Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant attention due to their high efficiency and low cost, making them a promising contender for the future of photovoltaic (PV) technology. Stable and controllable preparation of high-efficiency PSCs is crucial for the advancement of perovskite PV technology's industrialization. Herein, we demonstrate an additive-assisted blade-coating technique that boasts a wide air knife pressure window processing, making it ideal for the scalable deposition of perovskite films. KSCN was added to the perovskite precursor to induce an extra endothermic reaction, which effectively reduced the solvent evaporation rate, broadened the processing window, and slowed down the nucleation and crystallization process of the perovskite film. Moreover, the introduction of K + led to the suppression of the formation of metal Pb 0 and iodine vacancies in the film. Therefore, the high-quality perovskite films with full coverage, larger grains, higher crystallinity, fewer defects, as well as large-scale uniformity can be obtained under variable air knife pressure. As a result, power conversion efficiencies of 20.40% for small-area (0.07 cm 2 ) blade-coated PSCs and 17.62% for perovskite solar modules with an active area of 10.00 cm 2 were achieved. The proposed blade-coating technique with a wide processing window holds great potential for the commercialization of perovskite PV technology.
Perfecting large-area perovskite film coating technology remains a key challenge to commercialize perovskite solar cells. Herein, nontoxic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is recommended as the only solvent to fabricate formamidinium (FA)–cesium lead halide perovskite by heat-assisted blade coating. DMSO effectively promotes the formation of α-phase crystals and improves the crystallinity. In addition, high substrate temperature is found to improve the film compactness, preferred facet orientation, and desired phase transition. Fast coating mode is adopted to inhibit ion migration and reduce the hysteresis of solar cells. Without any additives or surface treatments, the resulting perovskite film with chemical formula FA 0.75 Cs 0.25 PbI 2.7 Br 0.3 shows smooth surface, dense grains, and excellent crystallinity. The corresponding solar cells achieve efficiencies of 20.2% and 17.1% with active areas of 0.1 and 1.0 cm 2 , respectively. The unencapsulated devices maintain ≈100% and 70% of their initial efficiencies after 500 h of storage in air with relative humidity of about 25% and heating at 85 °C, respectively.
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