-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)ethane (BNATE), and prepared a novel metal quadridentate chelate, namely, [Cu(BNATE)·2H2O] (1), by chelating it with Cu2+. Through a series of tests, including X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and evaluation of the safety and detonation performance, it was proven that this compound adhered to the high stability characteristics of the chelate, and its safety and detonation performance were superior to previous LSPEs. Moreover, through laser-initiation experiments, it was determined that the compound had excellent photosensitivity and a lower laser-initiation threshold. To explain the reason why the chelate structure is specifically sensitive to a laser, diffuse reflection ultraviolet and TD-DFT simulations were conducted, which not only demonstrated experimentally that chelation had a good enhancement effect on the laser photosensitivity but also confirmed the mode of electron transfer in the quadridentate chelate structure.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2018
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IF 8.097
Rui Xu,Zhenzhan Yan,Li Yang,Qianyou Wang,Wenchao Tong,Naimeng Song,Ji-Min Han,Yang Zhao
Research on green primary explosives with lead-free and excellent ignition performance is of significance for practical applications. In this work, we have developed a novel, green, and facile strategy for synthesizing copper azide@porous carbon hybrids (CA@PC) based on ionic cross-linked hydrogel with low-cost cellulose derivatives as the starting material, in which the CA nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the porous carbon skeletons. The detailed characterizations and control experiments demonstrated that such an outstanding performance originates from the excellent electric conductivity of nanoscale carbon cages. With the favorable unique structures, the as-prepared hybrids can greatly benefit a new type of energetic materials, which exhibit a very low electrostatic sensitivity of 1.06 mJ. Interestingly, the hybrids possess a high ignition ability, and the flame sensitivity can even achieve 47 cm, superior to those well-developed CA-based materials reported previously. This work paves the way toward the design and development of next-generation highly efficient energetic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源化学
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纳米技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2022
·
IF 6.371
Xuwen Liu,Yan Hu,Caimin Yang,Jiaxin Su,Yinghua Ye,Ruiqi Shen
Chitosan (CTS) is a well-known adsorbent capable of absorbing copper ions . It's also a high-quality biomass carbon source. The carbon skeleton formed by the pyrolysis of CTS has outstanding electrical conductivity , which can help copper azide (CA), a new type of primary explosive that's particularly sensitive to electrostatic stimuli, be more electrostatically safe. The CTS-Cu complex is precipitated by using CTS to adsorb and flocculate copper ions in wastewater. To construct the Cu@carbonized chitosan (CCTS) precursor material, the organic ligands in the CTS-Cu complex are calcined into a porous three-dimensional carbon matrix, and the copper ions are transformed into copper nanoparticles embedded in CCTS. The azide reaction converts copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) into high-energy CA. With its good electrical conductivity, CCTS maintains its framework structure and effectively improves the electrostatic safety of composite energetic materials. CA@CCTS has a CA content of 69.7%, an electrostatic ignition energy (E 50 ) of about 1.19 mJ, and a heat release of 1803.22 J/g. This work takes advantage of CA and CTS's environmental friendliness. CA@CCTS, as a novel lead-free primary explosive, has good electrostatic safety while containing a high proportion of CA.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES
·
2023
·Vol. 59
·期 3
·367-374
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IF 1.2
Wang D.-W.,Li C.,Zhang L.,Zhu C.-G.
Abstract To develop a green primary explosive, we prepare an Al@KIO 4 nano-thermite using spray co-precipitation and then mix it with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) to form a PETN/Al@KIO 4 composite as a primary explosive. The thermite structure is characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which indicates that the thermite is about 200 nm and well distributed. The combustion performance is investigated using high-speed photography and confined combustion experiments. The results show that the detonation time of PETN/Al@KIO 4 composites is 60 \(\mu\) s earlier than that of pure PETN, indicating that the thermite accelerates the process of the deflagration-to-detonation transition of PETN. The detonation performance of the composites is investigated, and it is verified that PETN/Al@KIO 4 can initiate RDX successfully and be used as a primary explosive. Moreover, the safety performance and long-term storage performance of the composite are evaluated, which shows that the PETN/Al@KIO 4 composite performance is steady and the initiation effect does not change after 20 years of storage.
研究领域:
材料科学
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爆炸化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Junda Huo,Dongxu Zhang,Debin Ni,Shan Wang,Qianyou Wang,Li Yang
The crystal morphology of energetic materials significantly affects their sensitivity, initiation capability, and flowability, which directly determine the performance of weapons and equipment. Despite great efforts having been devoted to the morphological control of primary explosives, the mechanism insights into morphological modification are still in infancy stage. Herein, combining experimental results with theoretical calculations, we elucidated the morphological control process of a novel environmentally friendly lead-free primary explosive named bis-(ethylenediamine) copper (II) 5-nitrotetrazolate [Cu(EDA) 2 (NT) 2 ]. Through directional suppression/induction by different surfactants on crystal face growth, three completely different shaped crystals of Cu(EDA) 2 (NT) 2 (lamellar, hollow rhombic toroidal, and uniform rhombic block) were prepared, ultimately achieving precise control over the crystal morphology. Among them, the block-shaped crystals of CMC-Cu(EDA) 2 (NT) 2 , modified with carboxymethyl cellulose, exhibited significantly improved stacking density, thermal stability, and initiation capability. This work not only significantly optimized the modification of Cu(EDA) 2 (NT) 2 , but also revealed the complex interaction mechanism between surfactants and crystal surfaces, laying an important scientific foundation for tailoring morphology, and enhancing performance of primary explosives crystals.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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爆炸物研究
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
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