CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Yueqi Wu,Xing Gu,Mingyong Jia,Qiang Shen,Fei Chen
A reliable joining between silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) ceramics and metallic molybdenum (Mo), which possess significantly different physical properties, is successfully achieved through powder metallurgy and gradient composite technology. The interfacial reaction mechanisms between Si 3 N 4 and Mo at various compositional layers are systematically investigated under a sintering temperature of 1500 °C. Based on the elucidated reaction pathways and the concentration distribution index (p), the structure of the transition layer in Si 3 N 4 /Mo x Si y /Mo functionally graded materials (FGMs) is effectively optimized. By eliminating the intermediate layers where severe reactions induce excessive porosity, the overall densification and interfacial integrity of the graded structure are significantly enhanced, thereby improving the mechanical performance of the composite. The results indicate that Si 3 N 4 and Mo primarily react via diffusion between Mo and Si to form molybdenum silicides, following the reaction sequence: (Mo + Si) → (Mo 3 Si/MoSi 2 + Si) → (Mo 5 Si 3 ). At a concentration distribution index of p = 1.5, the flexural strength of the Si 3 N 4 /Mo x Si y /Mo FGMs reaches a maximum value of 371.4 MPa. Furthermore, the elemental distribution across the optimized transition layers exhibits a quasi-continuous gradient profile, indicating excellent structural continuity and robust interfacial bonding.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2019
·
IF 4.175
Fei Chen,Mingyong Jia,Yulong She,Yueqi Wu,Qiang Shen,Lianmeng Zhang
In this paper, aluminum nitride (AlN) and molybdenum (Mo) were used for fabrication of AlN/Mo functionally graded materials by spark plasma sintering (SPS). In order to study the influence of microstructure on mechanical properties in AlN/Mo FGMs, the FGMs with different composition exponent p value were analyzed by indentation and bending test . The results showed that the specimens with p < 1 exhibited a metal-rich graded structure comparing to specimens with p ≥ 1. The radial bending and shear strength of AlN/Mo FGMs reached maximum when p < 1, which are 369.78 MPa and 48.01 MPa respectively. Moreover, comparing with the porosity and the ceramic/metal interface, the distribution of the two components is the most important factor for improvement of bending and shear strength. The more the hard metal network content in the graded layer, the higher the bending and shear strength of AlN/Mo FGMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
机械工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2020
·
IF 4.495
Qiang Liu,Yang Wang,Xin-Yuan Hua,Biao Zhang,Hao-Qian Zhang,Jun-Wei Liu,Feng Ye,Wen Wang
Although traditional functionally graded materials (FGMs) have weakened a certain extent abrupt changes along interfaces between layers, eliminating residual abrupt interfaces which results in great inter laminar stresses remains a major challenge. Herein, ceramic scaffolds with novel continuously graded channels have been firstly prepared through combining layer-by-layer casting with gelation-freeze-dry. Followed by infiltrating soft phase, the co-continuous FGMs without delamination and abrupt changes between layers can be successfully fabricated. The wet layering of suspensions and continuous ice crystals across the interface are the main reasons for the eliminated interfaces. More importantly, the performance of FGMs can be optimized to meet the practical requirement attributed to the varied porosity and pore size distribution of freeze-cast ceramic scaffolds. The novel process for co-continuous ceramics/ FGMs without abrupt interfaces can be extended to other polymers or even metals.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
复合材料工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Yunwei Shi,Yichao Ren,Qianglong He,Jinghan Wang,Aiyang Wang,Hao Wang,Weimin Wang,Zhengyi Fu
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have attracted more and more attention due to their graded changes on composition or microstructure to satisfy some conflicting properties in one component. However, the interfacial stress induced by the composition difference across an interface would degrade the reliability of components and hinder its advancement. Herein, a general process to fabricate continuously and symmetrically graded Si 3 N 4 -based ceramics is designed to address the problem above. By the combination of gaseous gradient diffusion and in-situ gas reaction, the graded ceramics with hard surface and tough core are first prepared under uniformly thermal field. The edge area of graded ceramics exhibits fine microstructure, high hardness (19.82GPa), and low fracture toughness (4.73 MPa·m 1/2 ), while the interior exhibits a distinct difference with coarse grains, low hardness (18.31GPa) and high fracture toughness (6.12 MPa·m 1/2 ). The thickness of continuously graded microstructure is effectively controlled and regulated by optimizing sintering regimes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
陶瓷工程
·
制造工艺
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
·
2022
·
IF 6.044
Mingyong Jia,Fei Chen,Yueqi Wu,Like Xu,Qiang Shen,Nan Jiang,Jian Sun
The metallization of AlN ceramic is a critical prerequisite for applying AlN ceramics to electronic component packaging. In this study, a concept of functionally graded materials (FGMs) was used for the metallization of AlN ceramic. Symmetrical Mo/AlN/Mo FGMs with different composition exponent p ( p =1, p <1, and p >1) were designed and fabricated by hot-press sintering. The influence of the p -value on the shear performance and fracture path of the Mo/AlN/Mo FGMs was investigated. Compared to specimens with p =1, the specimens with p <1 and p >1 show the distribution of Mo-rich and AlN-rich in the graded transition layer, respectively. The shear strength of the specimens reaches a maximum value of 48.0 MPa as p < 1 and 22.5 MPa higher than the minimum value as p > 1. Besides, three fracture paths were found for the Mo/AlN/Mo FGMs with different values of p , including the cracks propagate obliquely along the axis in the graded transition layer, the cracks penetrate through the AlN ceramic and the graded transition layer, and the cracks only propagate horizontally in a single graded layer. The crack initiation of Mo/AlN/Mo FGMs depends on the strength of each graded layer. Moreover, the directions of fracture paths are closely related to the strength of the ceramic interlayer and the composition exponent p .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
工程学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2023
·Vol. 34
·期 12
·2312736
·
IF 19
Guang Yao,Hongping Xiang,Margaret Lucas,Hang Gao,Lijuan Zheng,Dandan Wu,Zexi Han,Jianhua Lai,Chengyong Wang
Existing manufacturing technologies for thermoset components are limited by long cycle times, simple structures, limited material, and poor controllability, making it difficult to realize complex structures with functionally graded properties. Herein, a sound continuous production (SCP) technology is proposed for the rapid manufacture of thermosets by accelerating the gelation through the mechanical, physical, and chemical effects of ultrasound. SCP is shown to enable the continuous production of homogeneous and heterogeneous thermosets. Its combination with a robotic arm allows for 360° omnidirectional continuous production, which is demonstrated by the successful construction of lateral and vertical-oriented spiral structures via unsupported fabrication. Multiscale filaments with diameters ranging from 150 µm to 2 cm are manufactured and are shown capable of producing functionally graded materials with mechanical property gradients of up to five. The direct fabrication via SCP of a set of functional composites is demonstrated and a novel fabrication technique for multilayer carbon fiber-reinforced plastic laminates is presented. This method can bring technological innovation to the rapid manufacture of thermosets for several emerging fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
制造工程
·
超声技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2022
·
IF 5.532
Qian Qi,Wei Ji,Qiunan Li,Wanjun Li,Jinyong Zhang,Weimin Wang,Zhengyi Fu
The materials used in astronautics fields are usually designed to withstand severe thermal stress induced by large temperature differences. Compared with homogenous materials, functionally graded materials (FGM) possess gradient properties and can be applied in harsh operating conditions. In this study, ZrC–Mo multilayer FGM were designed and prepared with three gradient compositions. The as-produced ZrC–Mo FGM exhibited the dense and homogeneous morphology and excellent interlayer bonding without visible defects such as cracks and pores. The results of oxyacetylene ablation tests indicated that compared with homogeneous ZrC-based composites, the ZrC–Mo FGM could better maintain integrity and avoid catastrophic damage. An effective property transition was established by the gradient design, which could relieve the stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between ceramic and metal materials. The FGM in the composition of quadratic function nonlinear with higher Mo content show the optimized overall performance. The study provides a new strategy for developing promising candidate materials under ultra-high temperature conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
航空航天工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2025
·
IF 8.9
Jiaojiao Yun,Ruihan Ge,James K.H. Tsoi,Yu Lu,Shuangzhuang Guo,Jiawen Guo,Yan Wang
This study developed a functionally graded post-and-core system using urethane dimethacrylate resins reinforced with zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nanoparticles, with material design guided by finite element (FE) modeling. Three groups were established according to the post-and-core materials and techniques: FPC, prefabricated fiber post plus resin composite core; HPC, CAD/CAM homogeneous post-and-core; GPC, CAD/CAM graded post-and-core. The machinability assessment validated the dimensional accuracy of experimental CAD/CAM posts by showing an undetectable marginal discrepancy of less than 40 µm and the good adhesion between the sequentially deposited layers for graded post-and-core. FE analysis and in vitro failure test were performed to compare the biomechanical performance of the restored teeth using three restorations. FE analysis indicated that the GPC group with tri-layer configuration (coronal–apical dimensions: 6–4-3 mm) and corresponding elastic modulus (9.8–8.5–6.7 GPa) achieved optimal stress distribution patterns, outperforming both FPC and HPC groups. In vitro tests revealed that both GPC and HPC groups possessed uniform adhesive layers and favorable root repairable failure rates of 33 %, significantly higher than the rate of 0 % observed in FPC group. This functionally graded approach effectively addresses the biomechanical mismatch along the corono-apical direction of tooth roots by tailoring material properties, offering a strategy for the next-generation post-and-core restorations. The successful development of CAD/CAM graded composites demonstrates significant potential for advanced restorative applications with good clinical performance.
研究领域:
牙科学
·
材料科学
·
生物力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
·
2023
·
IF 6.4
Yang Wang,Qiang Liu,Biao Zhang,Hongxu Wang,Paul J. Hazell,Zhuoqun Han,Jian Li,Bo Li,Ling Li,Futian Liu,Feng Ye
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are promising protective structures for lightweight armor plates because of their features and designability. However, traditional discretely layered FGMs with macroscopic interfaces can generate unfavorable interlaminar stresses under ballistic attacks, eventually leading to delamination or interlayer tearing. Herein, we constructed new B 4 C/2024Al FGMs without sharp interfaces between layers. The FGM armor systems with varying through-the-thickness distributions were tested against 7.62 mm armor-piercing incendiary projectiles. The effects of compositional gradient exponent on the damage characteristics, stress distribution and energy evolution were numerically and experimentally investigated. The results indicated that the smooth transition within through-the-thickness microstructures effectively avoided the occurrence of interlayer delamination or tearing. The compositional gradient exponent played an essential role in the impact response of the FGM targets. The FGM having a linear composition gradient outperformed other nonlinear types with respect to energy absorption and ballistic properties due to the reduced tensile wave strength and prolonged projectile-target interaction time. Furthermore, the structural optimization problem with the objective of maximizing ballistic efficiency was solved using the conjugate gradient method, and the optimal design of the FGM targets was achieved. The current research provides a promising design guideline for developing and optimizing new advanced lightweight composite armor.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
力学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2023
·Vol. 107
·期 4
·2593-2608
·
IF 3.9
Fei Chen,Binhua Xiang,Mingyong Jia,Yueqi Wu,Zhifeng Huang,Qiang Shen
In the electronic industry, the composite of copper (Cu) and aluminum nitride (AlN) is widely used, but obtaining Cu/AlN/Cu functionally gradient materials (Cu/AlN/Cu FGMs) in a single step using traditional laminated sintering processes has proven challenging due to significant differences in their physical properties. To address this issue, molybdenum (Mo), with a high melting point and low expansion, was involved in creating a continuous gradient structure with AlN and a quasi-continuous interfacial structure with Cu. The continuous interfacial structure of Mo/AlN gradient materials was obtained by hot pressing at 1650°C. Subsequently, the quasi-continuous interfacial structure of Cu/Mo heterogeneous metal joints with high shear strength was achieved by utilizing the diffusion welding method at 700–950°C. The results indicated that the optimum shear strength of Cu/AlN/Cu FGMs is around 90 MPa. However, Cu/AlN/Cu FGMs with different diffusion interlayers failed in different ways when shear occurred, which greatly depends on the phase compositions at the joint. The challenges are overcome by utilizing Mo to construct the continuous and quasi-continuous interfaces, resulting in Cu/AlN/Cu FGMs with improved shear properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society
·
2025
·
IF 1.5
Yuting Li,Mingyong Jia,Yueqi Wu,Chi Zhang,Yaojun Lin,Fei Chen
Integrating boron carbide ceramics (B4C) with tungsten (W) presents great potential for the development of advanced shielding materials. This study focuses on achieving exceptional bonding between B4C and W by fine-tuning the graded interfaces guided by the comprehensive thermodynamic reaction information. The results show that as the W content increases in the graded interlayers, the unstable entropy between B4C and W system drives the reaction progress along the following stages, W2B5 → W2B5 + WB → WB + WC → W2B + W2C. The multi-scale cracks within B4C/W composites and B4C/W graded materials are mainly due to mismatched properties and inherent brittleness of the induced interphases, which can be effectively mitigated by reducing phases such as WB and WC.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
工程学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2021
·
IF 5.316
Zhilei Wei,Siyu Liu,Dangui Liu,Jinling Wu,Hongyan Xia,Bo Wang,Zhongqi Shi
Si 3 N 4 ceramics have shown promising application prospects as the sealing materials for liquid metal batteries (LMBs). However, the joining of Si 3 N 4 to the metal shell of LMBs is rather difficult because of the non-wetting property and mismatch of their thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs). Herein, to solve the above issue, W/Si 3 N 4 functionally graded materials (FGMs) were designed and fabricated via the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The effects of layer numbers and layer components on the phase composition, structure, and thermal stress of the FGMs were systematically investigated using both experimental and simulation methods. W/Si 3 N 4 FGMs, with optimal layer numbers, were then utilized for fabricating symmetrical W/Si 3 N 4 /W FGMs. The thermal stress of the products can be effectively reduced by adjusting the MgO content of the central Si 3 N 4 layer. As a result, the optimal product displayed good interface bonding between two adjacent layers and also exhibited high flexural strength (943.9 MPa) and electrical resistivity (2.0 × 10 12 Ω cm). This route for the fabrication of symmetrical W/Si 3 N 4 /W FGMs exhibits the advantage of high efficiency, and the products with excellent properties can be used as sealing materials for LMBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）