Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 9
·1574
·
IF 5.1
Xiaona Ren,Chun Wang,Xueqing Wang,Tingting Su,Yigang Yu
In this study, the impacts of water-bath reheating (WR), steam reheating (SR), air-frying reheating (AR), roasting reheating (RR), and microwave reheating (MR) on the physicochemical properties, oxidation, and flavor profiles of crispy chicken (CC) were investigated. The results revealed that the pH of CC was significantly reduced after reheating ( p < 0.05). The AR samples had a slight change in L * and the highest springiness. The RR samples had the highest degree of lipid and protein oxidation. In addition, WR, AR, RR, and MR treatments effectively increased the contents of umami-related amino acids. Glu and Cys were typically the taste-active amino acids in CC. AR contributed to increasing the response values of umami and richness. As shown by the electronic nose and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, 41 volatile compounds were obtained in CC. AR could efficiently increase the contents of nitrogen oxides and methyl compounds. Meanwhile, the content of trans-.alpha.-bergamotene, nonanal, and copaene were significantly increased after the AR process ( p < 0.05). According to the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), odor activity value (OAV), and variable importance in projection (VIP), anethole was considered the key differential flavor-active compound. Overall, AR was superior to other reheating methods in CC, with better texture and various flavor characteristics. This study provides a reference for choosing reheating technology for pre-cooked chicken products.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
化学
·
营养学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 6.1
Yuchen Jiang,Kang Zhang,Chao Li,Yuewen Shao,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Chuanjun Leng,Dong Wang,Zhenhua Cui,Xun Hu
Metal/biochar is an important catalyst with feature of easy recovering of metal via combustion of biochar carrier. During preparation of metal/biochar, interaction of metal with biochar affects evolution of pyrolytic products and dispersion of metal. Heating mode could influence interaction of metal with pyrolytic products. This was investigated by pyrolysis of sawdust loaded with nickel acetate at 400 or 600 °C with furnace and microwave heating, respectively. The results showed that cracking of biochar and volatiles was effectively promoted with Ni, generating more gases while reducing aliphatic organics and heavy phenolics in bio-oil. The enhanced cracking facilitated aromatization in microwave heating, forming biochar of higher thermostability and gases with more hydrogen. However, the furnace heating at 600 °C formed Ni/biochar of more developed pores than from microwave heating (409.1 versus 385.0 m 2 g −1 ). Microwave heating could induce merging of micropores on biochar, resulting in migration and aggregation of Ni. This led to lower capability for chemical adsorption of hydrogen and dispersion of nickel, further leading to inferior activity of Ni/biochar from microwave heating for hydrogenation of vanillin or furfural. The in-situ IR characterization of the pyrolysis showed the furnace heating reserved more oxygen-containing organics and aliphatic structures, promoting dispersion of nickel.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2013
·Vol. 4
·期 6
·2640-2647
·
IF 2.562
Ziyuan Zhang,Xiuchen Qiao,Jianguo Yu
Mullite is becoming increasingly important for use in refractory lining, structural ceramic and catalyst products. The kaolinite-mullite process is a simple method to prepare mullite. Under conventional heating kaolinite has to be heated at 1400 °C for 1 h to form well-ordered orthorhombic mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) that is accompanied by the formation of cristobalite. However, under microwave heating at 900 °C for 5 min and 1200 °C for 1 min, respectively, kaolinite transformed to well-ordered orthorhombic mullite without the formation of cristobalite. The ultra-fast heating rate of microwaves, due to selective heating, accelerated the nucleation and growth of mullite grains and changed the mullitization route of kaolinite. Before mullitization, the capacity for microwave absorption of decomposed kaolinite is dependent on the amount of structural OH up to a temperature of 522 °C and is then dependent on the amount of metakaolinite, gamma alumina and amorphous silica that are present in the sample. The dielectric loss of pseudo-tetragonal mullite has the highest value of the dielectric losses for all of the phases that result from the kaolinite-mullite process.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
陶瓷工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2023
·
IF 8.7
Yuxin Zhang,Dingsheng Wu,Shiqin Liao,Dongsheng Chen,Alfred Mensah,Xue Guo,Pengfei Lv,Qufu Wei
Passive radiative thermal management has been recognized as one of the most promising energy-saving technologies to provide thermal comfortable environment. However, static function and complex production process limit its application. Herein, we propose a simple strategy to achieve the integration of radiative cooling, radiative heating, and active electro-thermal heating. It is worth stressing that the radiative cooling is only based on the self-reflective structure and self-emissive molecular property of cellulose acetate electrospun membrane. In cooling mode, the average temperature of Janus film outdoor is 9.4 °C lower than commercial cotton fabric. Meanwhile, radiative heating and active heating stem from the photothermal and electrothermal performance of MXene . In heating mode, the average temperature of Janus film is 40 °C higher than cotton fabric. Flipping the Janus film allows for dynamic thermal management. In short, the scalable and universal strategy paves the way for the development of dynamic thermal-regulating technology.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Yiqi Dong,Lindai Sun,Yujie Guo,Jianping Xu,Zheyu Jin,Zhongwei Wang,Wenkui Zhang,Yang Xia,Hui Huang,Xinhui Xia,Jun Zhang
Space cooling and heating consume huge energy resources globally, while existing cooling/heating equipment can only address indoor temperature control. In this work, we report a multifunctional layered Janus-coated fabric (JCF) with radiative cooling/solar heating/Joule heating, which can utilize space and the sun as a source of cooling and heating. By adjusting the reflectivity, emissivity, and absorptivity of the coating, the fabric performs a thermal management function in a complex and changeable environment without consuming energy. In cooling mode, the cooling layer achieves a high solar reflectivity of 96% and an infrared emissivity of 96%, resulting in a 3.1 °C reduction in ambient temperature without any convective shielding. In addition, it reduces temperatures by 1.6 °C on human arms and by 5.1 °C inside houses, respectively. In the heating mode, the heating layer demonstrates excellent light-to-heat conversion efficiency under direct sunlight, achieving a 13.3 °C radiation warming ability, 16 °C heating effect on the surface of the arm, and a 12.8 °C temperature increase in the house. Furthermore, when switched to active heating for temperature regulation, JCF exhibits fast electrical response, high-efficiency electrical heat conversion capability, and stable electrical heat circulation capability. Building energy simulations indicate that widespread deployment of JCF across China could lead to a reduction in cooling and heating energy consumption by more than 25 MJ/m2 in 80% of cities. This multifunctional Janus-coated fabric not only provides a viable engineering path for the practical application of radiative heat management technology but also demonstrates its potential applications in human thermal comfort, smart wearable and building energy efficiency.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Materials Horizons
·
2022
·Vol. 9
·期 7
·1911-1920
·
IF 15.717
Limei Zhang,Kun Jia,Jiao Wang,Jiayou Zhao,Jingda Tang,Jian Hu
Transparent heaters (THs) are widely used for various applications, such as in smart windows, deicers, defoggers, displays, and thermotherapy pads. The rapid development of flexible electronics has led to a demand for flexible and even stretchable THs. At present, most stretchable THs are designed using a combination of electronically conductive networks and flexible polymer materials. Electronic THs still face common challenges, such as a transparency-conductance trade-off, non-uniform heating, and poor interfacial adhesion. In this work, an ionic TH is reported based on a stretchable and transparent ionogel. Joule heating from an ionic current induced by alternating voltage functions as the heating source. This ionogel-based TH exhibits excellent and steady mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal properties, simultaneously solving the abovementioned three problems relating to electronic THs. Two simple applications of this ionogel-based TH are demonstrated: deicing and boiling water. This reported ionogel-based TH provides a new material choice and heating principle to compete with conventional electronic TH technology.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Science China-Technological Sciences
·
2024
·Vol. 67
·期 7
·2125-2132
·
IF 4.4
Zhu JingYu,Liu YaDong,Xie RuiJie,Zhao YuHan,Wang Feng,Liu YunQing,Zha BaoLi,Wu JianSheng,Huo FengWei
Flexible heaters with personal thermal management capabilities have great potential in thermal therapy applications due to their excellent flexibility, low power consumption, and portability. However, manufacturing wearable heating devices that are breathable, wear resistant and conformal for long-term use is still challenging. To address these issues, we designed a leather heater using breathable, biocompatible, and tailorable leather as the substrate through a simple in-situ polymerization polypyrrole strategy. This heater exhibits excellent heating and mechanical properties (reaching 64°C at a voltage of 5 V with efficient Joule heat generation of 2286 W/m 2 and uniform temperature distribution, and functioning properly after 1000 cycles of bendability tests). In addition, this heater displays better wear resistance and water vapor permeability rate (38.04 g/(m 2 h)). The cuttable and sewable of leather gives the strategy ability to be flexibly designed to mold the heater to the specific requirements of different body parts, providing a new approach to wearable thermal therapy.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Fengli Lian,Jun-Hu Cheng,Ji Ma,Da-Wen Sun
Fat reduction due to heating or cooking is an important issue in a healthy diet. In the current study, pork subcutaneous back fat was treated via microwave heating (MH) within 10—90 s and roasting - steam heating (RSH) within 2—30 min and their dynamic changes of individual adipocytes were explored by using vesicles as a bio-membrane model. The result showed that MH and RSH significantly increased fat loss ( P < 0.05), with the maximum losses being 74.1 % and 65.6 %, respectively. The mechanical strength of connective tissue decreased and then increased slightly. The microstructure demonstrated that MH and RSH treatments facilitated a large outflow of fat, showing that the particle size of the vesicle and individual adipocytes increased and then decreased. It is thus feasible to study the dynamic changes of individual adipocytes in regulating fat reduction using cell membrane simulation.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物物理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Jiao Wang,Jingping Wu,Zhouhu Jiang,Zilei Zhou,Limei Zhang,Jiayou Zhao,Kun Jia,Jian Hu
Flexible and stretchable transparent heaters (THs) have been widely used in various applications, including deicing and defogging of flexible screens as well as thermotherapy pads. Ionic THs based on ionogels have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional electronic THs due to their unique advantages in terms of transparency-conductance conflict, uniform heating, and interfacial adhesion. However, the commonly used hydrophilic ionogels inevitably introduce a moisture-sensitive issue. In this work, we present a stretchable and transparent hydrophobic ionogel-based heater that utilizes ionic current-induced Joule heating under high-frequency alternating current. This ionogel-based TH exhibits exceptional multifunctional properties with low hysteresis, a fracture strain of 840%, transmittance of 93%, conductivity of 0.062 S m–1, temperature resistance up to 165 °C, voltage resistance up to 120 V, heating rate of 0.1 °C s–1, steady-state temperature at 115 °C, and uniform heating even when bent or stretched (up to 200%). Furthermore, it maintains its heating performance when it is directly exposed to water. This hydrophobic ionogel-based TH expands the range of materials available for ionic THs and paves the way for their practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
柔性电子学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Qiannan Wu,Zhiqiang Feng,Xingfu Zhou,Haiqing Li
All-day atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) presents an appealing approach for achieving high-yield water production in arid regions. However, current all-day MOF-based AWH strategies often involve intricate material preparation procedures and high energy input for water desorption, raising concerns about the water production cost. Leveraging the naturally abundant solar energy available in arid areas, herein, sprayable Ti3C2 MXene/silane-decorated hyperbranched polymer solutions (Ti3C2/sHBP) are presented. These solutions enable easy formation of robust, spray-applied coatings on monolithic MOFs upon exposure to sunlight, resulting in monolithic Ti3C2/sHBP-coated MOFs (TCM). The presence of Ti3C2/sHBP coatings equips TCMs with dual solar and electrical heating capabilities, enabling adaptive all-day AWH based on sunlight availability: solar heating-driven AWH when sufficient sunlight is present, combined solar/electrical heating-driven AWH when sunlight is insufficient, and electrical heating-driven AWH during periods without sunlight. Compared to traditional electrical heating-driven AWH, this adaptive all-day AWH delivers a similar water production performance with a 28.8% reduction in energy consumption for water desorption. Imparting MOF monoliths with dual heating functionality through a straightforward spray-applied coating demonstrates a novel, facile, and cost-effective strategy for enabling adaptive all-day AWH with excellent water productivity at a significantly mitigated energy cost.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Yucen Chen,Xinshuo Wang,Yahui Gao,Caleb John Swing,Jingyang Yu,Heping Cui,Shuqin Xia
In order to clarify the modulation of microwave and conduction heating on the aroma release and adsorption of meat, the effect of different myofibrillar proteins (MP) on the release ability of pyrazines (2-methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine) was investigated. The adsorption ability, hydrophobicity of MP, and thermodynamic parameters were analyzed. Conduction heating by water bath exhibited stronger adsorption ability of MP for 2-methylpyrazine (17.17 ± 2.27%) than that of microwave, followed by 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine (11.50 ± 0.91%) and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (8.63 ± 5.24%), which accounted for the structures of pyrazines. Water bath heating promoted protein unfolding leading to increased exposure of hydrophobic regions thereby enhancing binding affinity with pyrazine flavor compounds. Furthermore, fluorescence quenching ability was enhanced with increasing substituents on pyrazine flavor compounds. The hydrophobic interaction between 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and MP was dominant in both heat treatments. The interactions of conduction-heated MP with 2-methylpyrazine and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine predominantly involved hydrophobic forces, whereas interactions with microwave-heated proteins were primarily driven by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding effects. The results obtained from this study provide valuable theoretical insights into understanding the differences in the flavor release of meat product resulting from microwave versus water bath heating.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Yingying Zhang,Yue Zhang,Bo Li,Xinyan Jin,Tong Liu,Ke Zhang,Lili Fu,Wei Qi,Qi Zhang,Bin Li
Two Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) with different airflow pathways were tested in this study to give insight into the aerosol formation and transfer. One permit the puffing air to flow through the tobacco rod and known as the open-ended system, while the other one sealed the tobacco rod and known as the closed-ended system. Results showed that in both systems, with the heating temperature rising, the aerosol transfer rates of nicotine, 1,2-propylene glycol (PG), and glycerol (VG) increased linearly, meanwhile the residual rates in the tobacco section decreased exponentially. In particular, lower residual rates of nicotine and PG were observed in the closed-ended system compared to open-ended system from 200 to 300 ℃, indicating a higher releasing efficiency in close-ended system. However, higher aerosol transfer rates of nicotine in the closed-ended system were noted merely among 200–260 ℃. Additionally, the transfer rates for PG remained basically the same in both systems. For nicotine, the closed-ended system exhibited lower retention rates between 200 and 240 ℃, but reversed between 260 and 300 ℃. Furthermore, the closed-ended system showed significantly higher retention rates for PG compared to the open-ended system from 200 to 300 ℃. Regarding puff-by-puff aerosol release pattern, both systems showed similar trend of increase-decrease for the same key component at identical temperature. While the single-puff release amount differed between them, for example, 3.8 mg for close-ended and 3.0 mg for open-ended of water at the second puff. Furthermore, apparent release kinetics parameters were obtained based on the first-order reaction kinetic model and the Arrhenius Equation. In the closed-ended system, lower activation energy of nicotine (26.255 KJ·mol −1 compared to 34.896 KJ·mol −1 in open-ended) resulted in lower activation energy barrier, and therefore a more efficient release and transfer rate for nicotine.
研究领域:
生物学
·
医学
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）