查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Commensal enteric virome regulates intestinal carbohydrate digestion and absorption

Fengqing Lin,Lianglan Li,Yuanpeng He,Shujie Xu,Qiufen Mo,Wangsen Cao,Aikun Fu,Weiqin Li

The enteric microbiome and nutrient sensing within the small intestine play critical roles in maintaining host metabolic homeostasis. Although various bacteria and some fungi have established functions in nutrient metabolism, the role of the enteric virome remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the enteric virome significantly influences carbohydrate digestion and absorption independently of the bacteriome. Furthermore, the virome elicits distinct responses across different intestinal cell types. Specifically, it activates programs for carbohydrate digestion and absorption in intestinal epithelial cells while simultaneously stimulating antigen-presenting cells―Th17 cells―to produce interleukin-22, a cytokine that curbs excessive carbohydrate uptake. The virome’s effect on carbohydrate digestion and absorption—whether suppressive or stimulatory—depends on the presence or absence of immune surveillance. This intricate interplay between metabolic and immune pathways establishes the enteric virome as a pivotal regulator of metabolism and reveals the virome’s intrinsic capacity to autonomously modulate vertebrate intestinal physiology.

Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment of Antiviral Drugs in Multiprocess Wastewater Treatment Plants and Adjacent Watersheds: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

Zijun Dong,Zhihao Han,Lulu Zhang,Xiaohui Sun,Chenyu Wang,Yifeng Yang

The pervasive use of antiviral drugs (ATVs) for treating viral infections (e.g., HIV, hepatitis, and influenza) has led to their widespread detection in aquatic environments. However, their incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and associated ecological risks remain poorly quantified, particularly in megacities with high population density and medical facility density post-COVID-19. This study analyzed influent, effluent, and process-unit samples from 16 WWTPs and surface water samples from two major river basins via UPLC–ESI–MS/MS to systematically evaluate the occurrence, removal dynamics, and ecological risks of eight priority ATVs. Ecological risk quotients (RQs) were calculated using measured environmental concentrations (MECs) and predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for aquatic organisms. Acyclovir (ACV) was ubiquitously detected in all WWTPs (197–21,334 ng/L) and rivers (139–431 ng/L), with WWTP removal rates varying drastically by process (15.6–99.9%). Oseltamivir (OS) dominated influents (18,251–21,334 ng/L) but was absent in surface waters, suggesting rapid environmental transformation. Risk assessment identified high-risk RQs (>1) for ACV and OS in effluents, threatening algae and fish. Hybrid processes (e.g., A2O+MBR) outperformed single-stage systems, yet overall ATV removal remained suboptimal (avg. 48.6%). This work underscores the urgent need for process optimization and regulatory frameworks to mitigate ATV-driven ecological hazards.

Dual Channel Detection of Tetracycline Using Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Carbon Dots

Haoda Zhang,Kai Huang,Sen Zhou,Xiaoming Yang

Excessively employing tetracycline (TC) or even abusing has led to severe environmental pollution and health risks, and monitoring its amount and related residue is of great importance. Although fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have been employed to detect TC, single-fluorescence detection usually shows the deficiencies of the limited interference resistance and relatively narrow detection range. This study introduced a dual-channel method based on nitrogen-doped phosphorescent carbon dots (N-CDs). By capitalizing on the synergistic effects of fluorescence and phosphorescence signals, this approach effectively improved the detection sensitivity and the linear range. These N-CDs were synthesized through a one-step microwave-assisted method using guanidinopropionic acid and amidinothiourea as the precursors. The findings revealed that TC selectively quenched both the fluorescent and phosphorescent signals of N-CDs mainly based on the inner filter effect (IFE). These findings not only validated the theoretical basis of the dual-channel detection approach but also highlighted its practical potential. The developed method provided a sensitive and reliable technique for detecting TC in various samples and demonstrated the versatility of N-CDs as promising sensing materials.

Characterization of a Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase From Colwellia sp. WH041 for Multienzyme Synthesis of Nucleoside Analogs

Shirong Wang,Yu Zhang,Fan Yang,Fuxue Chen,Xingcheng Shao,Gaofei Liu,Bin Wu

Multienzyme cascades provide an efficient biocatalytic strategy for synthesizing nucleoside analogs from simple sugar donors and nucleobases. In pentose‐to‐nucleoside cascades, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) catalyzes the terminal N‐glycosylation step and strongly influences product formation and substrate scope. Here, seven putative PNP homologs from microorganisms isolated from low‐temperature environments were evaluated under Ec RK‐ Ec PPM‐PNP cascade conditions. A PNP from Colwellia sp. WH041, designated Col PNP, showed the highest arabinofuranosylation activity and was selected for further characterization. Col PNP displayed optimal activity at 45 °C and exhibited a 12.7‐fold higher catalytic efficiency than Escherichia coli PNP at the same temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations supported the favorable catalytic performance of Col PNP under moderate‐temperature conditions. After optimization of the Ec RK‐ Ec PPM‐ Col PNP cascade, vidarabine conversion reached 58.2% within 12 h. The optimized system was further applied to synthesize diverse nucleoside analogs with conversions of 45.8%–89.8%, and guanosine analogs were obtained through sequential Ec ADA‐mediated deamination. This study expands the PNP toolbox and demonstrates Col PNP as an efficient module for enzymatic nucleoside analog synthesis. A purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Colwellia sp. WH041, Col PNP, is identified as an efficient module for pentose‐to‐purine nucleoside synthesis. Integrated with Ec RK and Ec PPM, Col PNP enables direct conversion of unprotected D‐pentoses and purine bases into diverse nucleoside analogs with up to 89.9% conversion.

Crystallization Selectivity of Ribavirin Solution and Amorphous Phase

Fuying Li,Shiying Chen,Haoxin Hu,Chengfeng Liang,Shiyu Sun,Can Jin,Fenghua Chen

Crystallization selectivity is an important principle in polymorph control. Ribavirin Form I, Form II, DMSO solvate, and amorphous ribavirin are prepared, and the short-range order similarities between these solid forms and ribavirin aqueous solution and DMSO solution are compared via mid-frequency Raman difference spectra (MFRDS). The crystallization process from amorphous ribavirin to Form I and from solution to amorphous phase is explained. Reasons for the difficulty in preparing the DMSO solvate are proposed. The rationale provided for the crystallization selectivity provides a foundation for the synthesis of metastable phases with a robust and convenient method.Keywords:ribavirin;crystallization selectivity;solution;amorphous phase;solvate;mid-frequency Raman difference spectra

A study on the anti-corrosion mechanism of the eco-friendly inhibitor Ribavirin on Q235 steel in an acidic chloride environment

Hongmei Dong,Lifeng Ding,Boyuan Ran,Yongbo Song,Ruihong Wang,Lu Zhao,Yulan Niu

Developing efficient and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors to replace traditional toxic and harmful ones is necessary for protecting the ecological environment. Herein, we have developed an eco-friendly drug corrosion inhibitor, Ribavirin (RBVR), which could effectively inhibit Q235 steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution. EIS results showed that RBVR slowed down the corrosion rate of steel, and η could reach up to 97.7 % when the concentration of RBVR was only 10 mM. The potentiodynamic polarization curve results indicated that RBVR was a modest mixed-type corrosion inhibitor that could inhibit steel anodic and cathodic reactions. The adsorption isotherm and theoretical calculations revealed that the adsorption of RBVR on the steel surface was in the form of parallel adsorption, which maximized the protection of steel. The adsorption of RBVR molecules on the steel was mainly based on the N and O heteroatoms as the active adsorption centers. A monolayer protective film was formed on the steel surface, which retarded the dissolution of active sites. This work will provide a theoretical basis for developing novel, efficient, eco-friendly organic inhibitors and promoting their industrial application.

Quantum dot nanobead immunochromatographic assay based on bispecific monoclonal antibody for the simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and amantadine

Kezhuo Zhang,Huadong Cai,Min Lu,Daixian Wei,Jiaqi Yin,Nengshui Ding,Weihua Lai,Juan Peng

Insights into a rapid screening method for anti-cucumber mosaic virus compounds

Yunlong Yan,Maoxi Huang,Li Wang,Wei Xue,Xin Xie,Xiangyang Li

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a detrimental plant virus in agricultural production. Traditionally, the half-leaf method using Nicotiana glutinosa has been used for screening agrochemicals to control CMV. However, this forms a time-consuming experimental bottleneck. In this study, we constructed a rapid screening model for anti-CMV compounds using CMV. In short, purified CMV particles were labeled through amine reactions and then subjected to binding studies with commercial compounds. The relative gene expression levels were then confirmed. Additionally, the rapid screening model results were verified using synthesized compounds. The commercial compounds ningnanmycin, ribavirin, and moroxydine hydrochloride bound to CMV with dissociation constants of 0.012, 2.870, and 0.069 μM, respectively, and they significantly inhibited expression of the gene for the CMV coat protein in CMV-infected tobacco leaves. This rapid screening model was assessed using our synthetic compounds N12 , N16 , and N18 through binding, which were shown to have dissociation constants 0.008, 0.025, and 70.800 μM, respectively, as well as via gene expression studies. Thus, a rapid method for screening anti-CMV commercial compounds and our synthetic compounds was constructed and confirmed.

Ribavirin inhibits peste des petits ruminants virus proliferation in vitro

Weifeng Zhang,Hualong Deng,Yanfen Liu,Shaohong Chen,You Liu,Yuntao Zhao

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, belongs to the genus Morbillivirus. It causes devastating viral diseases in small ruminants and has been rapidly spreading over various regions in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Although vaccination is thought to be an effective management strategy against PPR infections, the heat sensitivity of PPRV vaccines severely restricts their use in regions with hot climates. In this research, we studied the antiviral activities of ribavirin and aimed to understand the potential mechanisms of action of ribavirin in the African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells). In brief, the adsorption, intrusion, replication, and release of PPRV, as well as the mRNA expression level of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ( RdRp ), were significantly inhibited in the ribavirin-treated Vero cells compared to those in the PPRV-infected cells that were not treated with ribavirin. Additionally, ribavirin has potential as an antiviral drug against PPRV, and its antiviral activity is mediated by the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and PI3K/AKT pathways.

Signal-off tuned signal-on (SF-T-SN) colorimetric immunoassay for amantadine using activity-metalmodulated peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme

Xiaoming Ma,Shan He,Ying Zhang,Jianguo Xu,Huifang Zhang,Zhen Wang,Jun Xue,Xun Li,Wenbo Yu,Xiaolin Fan

Immunoassays facilitate a wide range of rapid, simple and sensitive biochemical detection analyses. We developed a signal-off tuned signal-on (SF-T-SN) colorimetric immunoassay for the detection of the antiviral drug, amantadine (AMD). Using this strategy, the conventional competitive signal-off immunoassay acts as a foundation to induce different immune recognition events in the absence and presence of AMD. The introduction of activity-metal modulated peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes converts the conventional signal-off model to a signal-on model, thereby facilitating drug detection, and overcoming disadvantages with natural enzymes. Importantly, due to switching of the reporting mechanism, and the high catalytic activity of the nanozyme, this “off-to-on” pathway makes the nanozyme-based colorimetric signal proportional to AMD concentrations, thereby circumventing the inherent drawbacks of limited signaling abilities and sensitivities with conventional signal-off immunoassay-based small molecule detection systems. AMD concentrations can be read by the eye or by the optical signals. Based on this protocol, system sensitivity (0.195 ng mL −1 AMD for the naked eye, and 0.134 ng mL −1 AMD for optical detection) not only outperformed reported methods, but it dramatically improved the naked eye observations and UV–vis measurements, when compared with conventional signal-off immunoassays. AMD concentrations spiked into chicken samples were also detected with acceptable recoveries, and relative standard derivations (RSD), indicating this method is highly applicable for biochemical analyses and food safety monitoring.

In vivo and in vitro antiviral effect and mechanisms of rhein against nervous necrosis virus

Xiang Liu,Bing-Ke Li,Qin-Xue Liu,Peng-Fei Li,Fei Ling,Gao-Xue Wang

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a major threat to the global aquaculture industry, resulting in huge economic losses. In this study, we evaluated a naturally anthraquinone, rhein, as a potential therapeutic agent against NNV. Rhein effectively inhibited NNV-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) at a concentration of 18.84 μM, with an inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) against NNV replication of 8.77 μM. Moreover, the study revealed a possible anti-NNV mechanism. Rhein could disrupt NNV-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest by inhibiting ATP synthesis, and cell cycle arrested in S phase is favorable for NNV replication, which in turn inhibits NNV replication. The therapeutic effect of rhein was also evaluated in vivo , where the survival rate of NNV infected grouper was increased by 26.7% with the treatment of 10 mg/kg rhein. Our findings demonstrated the potential of rhein as a pharmacological compound that exerts significant antiviral activity against NNV by modulating the cell cycle and ATP synthesis. Consequently, rhein has shown significant promise as a medication for the prevention and treatment of viral infections in aquaculture.

Inhibition effects of eight anti-coronavirus drugs on glycosides metabolism and glycosidases in human gut microflora

Dai Tianming,Wang Min,Wang Pengzhen,Dai Libing,Dai Renke,Meng Qingqi

The effects of eight oral anti-coronavirus drugs (lopinavir, ritonavir, chloroquine, darunavir, ribavirin, arbidol, favipiravir, oseltamivir) on the metabolism of four specific glycosides (polydatin, geniposide, quercitrin, glycyrrhizin) and on the activities of three major glycosidases (β-glucosidase, α-rhamnosidase, β-glucuronidase) from gut microflora were explored in vitro and determined by LC-MS/MS. The metabolism of polydatin, geniposide, quercitrin and glycyrrhizin was significantly inhibited by one or several anti-coronavirus drugs of 100 μM around 1 h and 4 h (P<0.05), among which darunavir could strongly reduce the production of genipin (70.6% reduction), quercitin (80.6% reduction) and glycyrrhetinic acid (37.9% reduction), which may cause a high risk of herb-drug interactions (HDI). Additionally, chloroquine reduced the production of genipin and quercitin by more than 75% (P<0.05), whereas arbidol had no significant influence on the metabolism of polydatin, quercitrin and glycyrrhizin (P>0.05) so that its risk may be lower. The inhibition of darunavir on β-glucosidase was relatively strong (IC50 = 193±23 μM), and the inhibition became weaker on β-glucuronidase and α-rhamnosidase (IC50>500 μM). The consistency between gut microflora and glycosidase system indicated that the inhibition of darunavir on the activity of β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase may be the main reason for affecting the metabolism of geniposide, glycyrrhizin and polydatin in gut microflora. However, for the inhibition of darunavir and chloroquine on the metabolism of quercetrin, there was no correlation between gut microflora and α-rhamnosidase system. Assessing the risk of HDI mediated by glycosidases in gut microflora may be conducive to the safety and efficacy of combining traditional herbal and Western medicine for the treatment of patients with Covid-19.